简介：Thispaperpresentsahumanactionrecognitionmethod.Itanalyzesthespatio-temporalgridsalongthedensetrajectoriesandgeneratesthehistogramoforientedgradients(HOG)andhistogramofopticalflow(HOF)todescribetheappearanceandmotionofthehumanobject.Then,HOGcombinedwithHOFisconvertedtobag-of-words(BoWs)bythevocabularytree.Finally,itappliesrandomforesttorecognizethetypeofhumanaction.Intheexperiments,KTHdatabaseandURADLdatabasearetestedfortheperformanceevaluation.Comparingwiththeotherapproaches,weshowthatourapproachhasabetterperformancefortheactionvideoswithhighinter-classandlowinter-classvariabilities.IndexTermsBag-of-words(BoWs),densetrajectories,histogramofopticalflow(HOF),histogramoforientedgradient(HOG),randomforest,vocabularytree.

简介：Asanimportantnon-ferrousmetalstructuralmaterialmostusedinindustryandproduction,aluminum(Al)alloyshowsitsgreatvalueinthenationaleconomyandindustrialmanufacturing.HowtoclassifyAlalloyrapidlyandaccuratelyisasignificant,popularandmeaningfultask.Classificationmethodsbasedonlaser-inducedbreakdownspectroscopy(LIBS)havebeenreportedinrecentyears.AlthoughLIBSisanadvanceddetectiontechnology,itisnecessarytocombineitwithsomealgorithmtoreachthegoalofrapidandaccurateclassification.Asanimportantmachinelearningmethod,therandomforest(RF)algorithmplaysagreatroleinpatternrecognitionandmaterialclassification.ThispaperintroducesarapidclassificationmethodofAlalloybasedonLIBSandtheRFalgorithm.TheresultsshowthatthebestaccuracythatcanbereachedusingthismethodtoclassifyAlalloysamplesis98.59%,theaverageofwhichis98.45%.ItalsorevealsthroughtherelationshiplawsthattheaccuracyvarieswiththenumberoftreesintheRFandthesizeofthetrainingsamplesetintheRF.Accordingtothelaws,researcherscanfindouttheoptimizedparametersintheRFalgorithminordertoachieve,asexpected,agoodresult.TheseresultsprovethatLIBSwiththeRFalgorithmcanexactlyclassifyAlalloyeffectively,preciselyandrapidlywithhighaccuracy,whichobviouslyhassignificantpracticalvalue.

简介：AbstractBackground:The basis of individualized treatment should be individualized mortality risk predictive information. The present study aimed to develop an online individual mortality risk predictive tool for acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) patients based on a random survival forest (RSF) algorithm.Methods:The current study retrospectively enrolled ACLF patients from the Department of Infectious Diseases of The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, and Jiangmen Central Hospital. Two hundred seventy-six consecutive ACLF patients were included in the present study as a model cohort (n = 276). Then the current study constructed a validation cohort by drawing patients from the model dataset based on the resampling method (n = 276). The RSF algorithm was used to develop an individual prognostic model for ACLF patients. The Brier score was used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of prognostic models. The weighted mean rank estimation method was used to compare the differences between the areas under the time-dependent ROC curves (AUROCs) of prognostic models.Results:Multivariate Cox regression identified hepatic encephalopathy (HE), age, serum sodium level, acute kidney injury (AKI), red cell distribution width (RDW), and international normalization index (INR) as independent risk factors for ACLF patients. A simplified RSF model was developed based on these previous risk factors. The AUROCs for predicting 3-, 6-, and 12-month mortality were 0.916, 0.916, and 0.905 for the RSF model and 0.872, 0.866, and 0.848 for the Cox model in the model cohort, respectively. The Brier scores were 0.119, 0.119, and 0.128 for the RSF model and 0.138, 0.146, and 0.156 for the Cox model, respectively. The nonparametric comparison suggested that the RSF model was superior to the Cox model for predicting the prognosis of ACLF patients.Conclusions:The current study developed a novel online individual mortality risk predictive tool that could predict individual mortality risk predictive curves for individual patients. Additionally, the current online individual mortality risk predictive tool could further provide predicted mortality percentages and 95% confidence intervals at user-defined time points.

简介：AbstractBackground:Oncomelania hupensis is only intermediate snail host of Schistosoma japonicum, and distribution of O. hupensis is an important indicator for the surveillance of schistosomiasis. This study explored the feasibility of a random forest algorithm weighted by spatial distance for risk prediction of schistosomiasis distribution in the Yangtze River Basin in China, with the aim to produce an improved precision reference for the national schistosomiasis control programme by reducing the number of snail survey sites without losing predictive accuracy.Methods:The snail presence and absence records were collected from Anhui, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi and Jiangsu provinces in 2018. A machine learning of random forest algorithm based on a set of environmental and climatic variables was developed to predict the breeding sites of the O. hupensis intermediated snail host of S. japonicum. Different spatial sizes of a hexagonal grid system were compared to estimate the need for required snail sampling sites. The predictive accuracy related to geographic distances between snail sampling sites was estimated by calculating Kappa and the area under the curve (AUC).Results:The highest accuracy (AUC = 0.889 and Kappa = 0.618) was achieved at the 5 km distance weight. The five factors with the strongest correlation to O. hupensis infestation probability were: (1) distance to lake (48.9%), (2) distance to river (36.6%), (3) isothermality (29.5%), (4) mean daily difference in temperature (28.1%), and (5) altitude (26.0%). The risk map showed that areas characterized by snail infestation were mainly located along the Yangtze River, with the highest probability in the dividing, slow-flowing river arms in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in Anhui, followed by areas near the shores of China’s two main lakes, the Dongting Lake in Hunan and Hubei and the Poyang Lake in Jiangxi.Conclusions:Applying the machine learning of random forest algorithm made it feasible to precisely predict snail infestation probability, an approach that could improve the sensitivity of the Chinese schistosome surveillance system. Redesign of the snail surveillance system by spatial bias correction of O. hupensis infestation in the Yangtze River Basin to reduce the number of sites required to investigate from 2369 to 1747.

简介：Inthisarticle,wemainlydiscusstheasymptoticbehaviorformulti-dimensionalcontinuous-timerandomwalkinrandomenvironmentwithholdingtimes.Byconstructingarenewalstructureandusingthepoint'environmentviewedfromtheparticle',underGeneralKalikow'sCondition,weshowthelawoflargenumbers(LLN)andcentrallimittheorem(CLT)fortheescapespeedofrandomwalk.

简介：Inthispaper,westudystronglawsoflargenumbersforrandomwalksinrandomsceneries.Somemildsufficientconditionsforthevalidityofstronglawsoflargenumbersareobtained.

简介：Firstofalltheauthorsintroducetheconceptsofrandomsub-self-similarsetandrandomshiftsetandthenconstructtherandomsub-self-similarsetbyarandomshiftsetandacollectionofstatisticalcontractionoperators.

简介：ＦｏｒｅｓｔｉｎＴｉｂｅｔ￥ＸＵＸＩＡＯＱＩＮＧａｎｄＧＵＡＮＨＯＮＧＳＨＵＰｒｉｍｉｔｉｖｅｆｏｒｅｓｔｓ，ｃｏｖｅｒｉｎｇ７．１５ｍｉｌｌｉｏｎｈｅｃｔａｒｅｓ，ｍａｋｅｕｐ９９．７ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔｏｆｔｏｔａｌｆｏｒｅｓｔｓｉｎＴｉｂｅｔ．Ｔｈｅ...

简介：角色:A—AllanimalsB—BirdC—CatD—DeerF—FoxG—TigerM—MonkeyR—RabbitS—StorytellerT—Tortoise场景:树、花草、蘑菇等S:Hello,friends.Youknowtherearemanyanimalsintheforest.Theyaresinginganddancing.Theyareveryhappy.Look,theyarecoming.

简介：aSpringerOpenJournalwww.forestecosyst.comAimsandScopeForestEcosystemsisaninternationalOpenAccessjournalpublishingscientificcommunicationsfromanydisciplinethatcanprovideinterestingcontributionsaboutthestructureanddynamicsof'natural'and'domesticated'forestecosystems,andtheirservicestopeople.Wewelcomeinnovativescienceaswellasapplicationorientedworkthatwillenhanceunderstandingofwoody

简介：Aresultregardinginvariantrandomapproximationisproved.

简介：BasedontheinvestigationinAnjiCountyofZhejiangProvinceandBa'nanDistrictofChongqing,thispaperanalyzedthecharacteristicsofforestmanagementbehaviorsofforestfarmersinChinaandtheimpactfactorsforforestmanagementincome,andthencameupwithsomepolicyrecommendationstoincreasetheforestmanagementincomeofforestfarmers.ItarguedthatthefactorstoimpactonforestmanagementincomeofforestfarmersinChinaincludethechoiceofforestproductstype,theelementsinfo...

简介：Thepaperwasbasedonthecurrentdevelopmentstatusofforestcertificationtoanalyzethebasiccharacteristicsofforestcertificationfromthedevelopmentpointofviewintermsoforigin,development,maindriversandimpacts,andthenconductedtheapproachanalysistopromotesustainableforestmanagementwithforestcertificationinChina.TheresultshowedthatChinashallestablishherownforestcertificationscheme,withthefocusontheimprovementofforestsustainablemanagementconceptthro...

简介：Thoughpublicforestsincountriestakeupasmallportionofforests,theirimportanceinrespectofenvironmentalsideloomslargegradually.ThispaperstudiesandcomparesthepublicforestmanagementandforestlawsinFranceandtheUSA,attemptingtoexploretheforestoperationpracticeinbothcountriesandtheemphasisofthelawgoverningforestmanagement,sothatalessoncanbedrawnforustolearninChina.

简介：自从1990年代，在朝鲜，损坏与气候变化有关的台风稳定地增加了。红松(Pinusdensiflora)在光纽恩格·福雷斯特的森林被台风Kompasu极大地在2010扰乱。调查被执行在地面甲壳虫澄清差别(翘目：Carabidae)在森林差距和undamaged森林之间的社区。地面甲壳虫从早5月用陷井陷井被取样到2011年10月下旬。植被变化，崽层，有机物层，和土壤条件也被测量。32种类的1035地面甲壳虫的一个总数是镇定的。与我们的期望相反，地面的种类丰富，丰富，和社区结构在森林差距急速移动类似于undamaged森林里的那些。种类丰富和许多产地类型也是类似的。然而，在森林差距的种类差异和估计的种类丰富比在undamaged森林里显著地高。这些调查结果建议台风形成的森林差距没导致伟人改变观点甲壳虫社区。

简介：InthepresentpaperweintroducearandomiterationschemeforthreerandomoperatorsdefinedonaclosedandconvexsubsetofauniformlyconvexBanachspaceandproveitsconvergencetoacommonfixedpointofthreerandomoperators.Theresultisalsoanextensionofaknowntheoreminthecorrespondingnon-randomcase.

简介：Background:Theglobaldecreaseinwildlifepopulations,especiallybirds,ismainlyduetolandusechangeandincreasingintensityoflanduse(ParmesanandYohe2003).However,impactsofmanagementtoolstomitigatebiodiversitylossatregionalandglobalscalesarelessapparentinforestregionsthathaveaconstantforestarea,andwhichdidnotsufferfromhabitatdegradation,andwhereforestsaresustainablymanaged,suchasinCentralEuropeorthenortheasternUSA.AbiodiversityassessmentforGermanysuggested,forexample,thatbirdpopulationswereconstant(BundesamtfürNaturschutz2015).Results:Thisstudyshowsthatchangesintheenvironmentandinforestmanagementoverthepast45yearshavehadasignificant,positiveeffectontheabundanceofnon-migratoryforestbirdspeciesinCentralEurope.Economy(timberpricesandGDP),forestmanagement(timberharvestandmixedforestarea),andenvironmentalfactors(atmosphericCO2concentrationandnitrogendeposition)wereinvestigatedtogetherwithchangesinabundancesofmigratoryandnon-migratoryforestbirdsusingpartialleastsquarespathmodeling.Climatechange,resultinginlongerseasonsandmilderwinters,andforestmanagement,promotingtreediversity,weresignificantlypositivelyrelatedtotheabundanceofnon-migratoryforestbirdsandexplained92%ofthevariationintheirabundanceinEurope.Regionally-migratingforestbirdshadstablepopulationswithlargevariation,whilebirdsmigratingacrosscontinentsdeclinedinrecentdecades,suggestingsignificant,contrastingchangesinbirdpopulationsinEurope.InnortheasternNorthAmericawealsofoundevidencethatnon-migratoryforestshaveexperiencedlong-termincreasesinabundance,andthisincreasewasrelatedtomanagement.TheincreaseofpopulationsofnonmigratoryforestbirdsinEuropeandNorthAmericaisassociatedwithanincreaseinstructuraldiversityanddisturbancesatthelandscapelevel.Conclusions:Ourresultssuggestthatreportsaboutbirddecline

简介：Background:Climatechangeislikelytocausesignificantmodificationsinforests.Risingtothischallengemayrequireadaptationofforestmanagement,andthereforeshouldtriggerproactivemeasuresbyforestmanagers,butitisuncleartowhatextentthisisalreadyhappening.Methods:ThesurveycarriedoutinthisresearchassesseshowforeststakeholdersinBelgiumperceivetheroleoftheirforestmanagementinthecontextofclimatechangeandtheimpedimentsthatlimittheirabilitytoprepareandrespondtothesechanges.Results:Respondentsindicatedstrongawarenessofthechangingclimate,withmorethantwo-thirds(71%)expressingconcernabouttheimpactsofclimatechangeontheirforests.However,lessthanone-thirdoftherespondents(32%)reportedmodifyingtheirmanagementpracticesmotivatedbyclimatechange.Amongthemajorconstraintslimitingtheirclimaterelatedactions,lackofinformationwasconsideredthemostimportantformanagersofbothpublicandprivateforests.Conclusions:Knowledgetransferisanessentialconditionforresearchtoleadtoinnovation.Improvingthecommunicationanddemonstrationofpossiblesolutionsforclimatechangeadaptationisthereforelikelytobethemosteffectivestrategyforincreasingtheiradoption.

简介：Overthepasttwodecades,wheneveracopyofJournalofGeologicalSocietyoflndiahasreachedmyhand,thefirstthingIhavedoneisreadtheeditorial.Nomatterwhattheirtopicsare,theseessaysareneverdullbutlivelyandprecisepresentationsofvariousearthscienceissuesfacingthedevelopingcountriesandoftentimestheworldaswell.ComingfromthepenofDr.B.P.Radhakrishna,

简介：Let(Ω,A,P)beaprobabilityspace,X(t,ω)arandomfunctioncontinuousinprobabilityfort∈[0,∞)or(-∞,+∞)(ω∈Ω),andF(t)apositivefunctioncontinuousfort∈[0,+∞)or(-∞,+∞).IfX(t,ω)andF(t)verifycertainconditions,thenthereexistaasequence{Qn(t,ω)}ofrandompolynomialssuchthatwehavealmostsurely:fort[0,+∞)or(-∞,+∞),lim↑n→+∞|X(t,ω)-Qn(t,ω)|/F(t)=0.