简介:Correctionisprovidedintheorallanguageclass-roomtohelplearnersidentifyproblematicareas,re-formulaterulesintheirminds,sospeakmoreaccu-rately.However,manycorrectiontechniquesseemtofrustrateandintimidateratherthanenlighten.Thisarticlereviewscurrentcorrectiontechniques.Itthendescribeshowcertainfeaturesoftheclozeprocedurecanbeadaptedintoasimplecorrectionprocedureef-fectiveinelicitingself-andpeer-correctionfromstu-dents.
简介:INTRODUCTIONFecalcoliformhasbeenusedasanindicatorofwaterpollutionforaboutacentury.Recently,Standrigeetal(1981),Reasoneretal(1979)andPageletal.(1982)improved,withgoodresults,thebioassymethodsforfecalcoliformindrinkingwaterandwastewater.Toprovideamethodappli-
简介:Ievaluatedmyteachingpracticefromthefollowingperspective,namely:theapplicationofwholelanguageapproach,emphasisonthevarietyofEnglishbeingtaught,errorcorrection,adoptingauthentictaskinbothteachingandexamaswellasstrategyinstruction.TheyplayaroleinenhancingoralEnglish.
简介:Objective:Oralsquamous-cellcarcinoma(OSCC)accountsfor>90%oforalcancersaffectingadultsmostlybetweenthefourthtoseventhdecadesoflife.ThemostcommonOSCCtreatmentisconcomitantchemoradiotherapy(CCRT)havingbothlocoregionalanddistantcontrol,butCCRThasacuteandchronictoxiceffectsonadjacentnormaltissue.ThisstudyaimedtodeterminethesideeffectsofCCRTontheoralmucosaandtocharacterizetheclinicopathologyoforallesionsinpatientswithOSCC.Methods:Thisdescriptive,cross-sectionalstudywascertifiedbytheEthicalReviewCommittee(UHS/Education/126-12/2728)oftheUniversityofHealthSciences,Lahore,Pakistan.OSSCpatients(n=81)withvarioushistologicalsubtypes,grades,andstageswererecruited,andfindingsontheiroralexaminationwererecorded.Thesepatientsreceived70,90,and119Gyofradiotherapydosagesincombinationwiththechemotherapydrugscisplatinand5-fluorouracil.DatawereanalyzedusingSPSS20.0.Results:ThemostcommonpresentationofOSCCwasanonhealingulcer(63%)involvingtongue(55.6%).Clinicalfindingsincludedmucositis(92.6%)andxerostomiaofmild,moderate,andseveredegreesin11.1%,46.9%,and35.8%cases,respectively.Ulcers(87.7%),palpablelymphnodes(64.2%),limitedmouthopening(64.2%)andfistula(40.7%)werealsoobserved.Infemales,theassociationofradiotherapydosagewithlimitedmouthopening,xerostomia,andhistologicalgradingwasstatisticallysignificant(P<0.05).Theassociationofchemotherapydrugswithxerostomia(P=0.003)wasalsostatisticallysignificant.Conclusions:CCRTinducedmucositis,xerostomia,andtrismusinpatientswithOSCC.
简介:AbstractFecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been used as a core therapy for treating dysbiosis-related diseases by remodeling gut microbiota. The methodology and technology for improving FMT are stepping forward, mainly including washed microbiota transplantation (WMT), colonic transendoscopic enteral tubing (TET) for microbiota delivery, and purified Firmicutes spores from fecal matter. To improve the understanding of the clinical applications of FMT, we performed a systematic literature review on FMT published from 2011 to 2021. Here, we provided an overview of the reported clinical benefits of FMT, the methodology of processing FMT, the strategy of using FMT, and the regulations on FMT from a global perspective. A total of 782 studies were included for the final analysis. The present review profiled the effectiveness from all clinical FMT uses in 85 specific diseases as eight categories, including infections, gut diseases, microbiota–gut–liver axis, microbiota–gut–brain axis, metabolic diseases, oncology, hematological diseases, and other diseases. Although many further controlled trials will be needed, the dramatic increasing reports have shown the promising future of FMT for dysbiosis-related diseases in the gut or beyond the gut.
简介:ThevalidityandreliabilityofBECVantagearethekeyfactorstothesuccessandfailureoforaltest.ThispaperevaluatesthespeakingtestofBECVantagebyanalyzingthereliability,authenticity,validityandtheassessmentofthetest.
简介:AbstractBackground:Fecal incontinence (FI) has been shown to be a common symptom in Western countries; however, there is few researches focusing on its epidemic condition in Chinese women. We conducted this national population-based epidemiology study to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of FI among adult Chinese women living in urban regions.Methods:This is a subgroup analysis of a national population-based epidemiology study of FI. Total 28,196 adult women from urban regions of six provinces and municipalities participated in this research from 2014 to 2015. They finished the questionnaire under the direction of trained interviewers. FI was defined as accidental leakage of flatus and/or liquid or solid stool at least once in the past. The FI prevalence trend and risk factors were identified by the Cochran-Armitage test, Chi-square test, and multivariable logistic regression.Results:The prevalence of FI in adult females in urban China was 0.43% (95% confidence interval: 0.35%-0.51%). Among women with FI, 42.96%, 82.96%, and 42.22% reported having leakage of solid, liquid stool, and gas, respectively. The overall FI prevalence and the incidence rate of solid stool/liquid stool/gas leakage increased with age. The mean Wexner score was 4.0% and 12.0% FI patients reported Wexner score ≥9. Body mass index ≥24 kg/m2, pelvic organ prolapses, chronic constipation, chronic cough, alcohol consumption, physical diseases including chronic bronchitis and cancer, gynecological diseases like gynecological inflammation are risk factors for FI. Vaginal delivery was the risk factor for FI in females with labor history.Conclusions:FI was not a common symptom in adult Chinese women living in urban areas and there were some potential modifiable risk factors.Trial Registration:Chinses Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR-OCS-14004675; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=4898
简介:SomepeoplearesuspiciousoforalEnglishlearningfortheyhavebeenaccustomedtotheoldtraditionalclassroomtraining.Thispaperdiscussessomenewteachingtechniquesinoralclass,whichbreaksthetraditionalteachingmethods.Ifteachersareawareoftheadvantagesofthesenewmethodsandputthemintopractice,thenwecancreatealivelyandnaturalatmospheresothatthestudentswilllosetheirinhibitionandlearnEnglishhappily.Themainpointofthispaperisthatthebestteachingmethodcanproducethebesteffectanditshouldbeacombinationofsomeflexibleandvariousapproachesratherthanonlyonesingleteachingmethodaswellasthecooperationofteacherandstudents.
简介:CollegeEnglishlearnersfrequentlyworryaboutthesmall-sizevocabulary,incorrectgrammarandinappropriateexpressionsintheirspokenEnglishwhencommunicatingwithfluentspeakersofEnglish.Inthisarticle,wereconsidertheconceptsofvocabulary,accuracyandappropriatenessoflanguageuseinthehopethatwhenlearnerscometorealizethatnooneperformsperfectlyinEnglishtheycanbeencouragedtocontinuepracticingEnglishspeakingskillsandtoacquiresufficientlevelofEnglishabilitytocopewitheverydaycommunication.