简介：AbstractBackground:Sleep disorders are common but under-researched symptoms in patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA). We investigated the frequency and factors associated with sleep-related symptoms in patients with MSA and the impact of sleep disturbances on disease severity.Methods:This cross-sectional study involved 165 patients with MSA. Three sleep-related symptoms, namely Parkinson’s disease (PD)-related sleep problems (PD-SP), excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD), were evaluated using the PD Sleep Scale-2 (PDSS-2), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and RBD Screening Questionnaire (RBDSQ), respectively. Disease severity was evaluated using the Unified MSA Rating Scale (UMSARS).Results:The frequency of PD-SP (PDSS-2 score of ≥18), EDS (ESS score of ≥10), and RBD (RBDSQ score of ≥5) in patients with MSA was 18.8%, 27.3%, and 49.7%, respectively. The frequency of coexistence of all three sleep-related symptoms was 7.3%. Compared with the cerebellar subtype of MSA (MSA-C), the parkinsonism subtype of MSA (MSA-P) was associated with a higher frequency of PD-SP and EDS, but not of RBD. Binary logistic regression revealed that the MSA-P subtype, a higher total UMSARS score, and anxiety were associated with PD-SP; that male sex, a higher total UMSARS score, the MSA-P subtype, and fatigue were associated with EDS; and that male sex, a higher total UMSARS score, and autonomic onset were associated with RBD in patients with MSA. Stepwise linear regression showed that the number of sleep-related symptoms (PD-SP, EDS, and RBD), disease duration, depression, fatigue, and total Montreal Cognitive Assessment score were predictors of disease severity in patients with MSA.Conclusions:Sleep-related disorders were associated with both MSA subtypes and the severity of disease in patients with MSA, indicating that sleep disorders may reflect the distribution and degree of dopaminergic/non-dopaminergic neuron degeneration in MSA.

简介：Manylow-ordermodelingstudiesindicatethattheremaybemultipleequilibriaintheatmosphereinducedbythermalandtopographicforcings.However,mostworkusesuncoupledatmosphericmodelandjustfocusesonthemultipleequilibriawithdistinctwaveamplitude,i.e.,thehigh-andlow-indexequilibria.Here,alow-ordercoupledland-atmospheremodelisusedtostudythemultipleequilibriawithbothdistinctwavephaseandwaveamplitude.Themodelcombinesatwo-layerquasi-geostrophicchannelmodelandanenergybalancemodel.Highlytruncatedspectralexpansionsareusedandtheresultsshowthattheremaybetwostableequilibriawithdistinctwavephaserelativetothetopography:one(theother)hasalowerlayerstreamfunctionthatisnearlyin(outof)phasewiththetopography,i.e.,thelowerlayerridges(troughs)areoverthemountains,calledridge-type(trough-type)equilibria.Thewavephaseofequilibriumstatedependsonthedirectionoflowerlayerzonalwindandhorizontalscaleofthetopography.Themultiplewavephaseequilibriaassociatedwithridge-andtrough-typesoriginatefromtheorographicinstabilityoftheHadleycirculation,whichisapitch-forkbifurcation.Comparedwiththeuncoupledmodel,theland-atmospherecoupledsystemproducesmorestableatmosphericflowandmoreridge-typeequilibriumstates,particularly,theseeffectsareprimarilyattributedtothelongwaveradiationfluxes.Theupperlayerstreamfunctionsofbothridge-andtrough-typeequilibriaarealsocharacterizedbyeitherahigh-orlow-indexflowpattern.However,themultiplewavephaseequilibriaassociatedwithridge-andtrough-typesaremoreprominentthanmultiplewaveamplitudeequilibriaassociatedwithhigh-andlow-indextypesinthisstudy.

简介：BeamalignmentdependsonCCDreal-timeimageanalysisandprocessing.Inordertoimprovethequalityofthealignment,multiplefiltersareusedinfar-fieldandnear-fieldimageprocessings.Thesemultiplefiltersareconstitutedofanaveragefilterandamedianfilterindifferentconnectionsequences,sothattheycandealwithdifferentkindsofnoise.Toreducetheeffectoftheunknownnonlinearrelationshipbetweenmotorrunningstepsanddeviationpixels,afeasiblemethodologyisofferedtoimprovethisphenomenonandafuzzyalgorithmisappliedtothemotorfeedbackcontrolprocess.Becauseofthefuzzycontrolitisnotnecessarytoestablishanaccuratemathematicalmodel,sotheimpactofthenonlinearrelationshipwillbereduced.

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简介：有一个压电的致动器(D-MFPA)的一个双方面的多重扇子系统，它能驾驶八把被动颤动扇子并且提供二方向性的空气由使用仅仅一个压电的致动器流动，在这研究被调查了。而且，扇子图案的二种类型，viz。磁性的扇子(MF)和合成磁性的扇子(CMF)也被探索。在MF的调查，当碳纤维板(L)的长度从55公里减少了到35公里，结果显示D-MFPA的回声频率从27.6Hz增加了到66Hz。它也减少了到4.8公里的从12.4mm的D-MFPA的振幅。为CMF，当时，结果证明回声频率减少了Mylar板的长度(增加的El)，和最大的减少从66Hz到45Hz什么时候L=35公里和El=30公里。无尺寸的热传送对流数字(MD-MFPA)被定义描述并且确定在热表演的改进。结果证明单身的压电的扇子的最佳的MD-MFPA为使一热来源凉下来是1.58。由对比，在一样的电源消费下面，D-MFPA不仅使二热来源凉下来而且显示了更好热的性能。

简介：由围住的控制的多重综合者的系统的全球稳定问题被考虑。由嵌套的浸透功能组成的一条非线性的反馈法律被建议。是交上的结果的修正和归纳的这类非线性的反馈法律[1]仅仅需要[(n+1)/2](n是系统的尺寸)浸透元素，它比那是少数另外的非线性的法律需要它。而且，当任何一个都没在控制法律的浸透元素被浸透时，靠近环的系统的杆能在左真实的轴上被放在任何地点上。这类非线性的控制法律展出更简单的结构并且能显著地改进靠近环的系统的短暂表演，并且比另外的存在方法很优异。一个第四顺序的系统上的模拟被用来验证建议方法。

简介：地震反应一孤立垂直、圆柱的、额外大的液化天然气(LNG)由一个多重磨擦摆钟系统(MFPS)的坦克被分析。大多数额外大的LNG坦克有包含大多数地震地面运动的回声的一个范围的基本频率。它是到一个隔离系统的反应在强烈地震下面为额外大的LNG存储坦克使用了的减少的一条有效的路。然而，由于象低温度，软地点和另外的严重环境因素那样的问题与普通隔离轴承在实践实现是困难的。MFPS孤立的额外大的LNG坦克在这研究被介绍处理这些问题。MFPS为地震与长占优势的时期导致的大排水量是适当的。由Malhotra和Dunkerley的一个简化有限元素模型被用来决定隔离系统的实用性。数据报导了并且统计上排序包括堆积砍，波浪高度，冲动的加速，对流加速和外部坦克加速。结果证明隔离系统为不同液体层次有优秀适应性并且在控制额外大的LNG坦克的地震反应是很有效的。

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简介：几份临床的报告证实那胃的萎缩是限于成年病人的一个病理不仅。在儿科，它最经常与Hpylori感染而是这联合被描述细菌不似乎是在孩子的这个肿瘤前状态的唯一的病因学的因素。因为他们系统地没在上面的胃肠的内视镜检查法期间被寻求，在孩子的胃的萎缩和肠的组织变形的频率是未知的。childrenosgastropathies的特定的组织学的分类的缺乏为病理学家使他们的诊断困难。迄今为止基于我们的知识，我们认为详细，描述是必要的这损害的自然功课在童年期间。靠近、延长的临床、内视镜的后续为有胃的萎缩的孩子是重要的。

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简介：公司破产每年在损失花费了十亿美元到银行。因此承认风险预言是一个银行的贷款赞同决定过程的关键部分。为信用风险预言的传统的金融模型为describingtoday在金融健康和一个公司的潜在的破产之间的复杂关系不再是足够的。Inthis工作，一个多重分类器系统(在一个多重聪明的代理人系统嵌入)被建议预言一个公司的金融健康。在我们的模型，每个单个代理人(分类器)基于公司的仅仅偏爱的信息在信用风险的可能性上做预言。每代理人是一位专家，但是限制了知识(由特征代表了)关于公司。所有代理人的决定一起被联合形成最后的信用风险预言。实验证明我们的模型用benchmarkingCompustat美国公司数据集超过另外的存在方法。

简介：Background:Chronicinflammationisanimportantetiologicmechanismformuscleatrophy.Oat-derivedphytochemicalavenanthramides(AVAs)havebeenshowntosuppressinflammatoryresponsesinhumanclinicalstudiesandinseveralcelllinesinvitro,buttheirroleinskeletalmuscleisunclear.TheaimofthisstudywastoinvestigatewhetherAVAtreatmentcanpreventtumornecrosisfactor(TNF)-α-inducedmusclefiberatrophyinC2C12cells.Methods:Wetreated70%confluentcellsfor24hwithAVA.Then,TNF-αwasaddedtocell-culturedmedium.Subsequently,cellswereharvestedatdifferenttimepoints.Thecellswereexaminedusingvariousbiochemicaltechniquesformeasuringprotein,messengerRNAlevels,nuclearbindingactivity,andviability.Fluorescencemicroscopewasusedforanalysisofthemyotubemorphology.Results:CellstreatedwithTNF-asignificantlyincreasednuclearfactorkBactivation,indicatedbyamarkeddecreaseofIkB(p<0.05)anda6.6-foldincreaseinp65-DNAbinding(p<0.01);however,30mmolofAVA-A,-B,and-Ctreatmentreducedthebindingby33%,18%,and19%(p<0.01),respectively,comparedwithcellstreatedwithTNF-awithoutAVA.Theinterleukin-6levelincreasedby2.5fold(p<0.01)withTNF-α,butdecreasedby24%,32%,and28%(p<0.01),respectively,withAVA-A,-B,and-C.Theinterleukin-1blevelalsoshoweda47%increasewithTNF-a(p<0.01),whereasthisincrementwasabolishedinallAVA-treatedcells.Reactiveoxygenspeciesproductionwas1.3-foldhigherintheTNF-α-treatedgroup(p<0.01)butnotintheTNF-α+AVAsgroups.MessengerRNAlevelsofmuscle-specificE3ubiquitinligaseatrogin-1increased23%inTNF-αvs.control(p<0.05)butwasdecreasedby46%,34%,and53%(p<0.01),respectively,withtreatmentofAVA-A,-B,and-C.Moreover,TNF-αtreatmentincreasedthemuscleRINGfinger1messengerRNAlevelby76%(p<0.01);thischangewasabolishedbyAVAs.CellstreatedwithTNF-ademonstratedareducedproliferationcomparedwithcontrolcells(p<0.01)

简介：Anoptimalpowerdistributionanalysisforanall-opticalsamplingorthagonalfrequencydivisionmultiplexing(OFDM)schemewithmultiplemodulationformatsincludingdiferentialphaseshiftkeyed(DPSK),diferentialquadraturephaseshiftkeyed(DQPSK),andnon-return-to-zero(NRZ)isproposed.Thenoisetolerancesofdifferentmodulationformatsareanalyzed,andtheoptimalinputpowerratiobetweenphaseandintensitymodulationformatsforthebestoverallreceivingperformanceisinvestigatedunderunchangedtotalinputpower.Moreover,thisschemecanseamlesslycoexistwiththetraditionalWDMchannel.

简介：MemorylossandmentalconfusionarethefirstovertsignsofAlzheimer'sDisease,anincurableandfatalbrainailment.Butscientistsarestartingtofindevidenceofthediseaselongbeforesymptomsappear.

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简介：研究是关于压制搬运人的return-to-zero(CS-RZ)的产生方法，单个边带return-to-zero(SSB-RZ)格式化。当CS-RZ和SSB-RZ格式在标志重叠分别地被使用时，表演被模仿并且分析快频率跳跃光代码分割以10Gb/s的传播率的多重存取(SO-FFH-OCDMA)系统。模拟证明两种格式在OCDMA系统是适用的。为用CS-RZ或SSB-RZ的系统，Q因素随输入力量的增加随传播距离的增加和增加降级。而且，有CS-RZ的SO-FFH-OCDMA系统的性能比一样的传播距离和输入力量的SSB-RZ的擅长。

简介：Inthispaper,anovelmultipletrelliscodedorthogonaltransmitschemeisproposedtoexploittransmitdiversityinfadingchannels.Inthisscheme,auniquevectorfromasetoforthogonalvectorsisassignedtoeachtransmitantenna.Eachoftheoutputsymbolsfromthemultipletrellisencoderismultipliedwithoneoftheseorthogonalvectorsandtransmittedfromcorrespondingtransmitantennas.Bycorrelatingwithcorrespondingorthogonalvectors,thereceiverseparatessymbolstransmittedfromdifferenttransmitantennas.Thisschemecanbeadoptedincoherent/differentialsystemswithanynumberoftransmitantennas.Itisshownthattheproposedschemeencompassestheconventionaltrelliscodedunitaryspace-timemodulationbasedontheoptimalcyclicgroupcodesasaspecialcase.Wealsoproposetwobetterdesignsovertheconventionaltrelliscodedunitaryspace-timemodulation.Thefirstdesignuses8PhaseShiftKeying(8-PSK)constellationsinsteadof16PhaseShiftKeying(16-PSK)constellationsintheconventionaltrelliscodedunitaryspace-timemodulation.Asaresult,theproductdistanceofthisnewdesignismuchlargerthanthatoftheconventionaltrelliscodedunitaryspace-timemodulation.Theseconddesignintroducesconstellationswithmultiplelevelsofamplitudesintothedesignofthemultipletrelliscodedorthogonaltransmitscheme.Forbothdesigns,simulationsshowthatmultipletrelliscodedorthogonaltransmitschemescanachievebetterperformancethantheconventionaltrelliscodedunitaryspace-timeschemes.

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