简介：Gatheringandusinge-evidenceintrans-bordercriminalinvestigationstillfacesmanychallengeswhichreflectstheefficiencyofcrimecounteraction.Ithasbeenlongtimeacommonconcernofthelegalcommunity.TheEuropeanUnionhasshowndeepinteresttotheissueandhasundertakencrucialmeasures.Recently,aproposalforaRegulationoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilonEuropeanProductionandPreservationOrders,forelectronicevidenceincriminalmatters,andaDirectiveoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncillayingdownharmonisedrulesontheappointmentoflegalrepresentativesforthepurposeofgatheringevidenceincriminalproceedingshavebeenlaunchedafterlongandthoroughpreparation.Throughthesespecifictools,theproposaltargetstheproblemcreatedbythevolatilenatureofelectronicevidenceanditsinternationaldimension.Itseekstoadaptcooperationmechanismstothedigitalage,givingthejudiciaryandlawenforcementtoolstoaddressthewaycriminalscommunicatetodayandtocountermodernformsofcriminality.Theproposalalsoaimstoimprovelegalcertaintyforauthorities,serviceproviders,andpersonsaffectedandtomaintainahighstandardforlawenforcementrequests,thusensuringprotectionoffundamentalrights,transparency,andaccountability.Italsospeedsuptheprocesstosecureandobtainelectronicevidencethatisstoredand/orheldbyserviceprovidersestablishedinanotherjurisdiction.Thisstudyoutlinesthebasicachievementsofthenewlyproposedregulation.

简介：Ramanspectroscopyisaversatiletoolwidelyusedforcomprehensiveprobingofcrystalinformation.However,generallywhenappliedinnarrow-band-gapvanderWaalscrystals,itisliabletoforma'bug,'especiallyintransition-metal-dichalcogenides(TMDs).Thatis,severalresonantRaman-scattering(RS)modeswillinevitablyappearintheRamanspectrawithstrongintensity,interferingwiththedesiredsignalofoptical-phononmodes.Here,weproposecross-sectionalpolarizedRamanscatteringcapableofregulatingtheintensityofRSmodesinaccordancewithquasi-sinusoidalrules.Typically,forMoS2andWS2,whenthepolarizationvectorofexcitedlightisalongthecaxisofthecrystal,allRSmodesarenearlycompletely'expunged'fromtheRamanspectra.ThemechanismisthattheabsorptionofmostTMDswithaspacegroupofR3mforthelightpolarizedalongthecaxisisinfinitesimal,thusformingasmallcouplingintensityofelectronicstatesexcitedopticallyandacoustic-phononmodesatpointM,whichinturnrestraintheappearanceofRSmodes.TheregulatingstrategyproposedcanbeappliedtoothervanderWaalscrystalssoastoobtainahighsignal-to-noiseratioRamanspectrum.

简介：Thehighpressureequationofstateforcarbonisconstructedbysomesimplephysicalmodels.Forsolidstate,amultiphaseequationofstateisconsidered,whichincludesfoursolidstates.Forliquidstate,theliquidperturbationtheoryofCRISmodelisused.Inthehightemperature,theelectroniccontributionisobtainedbytheionizationequilibriumtheory.Theresultofourcalculationbasedontheabovemodelsiscomparedwiththefirstprincipledensityfunctionalcalculationandtheothermodels.TheHugoniotandthephasediagramofcarbonarealsocomparedwiththeexperiments.Theresultsaresatisfactory.

简介：ThispaperanalyzesthegovernmentcontrolofbuildingenergyefficiencyinChinafromtheaspectsofpoliciesandregulations,technicalstandards,pilotdemonstrationprojectsandeconomicmeans,andexpoundsthecharacteristicsandproblemsofgovernmentregulationpracticeinChina.Itisfoundthatthegovernmentregulationofbuildingenergyconservationinourcountryhassomeproblems,suchasimperfectsystem,weakincentivepolicy,imperfectmanagementsystem,andthelackofpublicparticipation.Throughthedeepanalysisoftheexistingproblems,itispointedoutthatthefundamentalreasonforthepooroperationofChina’sbuildingenergyefficiencymarketliesinthelackofunderstandingofthebuildingenergyefficiencymarket,thelackofgovernmentadministrativefunctionsandtheweakconsciousnessofthemainbody.

简介：China’slandinstitutioncanbedefinedbroadlyornarrowly.Byexaminingthebroaddefinitionofthelandinstitution,wefoundthattherewereprerequisite,complementary,andsubstitutionalrelationshipsamongthevarioussystems.Theserelationshipswereverifiedthroughdiscussionofthestructuralevolutionofeachsystem.Basedontheserelationships,threemethodsforquantificationwereusedtomeasuretheregulationintensityandintra-provincialdifferencesineachsystemamong31provinces,municipalities,andautonomousregionsinChinain2014.Thestatisticsanalysisshowsthatprovincesusedtopursueoutstandingperformancesinlandinstitutionbutfewprovincescouldoutperformtheotherprovincesinalltypesofsystems.Thestatisticsresultsalsoindicatethattheprovinceswhichexecutedlandinstitutionearlieroftenholdsignificantadvantagesininstitutionalinnovationsbutitisstillnotclearwhethertheycanmaintaintheadvantages.ThisstudyrecommendsthattheChinesegovernmentshouldimprovetheoverallframeworkofregionallandinstitutionbasedonlandsystems’relationshipsandevolutionarypatterns.Furthermore,thegovernmentshouldoptimizethespatialdistributionofregionallandinstitutionbasedontheintra-provincialdifferencesinland-regulationintensity.

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简介：Inthispaper,aimingattheproblemsofinsufficientsoilnutrientsandhighsaltcontentinWudicoredemonstrationareaofBohaiGranary,amonitoringandmanagementsystemofwater,fertilizerandsaltinsaline-alkalinefarmlandbasedonWebGISwasestablishedinordertomonitorandcontrolwater,fertilizerandsalt.BasedontheWindows.NETplatform,usingB/SmodeofoperationarchitectureandVisualStudio2010asthesoftwaredevelopmentenvironment,therelatedcomponentsinArcGISEnginewereinvokedbyArcGISAPIforSilverlirht,andtheWEBsystemwasdevelopedbyC#andXMALlanguage.Basedontheprincipleofwater,fertilizerandsaltbalance,amonitoringmodelandaregulationmodelforwater,saltandnutrientswereestablished.Intelligentanalysisandapplicationoffarmlandsoildatawererealized,andaprecisionagriculturesystemwithdataquery,earlywarningdiagnosis,monitoringandcontrolofwater,fertilizerandsaltwasformed.Andthe'waterandsalthomologue,watersupplyduetodemand,adequateandmultiple'irrigationschemeandthesaltandalkalireductionschemeof'synergisticconditioningofagentsandnutrients'andanutrientregulationplanfor'stabilizingnitrogen,increasingphosphorus,supplementingpotassiumatthediscretion'and'quick-actingcombiningslowrelease'wereputforward.Comparedwiththeperiodwithoutmonitoringandcontrolofwaterandsalt,theeffectofwatersavingandfertilizersavingwasimproved,andtheyieldofwheatandmaizewasalsosignificantlyincreased.Itprovidedguidanceforlocaluserstoincreasecropproductionandincome,andgreatlyimprovedtheutilizationofresourcesandgrainproduction.

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简介：Thisarticleconsiders30provincesofChinaasthecross-sectionsubjects,andutilizesthedatasamplefrom2009to2015ofthesecross-sectionstoformulateaSpatialPanelDataDurbinModeltoanalyzetheeffectofenvironmentalregulationonemployment.Theresultindicatesthatenvironmentalregulationhasnegativeeffectonemploymentwiththeconsiderationofspatialspillovereffect,andthisadverseeffectisnotsignificantmathematically.Withtheenhanceofenvironmentalregulation,thenegativeimpactonemploymentwilldecreaseaccordingly,evenmayeventuallypromotejobgrowth,whichmeanstheremaybeanon-linearrelationshipbetweenthem.Specifically,thedirecteffectofenvironmentalregulationonemploymentindicatesthatitisbeneficialforjobgrowthwhereastheindirecteffectillustratethatitisdetrimentalforemployment.

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简介：Toestimatethelifetimeofpneumaticcylinderinmachinetool(orautomaticassemblyline),newreliabilitymethodologyforparametricacceleratedlifetesting(ALT)issuggested.ItconsistsofparametricALTplan,generalizedlife-stressfailuremodelwithaneweffortconcept,accelerationfactor,andsamplesizeequation.ThisnewparametricALTenablesanengineertoestimatethelifetimeofacommerciallypartsbyuncoveringthefailurethroughacceleratedtestingundersevereconditions.Asacasestudy,twocommercialproductsofthepneumaticcylinderinmachinetoolweretested.ForcompanyA,wefoundthehardeningandwearofpistonseallikethatoffieldatnormalconditions.Asincreasingthepressure,thepneumaticcylindersweretested.Basedontheacceleratedconditions—0.8MPaand1.2MPaat23℃,B1lifeat0.63MPaand23℃wasextrapolatedas2.39×10^6.Ontheotherhand,forcompanyB,wefoundtherodcapblockedbyslurrylikethoseoffieldsamples.Basedontheacceleratedconditions—0.8MPaand1.4MPaat23℃,B1lifeat0.63MPaand23℃wasextrapolatedas2.51×10^6.Comparingthemwithtestingdataatnormaluseconditions,weknewthattheestimationerrorforbothcompanieswaslessthan10%.

简介：Deepwatersedimentsarepronetolosscirculationindrillingduetoalowoverburdengradient.Howtopredictthemagnitudeofleak-offpressuremoreaccuratelyisanimportantissueintheprotectionofdrillingsafetyandthereductionofdrillingcostindeepwater.Startingfromthemechanicalpropertiesofashallowformationandbasedonthebasictheoryofrock-soilmechanics,thestressdistributionaroundaboreholewasanalyzed.Itwasfoundthattherockorsoilonaboreholeisintheplasticyieldstatebeforetheeffectivetensilestressisgenerated,andtheeffectivetangentialandverticalstressesincreaseasthedrillingfluiddensityincreases;thus,tensilefailurewillnotoccurontheboreholewall.Basedontheresultsofstresscalculation,twomechanismsandleak-offpressurepredictionmodelsforshallowsedimentsindeepwaterdrillingwereputforward,andthecalculatedvaluesofthesemodelswerecomparedwiththemeasuredvalueofshallowleak-offpressureinactualdrilling.TheresultsshowthattheMHPS(minimumhorizontalprinciplestress)modelandtheFIF(fracturinginformation)modelcanpredictthelowerandupperlimitsofleak-offpressure.ThePLC(permeablelostcirculation)modelcancomprehensivelyanalyzethefactorsinfluencingpermeableleakageandprovideatheoreticalbasisforleak-offpreventionandpluggingindeepwaterdrilling.

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