简介:ChristyBrown,thecelebratedpainterandwriter,overcamethedifficultiesofbeingbornwithcerebralpalsybyusinghisleftfoot,theonlypartofhisbodywhichhecouldusewithrealcontrol.InthisstoryyouwillbecomparingtheopeningofChristy'sautobiographicalnovelwithascenefromthesuccessfulfilmofhisearlylife,“MyLeftFoot”.
简介:AVillageattheFootofMt.MeliZHOUZHENGSkirtedbytheLan-cangjiangandNu-jiangriv-ers,MeliMountainstandsma-jesticallyattheborderbetw...
简介:Theoccurrenceanddevelopmentofmicrosurgicaltechniqueisoneofthemostwonderfulmedicalachievementsinthetwentiethcentury.Byassistanceofopticsystem,ithassuccessfullymadesurgeryfrommacroscopicfieldintomicrocosmicworldandevidentlybroadenedtheappliedscopeofsurgicaltechnique.Themicrosurgicaltechniquehasalsomadesurgerymoreaccurate.Nowithasbeenusedmostwidelyinthereparativeandreconstructivesurgeryandalmostleavesnothingtobedesiredinsmallvascularanastomosis.Microsurgeryhasgreatlyextendedthescopeanddepthofthereparativeandreconstructivesurgeryandmademanyaccurateoperationswhichwereneverproceededtocometruebefore.Manynewsubjectsthereforehavebeenformedforthisreason.
简介:Themodulationandcontrolofgecko'sfootmovementswerestudiedelectrophysiologicallyinordertodesignthemotorcontrolsystemofagecko-mimicrobot.Inthisstudy(1)theanatomyoftheperipheralnervescontrollingthegecko'sfootmovementswasdetermined;(2)therelationshipbetweenthelimbnervesofthegeckoanditsfootmotorpatternswasstudied;(3)theafferentimpulsesofthenervesevokedbyrubbingthegecko'stoesandpalmwererecorded;(4)copyingthenaturalpatternsofmovementofthegecko'sfoot(abduction,adduction,flexion,andrevolution)anditslimbnervemodulationandcontrolmechanism,thenerveswerestimulatedundercomputercontrol,andtheresultsrecordedbyCCD.Resultssuggestthatgecko'sfootmovementscanbesuccessfullycontrolledbyartificialelectricalsignals.
简介:Reliablecomputationalfootmodelsofferanalternativemeanstoenhanceknowledgeonthebiomechanicsofhumanfoot.Modelvalidationisoneofthemostcriticalaspectsoftheentirefootmodelingandanalysisprocess.Thispaperpresentsaninvivoexperimentcombiningmotioncapturesystemandplantarpressuremeasureplatformtovalidateathree-dimensionalfiniteelementmodelofhumanfoot.TheMagneticResonanceImaging(MRI)slicesforthefootmodelingandtheexperimentaldataforvalidationwerebothcollectedfromthesamevolunteersubject.Thevalidatedcomponentsincludedthecomparisonofstaticmodelpredictionsofplantarforce,plantarpressureandfootsurfacedeformationduringsixloadingconditions,toequivalentmeasureddata.Duringthewholeexperiment,footsurfacedeformation,plantarforceandplantarpressurewererecordedsimultaneouslyduringsixdifferentloadedstandingconditions.ThepredictionsofthecurrentFEmodelwereingoodagreementwiththeseexperimentalresults.
简介:Thehumanfootisaverycomplexstructurecomprisingnumerousbones,muscles,ligamentsandsynovialjoints.Astheonlycomponentincontactwiththeground,thefootcomplexdeliversavarietyofbiomechanicalfunctionsduringhumanlocomotion,e.g.bodysupportandpropulsion,stabilitymaintenanceandimpactabsorption.Theseneedthehumanfoottoberigidanddampedtotransmitgroundreactionforcestotheupperbodyandmaintainbodystability,andalsotobecompliantandresilienttomoderateriskyimpactsandsaveenergy.Howdoesthehumanfootachievetheseapparentconflictingfunctions?Inthisstudy,weproposeaphase-dependenthypothesisfortheoveralllocomotorfunctionsofthehumanfootcomplexbasedonin-vivomeasurementsofhumannaturalgaitandsimulationresultsofamathematicalfootmodel.Wepropsethatfootfunctionsarehighlydependentongaitphase,whichisamajorcharacteristicsofhumanlocomotion.Inearlystancejustafterheelstrike,thefootmainlyworksasashockabsorberbymoderatinghighimpactsusingtheviscouselasticheelpadinbothverticalandhorizontaldirections.Inmid-stancephase(~80%ofstancephase),thefootcomplexcanbeconsideredasaspringyrocker,reservingexternalmechanicalworkusingthefootarchwhilstmovinggroundcontactpointforwardalongacurvedpathtomaintainbodystability.Inlatestanceafterheeloff,thefootcomplexmainlyservesasaforcemodulatorlikeagearbox,modulatingeffectivemechanicaladvantagesofankleplantiflexormusclesusingmetatarsal-phalangealjoints.Asoundunderstandingofhowdiversefunctionsareimplementedinasimplefootsegmentduringhumanlocomotionmightbeusefultogaininsightintotheoverallfootlocomotorfunctionsandhencetofacilitateclinicaldiagnosis,rehabilitationproductdesignandhumanoidrobotdevelopment.
简介:Background:Thisprospectivestudyexploredtheeffectsofendurancerunning(ER)inminimalversusstandardrunningshoesonthefoot'ssuperficiallayerintrinsicmusclesandthefunctionofthelongitudinalarch.Ourhypothesiswasthatrunninginminimalshoeswouldcausehypertrophyinthesemusclesandleadtohigher,stronger,stifferarches.Methods:Thehypothesiswastestedusingasampleof33healthyrunnersrandomizedintotwogroups,acontrolgroupshodintraditionalrunningfootwearandanexperimentalgroupshodinminimalsupportfootwear,whosefeetwerescannedinanMRIbeforeandaftera12-weektrainingregime.Runningkinematicsaswellasarchstiffnessandheightwerealsoassessedbeforeandafterthetreatmentperiod.Results:Analysisofanatomicalcross-sectionalareasandmusclevolumesindicatethattheflexordigitommbrevismusclebecamelargerinbothgroupsby11%and21%,respectively,butonlytheminimallyshodrunnershadsignificantarealandvolumetricincreasesoftheabductordigitiminimiof18%and22%,respectively,andsignificantlyincreasedlongitudinalarchstiffness(60%).Conclusion:Theseresultssuggestthatendurancerunninginminimalsupportfootwearwith4mmoffsetorlessmakesgreateruseofthespringlikefunctionofthelongitudinalarch,thusleadingtogreaterdemandsontheintrinsicmusclesthatsupportthearch,therebystrengtheningthefoot.
简介:SometribologicalbehaviorbetweenmatureGampsocleisgratiosafootpadsandverticalflatsofdifferentmaterialswerestudiedinthiswork.stereomieroscope(SMS)andscanningelectronmicroscope(SEM)wereusedtomeasurethemorphologyoftheGampsocleisgratiosafootpads.Anatomicforcemicroscope(AFM)wasusedtomeasurethemorphologiesofthesurfacesofglassandawalldopedwithcalciumcarbonatematerial.TheattachingbehaviorofGampsocleisgratiosafeetonthetwoverticalsurfaceswasobserved.Theattachingforce(perpendiculartotheverticalsurface)andthestaticfrictionalforce(alongthedirectionofgravitation)ofGampsocleisgratiosafootpadsonaverticalglassweremeasured.Itwasshownthattheaverageattachingforceis50.59mNandthestaticfrictionalforceis259.10mN.ThephysicalmodelsoftheattachinginterfacebetweenGampsocleisgratiosafootpadsandthetwoverticalsurfaceswereproposed.Itwasobservedthatthefootpadsaresmoothinmacroscale;however,thepadsurfaceiscomposedbyapproximatehexagonalunitswithsizesof3μmto7μminmicroscale;theadjacentunitsareseparatedbynanoscalegrooves.TheObservationsshowedthattheGampsocleisgratiosacannotclimbtheverticalcalciumcarbonatewall;incontrast,theycaneasilyclimbtheverticalglasssurface.Basedonthefeaturesofthegeometricalmorphologiesofthefootpadsandtheglasssurface,wespeculatethattheattachingforceandstrongstaticfrictionalforceareattributedtotheinterinlaysbetweenthedeformableGampsocleisgratiosafootpadsandthenanoscalesharptipsoftheglasssurface.
简介:AbstractPurpose:Common peroneal nerve palsy is quite disabling and every effort should be made to prevent its injury during the treatment.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the prospectively collected data of 7 cases of tibial plateau fractures in association with proximal fibula fracture from January 2019 to September 2019 who presented to emergency room of our hospital.Results:In addition to fibular neck fracture, the first case had type 6 tibial plateau displaced fracture and the second case had displaced acetabular fracture with instability of knee with tibial tuberosity avulsion. common peroneal nerve palsy developed following application of distal tibial skeletal traction in both the cases. Other 6 such cases remained neurologically intact as traction was not applied to them.Conclusion:Such iatrogenic complication could have been prevented if the injury pattern of "concomitant medial and lateral columns" of the proximal leg is kept in mind by the treating surgeon before applying skeletal traction.
简介:Thepaperbuildsamulti-rigid-bodymodelofhumanwitha4-rigid-bodyfootinthe3DCADsoftwareSolidworks,basedonhumananatomy.Bycontrollingtherotationoftheankleandmajorjointsofhumanbodywhilewalking,theKinematicsimulationwasperformedinthedynamicssimulationsoftwareADAMS.Thepaperanalyzesthesimulateresultsandpointsoutdeficienciesinthecurrentworkandthedirectionofresearcheffortsinfuture.
简介:Inthepresentpaper,thegroundreactionforce(GRF)actingonfootinslowsquatwasdeterminedthroughaforcemeasuringsystem,andatthesametime,thekinematicdataofhumansquatwereobtainedbyanalyzingthephotographedimagesequences.Accordingtotheheightandbodyweight,sixhealthyvolunteerswereselected,threemeninonegroupandtheotherthreewomeninanothergroup,andthefundamentalparametersofsubjectswererecorded,includingbodyweight,heightandage,etc.Basedontheanatomycharacteristics,somemarkerswereplacedontherightsideofjoints.Whilethesubjectsquattedatslowspeedontheforceplatform,thegroundreactionforcesontheforefootandheelforeachfootwereobtainedthroughcalibratedforceplatform.Theanalysisresultsshowthatthereactionforceonheelisgreaterthanthatonforefoot,anddoublefeethavenearlyconstantforce.Moreover,fromprocessingandanalyzingthesynchronouslyphotographedimagesequencesinsquat,thekinematicdataofhumansquatwereacquired,includingmainlythecurvesofangle,angularvelocityandangularaccelerationvariedwithtimeforknee,hipandanklejointsinasagittalplane.Theobtainedresultscanofferinstructivereferenceforphotographingandanalyzingthemovementsofhumanbodies,diagnosingsomediseases,andestablishinginthefutureappropriatemathematicalmodelsforthehumanmotion.
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简介:Background:Previousstudiesoffootstrikepatternsofdistancerunnersinroadraceshavetypicallyfoundthattheoverwhelmingmajorityofshodrunnersinitiallycontactthegroundontherearfoot.However,noneofthesestudieshasattemptedtoquantifyfootstrikepatternsofbarefootorminimallyshodrunners.Thisstudyclassifiesfootstrikepatternsofbarefootandminimallyshodrunnersinarecreationalroadrace.Methods:High-speedvideofootagewasobtainedof169barefootand42minimallyshoddistancerunnersatthe2011NewYorkCityBarefootRun.Footstrikepatternswereclassifiedforeachrunner,andfrequenciesofforefoot,midfoot,andrearfootstrikingwerecomparedbetweenthebarefootandminimallyshodgroups.Results:Atotalof59.2%ofbarefootrunnerswereforefootstrikers,20.1%weremidfootstrikers,and20.7%wererearfootstrikers.Forminimallyshodrunners,33.3%wereforefootstrikers,19.1%weremidfootstrikers,and47.6%wererearfootstrikers.Footstrikedistributionsforbarefootandminimallyshodrunnersweresignificantlydifferentbothfromoneanotherandfrompreviouslyreportedfootstrikedistributionsofshodroadracers.Conclusion:Footstrikepatternsdifferbetweenbarefootandminimallyshodrunners,withforefootstrikingbeingmorecommon,andrearfootstrikinglesscommoninthebarefootgroup.
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简介:GrandpaQin,now74,hasreturnedtowherehehadlivedformorethansixdecadesinthecompanyofhisdaughter.Infrontofhim,theolddilapidatedsceneshavealldisappeared.Theformernine1.9-meter-widelaneshavebecome12six-meter-wideroads.Theformercrowdedcourtyards,11stairsdownthelanes,havecompletelychangedtheiroutlook.TheonlythingsthatseemtohavenotchangedaretheoldBeijingstyleofbluetilesandgraybricksandtheimperialcitywallsnearbythatarethewitnessestoallthesechanges.GrandpaQinisamongthe300householdswhohavereturnedaftertherebuildingprojectwascompleted.Qin’sfamilylivedintheNanchizicommunityforfivegenerations.Thebig