简介：稳固的墙上的表成穴的开始的预言被认出了很困难，自从它被边界层流动显著地影响特征，免费原子核的人口，原子核控制了墙粗糙，在液体的溶解空气的数量等等。开始怎么被水质量和背景流动的条件影响，足够地没被弄明白特征。在这研究，高从免费原子核加速表洞的开始的观察被进行为一二维会聚--分叉的嘴流动，表洞在此就嘴喉咙下游地形成。表成穴的开始进程上的溶解空气和免费的流速度的数量的效果被检验。另外，水泡原子核密度，众所周知是为成穴开始的重要因素，被在隧道安装的过滤器消极地控制。从观察，原子核数字密度显著地影响表洞而非另外的二个参数的形成，这被证实。在与大原子核数字调节密度，表洞不形成，并且冒泡的成穴相反出现。在有小原子核数字密度的情况中，表洞从一个单个流动原子核形成并且streamwisely并且spanwisely发展。处于有中等原子核数字密度的条件，表洞也形成，但是是shorter/更狭窄的streamwisely/spanwisely，由于流动在形成的表洞附近的另外的原子核的相互作用。

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简介：AbstractThe repair of bone defects, especially for the large segment of bone defects, has always been an urgent problem in orthopedic clinic and attracted researchers’ attention. Nowadays, the application of tissue engineering bone in the repair of bone defects has become the research hotspot. With the rapid development of tissue engineering, the novel and functional scaffold materials for bone repair have emerged. In this review, we have summarized the multi-functional roles of osteoclasts in bone remodeling. The development of matrix-based tissue engineering bone has laid a theoretical foundation for further investigation about the novel bone regeneration materials which could perform high bioactivity. From the point of view on preserving pre-osteoclasts and targeting mature osteoclasts, this review introduced the novel matrix-based tissue engineering bone based on osteoclasts in the field of bone tissue engineering, which provides a potential direction for the development of novel scaffold materials for the treatment of bone defects.

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简介：Withthedevelopmentofbiomedicalengineering,thethermophysicalpropertiesoftheorgansandtissuesoflivinganimalsbecomeessential.However,becausetheytendtobeofirregularshapes,limitedsizesandwithlowintensityinnerheatsource,themeasuringofthethermophysicalpropertiesoftheorgansandtissuesoflivingan-imalsismuchmoredifficult.

简介：FastPlant(Brassicarapa,Cruciferae)leaftissuefixedinglutaraldehyde-acroleinandpost-fixedinos-mium,wasexaminedforresponsetoseveraleasily-preparedheavymetalstains.Leadanduranium,separatelyandincombination,gavetypicalresultsacrossthespectrumofcellorganellets.Asasinglestainfollowingosmium,bismuthproducedimagesseeminglyequivalenttoleadanduranium.Phosphotungsticacidproducedverygoodmembranedelineationbutproducedawashed-outbackgroundimagesimilartothatfromleadstaining.Carbohydratecompoundswereespeciallyresponsivetoruthenium;thecytoplasmandthematrixofallorganelleswerealsostainedverywell.Theprocedureswerenomoredemandingthantraditionalstainingmethodsandmaybeeasilyusedinresearchandteaching.FastPlantmaterialsareareliable,quickandeasysourceoflivingmaterial.

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简介：Objective:AnovelPVA-CaAlgcompositematerialbypolyvinylalcohol(PVA)andsodiumalginate(SA)wasfabricatedtoinvestigatethefeasibilityservingasascaffoldfortissueengineeringandtofindoutthemostidealproportionaccordingtotheirproperties.Methods:Film,graininessandspongescaffoldsofPVA-CaAlgwerefabricatedbythreedifferentmethods.Watercontentandswellingratioweretested.SEMwasusedtoobservetheconfigurationofthecrosssection.Results:DifferentproportionalscaffoldscouldbeobtainedwithdifferentPVAmolecularweight,alcoholysisdegreeanddifferentSAdosages.Thewatercontentofdifferentscaffoldsrangedfrom48%to93%andshoweddifferentinnerconfigurationwithswellingratiobetween120%and470%.SEMprovedthatdifferentcompositematerialshaddifferentporousstructures.Conclusion:AscaffoldfortissueengineeringwithhighwatercontentandproperswellingratiocanbefabricatedusingPVAandSA.Theporousstructureshowspotentialintissueengineeringandcellculture.

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简介：Inordertoselectasuitablegenotypeforthestudiesongenetictransformation,thedifferenceamongthreegenotypes(DN04-18,DN04-25andDN04-26)ofPopulus×euramericana(Populusdeltoides×P.nigra)intermsofshootregenerationwasinvestigatedinthispaper.AnefficientinvitromicropropagationmethodwassuccessfullyestablishedforgenotypeDN04-18.Thehighfrequencyshootregeneration(90.0%)fromleafdiscswasobtainedingenotypeDN04-18onthemodifiedMurashigeandSkoog(mMS)mediumw...

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简介：Objective:Tostudytheanti-inflammatoryactivityandtissuedistributionpatternsofintravenousemulsionofdexamethasoneacetateinmice.Methods:Theanti-inflammatorysolutionforinjectionandLimethasone(Jepaneseproduct)givenintravenouslywereevaluatedbyusingthepreformedcarrageenangranulomapouchmethodinrats.Results:Theanti-inflammatoryactivityofdexamethasoneacetateemulsionatlowdoseof0.05mg.kg1wasaspotentasdexamethasonesodiumphosphatesolutionathighdoseof0.3mg.kg1.Thedistributionpatternsinmicetissuesof[^3H]dexamethasoneacetateemulsionand[^3H]dexamethasonesodiumphosphatesolutioninmiceweremarkedlydifferent.Dexamethasoneacetateemulsionshowedamuchhigherconcentrationintheliver,spleen,lung,andinflamedtissues,whereasdexamethasonesodiumphosphatehadahighconcenti,moninthemusclesofvastuslateralis.Theseresultsmayindicatethatdexamethasoneincoporatedinlipidemulsionwastakenupbythereticuloendothelialsystemandinflammatorycellsmuchmorethandexamethasonesodiumphosphatesolution.Conclusion:Whendexamethasoneacetatewasincorporatedinemulsion,thedistributionpatternsintissueswerechangedandtheyhadastrongeranti-inflammatoryactivity.

简介：GABAtransporter1(GAT1)takesimportantrolesinmultiplephysiologicalprocessesthroughtheuptakeandreleaseofGABA,buttheregulationofGAT1geneexpressionindifferenttissuesisrarelyknown.Toaddressthequestion,first,5'RapidamplificationofcDNAend(RACE)wasusedtodetermineGAT1transcriptionalstartingsitesinneonatalmousecerebralcortexandintestine,adultmousebrainandadultrattestis.Theproductsof5'RACEwereconfirmedbyDNAsequencing.WefoundthatthetranscriptofGAT1inneonatalmousecerebralcortexandadultmousebrainstartsatthesamesite(insideofexon1),whileinmouseintestine,GAT1startstranscriptioninintron1,andinrattestis,thetranscriptofGAT1hasanadditionaluntranslationexontothe5'direction.

简介：FastPlant(Brassicarapa,Cruciferae)leaftissuefixedinglutaradehyde-acroleinandpost-fixedinosmium,wasexaminedforresponsetoseveraleasilypreparedheavymetalstains.Leadanduranium,separatelyandincombination,gavetypicalresultsacrossthespectrumofcellorgeanelles.Asssinglestainfollowingosmium,bismuthproducedimagesseeminglyequivalenttoleadanduranium.Phosphotungsticacidproducedverygoodmembranedelineationbutproducedawashed-outbackgroundimagesimilartothatfromleadstaining.Carbohydratecompoundswereespeciallyresponsivetoruthenium;thecytoplasmandthematrixofallorganelleswerealsostainedverywell.Theprocedureswerenomoredemandingthantraditionalstainingmethodsandmaybeeasilyusedinresearchandteaching.FastPlantmaterialsareareliable,quicknandeasysourceoflivingmaterial.

简介：Objective:Tostudythechangesofthrombomodulin(TM)inbothplasmaandtissueextractsofcancerpatientsforevaluatingitsclinicalsignificance.Methods:PlasmaTMlevelsweremeasuredbyenzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassay(ELISA)inbothplasmaof188cancerpatientsand24cancertissueextractsincludingtheiradjacentnon-cancertissues.Results:TheplasmaTMlevelsbothincancerpatientsandinmetastasispatientsweresignificantlyhigherthanthatincontrols[(33.47±14.25)μg/L,(41.68±16.96)μg/L,vs(20.40±7.22)μg/L,P<0.01].TheplasmaTMlevelsincancerpatientsafteroperationdecreasedobviouslythanthatbeforeoperation[(18.45±9.96)μg/L,vs(28.29±11.74)μg/L,P<0.01],whereas,theplasmaTMlevelsinpatientswithrecurrenceandmetastasisafteroperationincreasedobviously[(34.50±12.57)μg/L].Amongthetypesofcancer,theplasmaTMlevelsinmetastasislungcancers,gastriccancersandpancreaticcancersweresignificantlyhigherthanthatinnon-metastasisrespectivecancers.Nosignificantdifferenceswerefoundbetweencontrolsandnon-metastasiscancersincludinggastriccancers,pancreaticcancers,nasopharyngealcancers,largeintestinecancersandlaryngealcancers(P>0.05).TheTMlevelsincancertissueextractsweresignificantlylowerthanthatintheiradjacentnon-cancertissueextracts[(647.71±317.51)μg/Lvs(1455.63±772.22)μg/L,P<0.01].Onthecontrary,theplasmaTMlevelsinthesecancersweresignificantlyhigherthanthatincontrols.Conclusion:TheriseofplasmaTMlevelsincancerpatientswasassociatedwithmetastasisanddiffusionofcancers.TheTMlevelscanbeservedasansensitiveindexforjudgingprogressionandmetastasisofcancers.

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