简介：Eelfamilyisahugeone,inwhichmanykindsofeelsespeciallysomemigratoryeels,bearstrongresemblancetoeachother,andarethereforedifficulttobeidentified.Inthisstudy29randomprimerswereusedtomakeRAPDanalysisforJapaneseseel(Anguillajaponica),Europeaneel(Anguillaanguilla)andPikeeel(Muraenesoxcinereus).Andtotally299fragmentswerecounted.Sharedorspecificfragmentswerecountedandgeneticsimilarityorgeneticdistancewerecalculated.ThegeneticsimilaritybetweenJapaneseeelandPikeeelis0.68andthegeneticdistancebetweenthemis0.32;thosebetweenEuropeaneelandPikeeelare0.72and0.28respectively,andbetweenJapaneseeelandEuropeaneelare0.74and0.25respectively.Themethodhasbeenshowntobesuitabletomolecularidentificationofeels.Itprovidesanalternativeapproachtodeterminetherelationshipbetweenspecies.

简介：极端宽带(UWB)要求的高速度的高分辨率的analog-to-digital(A/D)变换信号处理是一个很挑战性的问题。这份报纸为UWB信号获得建议一个平行随机的设计方法。建议方法能完成高采样率，高决定和硬件实现的技术可行性。在建议方法，一个模拟UWB信号在一套随机的符号函数上被投射。然后，低率的高分辨率的analog-to-digital变流器(模数转换器)被用来取样设计系数。信号能被简单线性计算与采样矩阵重建，没有遵循优化算法和优先的知识。在另外的方面，不同其它走近那需要在极其高的频率利用精确时间移动，或设计一个混合过滤器银行，或与优先的知识为信号产生特定的基础功能或工作，建议方法是一条通用采样途径并且对容易适用。到噪音比率(SNR)和假免费的动态范围(SFDR)的信号的模拟结果为UWB信号获得验证建议方法的效率。

简介：Empiricallikelihood(EL)combinedwithestimatingequations(EE)providesamodernsemi-parametricalternativetoclassicalestimationtechniquessuchasmaximumlikelihoodestimation(MLE).ThispapernotonlyusesclosedformofconditionalexpectationandconditionalvarianceofLogisticequationwithrandomperturbationtoperformmaximumempiricallikelihoodestimation(MELE)forthemodelparameters,butalsoproposesanempiricallikelihoodratiostatistic(ELRS)forhypothesesconcerningtheinterestingparameter.MonteCarlosimulationresultsshowthatMELEandELRSprovidecompetitiveperformancetoparametricalternatives.

简介：Thetailprobabilityinequalitiesforthesumofindependentunboundedrandomvariablesonaprobabilityspace(Ω,T,P)werestudiedandanewmethodwasproposedtotreatthesumofindependentunboundedrandomvariablesbytruncatingtheoriginalprobabilityspace(Ω,T,P).Theprobabilityexponentialinequalitiesforsumsofindependentunboundedrandomvariablesweregiven.Asapplicationsoftheresults,someinterestingexamplesweregiven.Theexamplesshowthatthemethodproposedinthepaperandtheresultsofthepaperarequiteusefulinthestudyofthelargesamplepropertiesofthesumsofindependentunboundedrandomvariables.

简介：我们考虑随机的表面diffeomorphisms的两方面的作文产生的随机的系统，和一项各态历经的Borel概率措施)X，让D(na)是它样品措施的尺寸，，然后，我们证明联系Z>(/xffl)到熵和随机的系统的Lyapunov代表的一个公式D{我一)是暗淡的唔，暗淡公克，或dimBlm。

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简介：让X，X_1，X_2，…是i。i。d。有EX~的随机的变量(2+δ)<∞(为某δ>0)。认为一个维的随机的散步S是={S_n}_(n≥0)，从S_0=开始0。让ξ~*(n)=sup_(x∈z)ξ(x，n)，ξ(x，n)=#{0≤k≤n[S_k]=x}。ξ~的强壮的近似*到维纳过程的本地时间的(n)被介绍，最大的本地人的重申的对数的limsup类型和liminf类型法律预定ξ~*(n)被获得。而且，在ξ~的重申的对数的法律的精确asymptotics*(n)被证明。

简介：Volterraseriesisapowerfulmathematicaltoolfornonlinearsystemanalysis,andthereisawiderangeofnonlinearengineeringsystemsandstructuresthatcanberepresentedbyaVolterraseriesmodel.Inthepresentstudy,therandomvibrationofnonlinearsystemsisinvestigatedusingVolterraseries.Analyticalexpressionswerederivedforthecalculationoftheoutputpowerspectraldensity（PSD）andinput-outputcross-PSDfornonlinearsystemssubjectedtoGaussianexcitation.Basedontheseexpressions,itwasrevealedthatboththeoutputPSDandtheinput-outputcrossPSDcanbeexpressedaspolynomialfunctionsofthenonlinearcharacteristicparametersortheinputintensity.Numericalstudieswerecarriedouttoverifythetheoreticalanalysisresultandtodemonstratetheeffectivenessofthederivedrelationship.TheresultsreachedinthisstudyareofsignificancetotheanalysisanddesignofthenonlinearengineeringsystemsandstructureswhichcanberepresentedbyaVolterraseriesmodel.

简介：Thispaperisconcernedwiththeoptimallinearestimationproblemforlineardiscrete-timestochasticsystemswithrandommeasurementdelays.Anewmodelthatdescribestherandomdelaysisconstructedwherepossiblethelargestdelayisbounded.Basedonthisnewmodel,theoptimallinearestimatorsincludingfilter,predictorandsmootheraredevelopedviaaninnovationanalysisapproach.TheestimatorsarerecursivelycomputedintermsofthesolutionsofaRiccatidifferenceequationandaLyapunovdif...

简介：Multi-directionalirregularwavesaresimulatedonthebasisofthegivendirectionalspectrumusingadoublesummationmodel,asingledirectionperfrequencymodelandasinglesummationmodel.Theirresultsarecompared.Itisshownthatthesingledirectionperfrequencymodelproposedinthispapercangeneratearealisticwavefield.Theeffectsofthemodelparametersonthesimulatedresultsarealsostudiedinthispaperandcorrespondingsuggestionsaregiven.

简介：Climatechangehasposedagreatriskandtreatstoglobalenvironment.Toaddresstheproblem,internationalcommunityresortstocarbonemissionreduction,andmanycountrieshaveimplementedafforestationandreforestationprojectunderCleanDevelopmentMechanism.Chinastartedtheresearchandhasdoneagreatloadofworksonforestcarbontradeasearlyastheyearof2002tocontributetothecarbonemissionreduction.ThispaperintroducestheimplementationofforestcarbontradeinHeyuanCity,Guan...

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简介：Background:Europeanforestsareconsideredacrucialresourceforsupplyingbiomasstoagrowingbio-economyinEurope.ThisstudyaimedtoassessthepotentialavailabilityofforestbiomassfromEuropeanforestsanditsspatialdistribution.Wetriedtoanswerthequestions(i)howisthepotentialforestbiomassavailabilityspatiallydistributedacrossEuropeand(ii)wherearehotspotsofpotentialforestbiomassavailabilitylocated?Methods:Thespatialdistributionofwoodybiomasspotentialswasassessedfor2020forstemwood,residues(branchesandharvestlosses)andstumpsfor39Europeancountries.UsingtheEuropeanForestInformationSCENario(EFISCEN)modelandinternationalforeststatistics,weestimatedthetheoreticalamountofbiomassthatcouldbeavailablebasedonthecurrentandfuturedevelopmentoftheforestage-structure,growingstockandincrementandforestmanagementregimes.Wecombinedtheseestimateswithasetofenvironmental(siteproductivity,soilandwaterprotectionandbiodiversityprotection)andtechnical(recoveryrate,soilbearingcapacity)constraints,whichreducedtheamountofwoodybiomassthatcouldpotentiallybeavailable.Wemappedthepotentialbiomassavailabilityatthelevelofadministrativeunitsandatthe10km×10kmgridleveltogaininsightintothespatialdistributionofthewoodybiomasspotentials.Results:Accordingtoourresults,thetotalavailabilityofforestbiomassrangesbetween357and551Tgdrymatterperyear.ThelargestpotentialsupplyofwoodybiomassperunitoflandcanbefoundinnorthernEurope(southernFinlandandSweden,EstoniaandLatvia),centralEurope(Austria,CzechRepublic,andsouthernGermany),Slovenia,southwestFranceandPortugal.However,largepartsofthesepotentialsarealreadyusedtoproducematerialsandenergy.Thedistributionofbiomasspotentialsthatarecurrentlyunusedonlypartiallycoincideswithregionsthatcurrentlyhavehighlevelsofwoodproduction.Conclusions:Ourstudyshowshowthefo

简介：Currentaccountingstandardsandsystemsdonotincludetheaccountingofforestecologicalassets.Withtheincreasingattentionthatpeoplepaytoforestecologicalissuesandtheneedsforaccountinginformationdisclosure,itsvalueaccountinghasbecomeaforefrontissueandhottopicintheaccountingprofession.Theprofoundissuesaboutitsparticularities,accountingrecognitionandmeasurementsaretobesolved.Basedontheanalysisofthefeaturesofforestecologicalassetsanditsimpactsonaccountingrecognitionandmeasurement,thispaperproposesthataccountingrecognitionshouldbebasedontheappraisalandafairvaluemodelissuggestedforinitialandfurthermeasurementofforestecologicalassets.Forthefairvaluemeasurement,theappraisaltechniquesofnon-marketvaluesshouldbegivenmoreconsideration.Anditsvalueappraisalmethodsshouldrefertotheexistingmatureecologicaleconomicorenvironmentaleconomicappraisalmethods.

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简介：EstablishedbytheformerMinistryofForestryin1986,DagangshanForestEcosystemResearchStationisoneofthe14nationalkeysitesinthefieldofecosystemresearch.Inthispaper,thebasicsituationofDagangshanForestEcosystemStationisdescribed,includinggeographiclocation,naturalconditions,biologicalresources,researchconditions,instruments,achievement,prospectsetc.

简介：Ectomycorrhizae(ECM)isbecomingtheresearchhotspotbecauseitcanimproveplantnutrientcyclingandstorageandstrengthenplantresistancetoadversityanddisease.ItiswellknownthatECMcanenhanceplantresistancetosoil-borneandstemdiseases.Themechanismsmainlyinclude:planttenderrootswillbeprotectedwellbysheath;ECMcanfacilitateuptakeandtransportcapacityofnutritionandwatertorootsandincreaseplantsvigor;ECMcancontrolorblockpathogenstoinvadetrees;ECMcanactivateresistance-relatedenzymesofthehosts;italsocanformrhizospheremicrobialcolonyandestablishroot-rhizospheremicro-ecologicalenvironment.Somycorrhizaltechnologyhasbecomeoneofthemostimportantmethodsofecologicalcontrolandbiologicalcontrolofplantdiseases.ThispapersummarizestheapplicationanddevelopmentofECMinforestdiseasecontrolandalsoraisessomeideasontheirtheoryandapplicationresearchesinthefuture.

简介：ElevenspeciesofalieninvasiveforestinsectpestshavebeenfoundsincetheearlytimethatinsectspecieshadbeentakenrecordedinChina.Theirorigins,inlanddistribution,invasivetime,hosts,causingdamagearerecordedinthispaperfortheevidenceofbiologicalinvasion.Theircontrolmethodsarealsostudiedordiscussed.