简介：Carboplatin,asecond-generationplatinumchemotherapeuticdrug,isconsiderablylessototoxicthancisplatin.Whilecommonlaboratoryspeciessuchasmice,guineapigsandratsarehighlyresistanttocarboplatinototoxicity,thechinchillastandsoutashighlysusceptible.Moreover,carboplatincausesanunusualgradientofcelldeathinchinchillas.ModeratedosesselectivelydamagetypeIspiralganglionneurons(SGN)andinnerhaircells(IHC)andthelesiontendstoberelativelyuniformalongthelengthofthecochlea.Higherdoseseventuallydamageouterhaircells(OHC),butthelesionfollowsthetraditionalgradientinwhichdamageismoresevereinthebasethantheapex.Whilecarboplatinototoxicityhasbeenwelldocumentedinadultanimalsinvivo,littleisknownaboutitsinvitrotoxicity.Toelucidatetheototoxiceffectsofcarboplatininvitro,wepreparedcochlearandvestibularorganotypicculturesfrompostnatalday3ratsandadultchinchillas.Chinchillacochlearandvestibularculturesweretreatedwithcarboplatinconcentrationsrangingfrom50μMto10mMfor48h.Consistentwithinvivodata,carboplatinselectivelydamagedIHCatlowconcentrations(50-100μM).Surprisingly,IHClossdecreasedathigherdosesandIHCwereintactatdosesexceeding500μM.Themechanismsunderlyingthisnonlinearresponseareunclearbutcouldberelatedtoadecreaseincarboplatinuptakeviaactivetransportmechanisms(e.g.,copper).Unlikethecochlea,thecarboplatindose-responsefunctionincreasedwithdosewiththehighestdosedestroyingallchinchillavestibularhaircells.Cochlearhaircellsandauditorynervefibersinratcochlearorganotypiccultureswereunaffectedbycarboplatinconcentrations<10μM;however,thedamageinOHCweremoreseverethanIHConcethedosereached100μM.Adoseat500μMdestroyedallthecochlearhaircells,buthaircelllossdecreasedathighconcentrationsandnearlyallthecochlearhaircellswerepresentatthehighestdose,5mM.Unlike

简介：ObjectiveTocharacterizemicroRNA(miRNA)expressionprofileinmicrodissectedauditoryepitheliafromtheCorti'sOrganinnewbornandadultrats.MethodsTheTaqManMicroRNAArrayswereusedtoidentifyexpressionofmicroRNAinthenewbornandadultgroups.GOanalysiswasappliedtoanalyzethemainfunctionofthedifferentialexpressiongenesaccordingtotheGeneOntologywhichisthekeyfunctionalclassificationofNCBI.Similarly,PathwayanalysiswasusedtofindoutthesignificantpathwayofthedifferentialgenesaccordingtoKEGG,BiocartaandReatome.ResultsIncreasedexpressionwasseenin16miRNAsinmatureratcomparedtonewbornrats,withincreasedfoldingrangingfrom17to600folds.Expressionlevelsin2miRNAswerereducedinmaturerats,namelyrno-miR-29candrno-miR-29a.Thehigh-enrichmentGOstargetedbyover-expressedmiRNAswerenegativeregulationofepithelialcelldifferentiation,common-partnerSMADproteinphosphorylation,mesenchymal-epithelialcellsignaling,regulationoftransforminggrowthfactorbeta2production,etc.FunctionalanalysisofmiRNAsbyKEGGrevealedthat19signaltransductionpathwayswereupregulatedand14weredownregulated.ConclusionsThedifferenceinmiRNAexpressionpatternsintheorganofCortibetweenneonatalandadultratsmaybecloselyrelatedtomaturationoftheorganofCortiandlossofproliferativecapacityofinnerearhaircells,andTGFβsignalingmayplayanimportantroleinhaircellsregeneration.

简介：Inarecentstudy,researcherstookadultfemaleFischerratsandperformedaspinalcordtransectionontheminanattempttostudythegrowthoftransplantedearly-stageneurons.Whensuchearly-stageneuronsweretransplantedintoratssufferingfromparalysis,remarkableaxonalgrowthwasobserved.Theresultwasmanynewrelaycircuitsthatformed,whichsignificantlyimprovedfunction,

简介：BackgroundRecentstudieshaveshowedthatperivascularadiposetissue(PVAT)maysecretetheadventitial-derivedrelaxingfactor(ADRF)toaffectvascularfunction.However,thefunctionalchangeofADRFinhypertensivestatusisseldomstudied;andthemechanismsofADRFremainunclear.OurstudyexaminedtheADRFsecretedbyperivascularadiposetissueofcontrolratswithnormalbloodpressure(WistarKyotorats,WKY)anddiscussedthemechanismsofADRF;WeobservedthefunctionalchangeinADRFofperivascularadiposetissueinspontaneouslyhypertensiverats(SHRs).MethodThetwoadjacentthoracicaortaringsofSHRandWKYratsweredividedintonakedvesselsubgroupandPVATsubgroup.Thedifferencesofvascularcontractilitybetweenthetwosubgroupsinducedby10-6mmol/Lphenylephrinewerecompared.TheeffectofPVATculturemediumofWKYonthevasculartensionofFat(-)vesselswasobservedbyliquidtransfermeasure.ThemechanismofADRFwasdeterminedbytooldrugs.ResultsInWKYgroup,vascularcontractilityofFat(+)subgroupwaslowerthanthatoftheFat(-)subgroup(P<0.05);whileinSHRgroup,therewasnodifferencebetweenthetwosubgroups(P>0.05).TransferringtheincubationsolutionofWKYFat(+)subgrouptothematchedFat(-)subgroupinducedrapidvasodilation.WhenincubatingbloodvesselsincalciumfreePSSsolution,therewasnosignificantdifferenceofphenylephrine-inducedvasoconstrictionbetweenFat(-)andFat(+)subgroup.Bothglibenclamide,theblockerofATP-sensitivepotassium(KATP)channelandTetraethy-lammoniumchloride(TEA),theinhibitorofcalcium-dependentpotassium(KCa)channel,effectivelyinhibitedvasodilationfunctionofADRF.ConclusionsPerivascularadiposetissueinWKYreleasesADRFwhichcancausevasodilation,whilethisfunctionwasinhibitedinSHR.ADRFactsthroughtheactivationofKCaandKATPchannelsandcalciumionisinvolved.

简介：BackgroundRecentresearcheshavefoundthatstainscanimproveacutemyocardialischemiareperfusioninjurywhichisachievedbyinhibitinginflammatoryreaction.Xuezhikangisextractedfromredrice,atailor-madeChinesecrudedrug.MaincomponentofXuezhikangthatcaninhibitblood-fatisstatins.MethodsFortyhealthySDrats(halfmaleandhalffemale,200gorso)wererandomlydividedintofourgroups:A:normalcontrol;B:shamoperation;C:MIRgroup;D:Xuezhikanggroup.Theacutemyocardialischemiareperfusioninjurymodelwasproduced.Infarctsizes,MYO,CK-MB,cTnI,IL-10andIL-18weredetectedafterreperfusion.ResultsComparedwithCandDgroup,inAandBgroup,infarctsizewereincreasedsignificantly(P<0.01),thelevelofserumMYO,CK-MB,cTnIwereincreasedsignificantly(P<0.01),thelevelofIL-10weredecreasedsignificantly(P<0.01)andIL-18,CRPwereincreasedsignificantly(P<0.01).ComparedwithCgroup,infarctsizeweredecreasedsignificantly(P<0.05),thelevelofserumMYO,CK-MBandcTnIwereincreasedsignificantly(P<0.05),thelevelofIL-10wereincreasedsignificantly(P<0.05)andIL-18weredecreasedsignificantly(P<0.05).ThelevelofIL-10andIL-18werenodifferencebetweenAandBgroup.ConclusionTheapplicationofXuezhikangcapsulesonratsbeforetheoperationofmyocardialischemiareperfusioncanlesseninflammatoryreactionandreduceinfarctsizesandprotectacutemyocardialischemiareperfusion.

简介：

简介：Pleurotussajorcaju(P。sajorcaju)，一朵可食、无毒的蘑菇，作为抗氧化剂被评估，antitumor，反煽动性并且antihypertensive活动。P。sajorcaju是糖类，饮食的纤维，必要氨基酸，矿物质，维生素B，folic酸和类固醇的好来源。反煽动性，immunomodulatory和止痛活动水并且P的菌丝体的methanolic摘录。sajorcaju被调查(数据没被显示出)。这发现建议那P提取。sajorcaju能对煽动性、自体免疫的疾病被使用。那么，P。为它的antiarthritic活动检验的sajorcaju。植物与水和甲醇镇定、独立提取。为antiarthritic活动500和1000mg