简介：ＡＮＣＩＥＮＴＲＥＬＩＧＩＯＮＩＮＣＨＩＮＡＡＮＤＴＨＥＷＥＳＴＣＯＭＰＡＲＥＤＲｏｂｅｒｔＬ．Ｃｈａｒｄ，ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｆｏｒＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＳｔｕｄｉｅｓ，ＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＯｘｆｏｒｄＲｅｌｉｇｉｏｎｉｎＣｈｉｎａｔａｋｅｓｖｅｒｙｄｉ...

简介：摘要ObjectivesTo investigate whether botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injection is more effective than radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy in reducing plantar flexor muscle spasticity in subjects with cerebral palsy.MethodsA total of 68 subjects with cerebral palsy were randomly allocated to BTX-A injection (Group 1) or radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (Group 2) (first experiment; E1). Outcome was evaluated using the Tardieu V1 and V3 stretches, at 3 weeks, 2 months (M2) and M3 after baseline. At M6 subjects in Group 1 received radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy and subjects in Group 2 received BTX-A injection (second experiment; E2); outcome was evaluated as in E1. Treatment success was defined as improvement in foot dorsiflexion ≥10° when performing the V3 stretch at M2 in both experiments.ResultsIn both experiments mean V1 and V3 significantly improved over time. In E1 both treatments resulted in similar treatment success. In E2 fewer subjects treated with BTX-A injection reached the criteria of treatment success than did subjects treated with radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy, which was due to a carry-over effect from E1. No significant complications were observed.ConclusionBTX-A injection is not superior to radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy in the treatment of plantar flexor muscle spasticity in subjects with cerebral palsy.

简介：Objective:Apreviousstudydemonstratedthatnon-anthracycline-containingdocetaxelpluscyclophosphamide(TC)regimenwasinferiortodocetaxel,anthracyclineandcyclophosphamide(TAC)inneoadjuvanttreatmentoftriple-negativebreastcancer(TNBC)andhumanepidermalgrowthfactorreceptor-2-(HER2)-positivebreastcancerinashort-termfollow-up.Herein,long-termfollow-upsurvivaloutcomeshavebeeninvestigated.Methods:TNBCorHER2-positivepatientswererandomizedtoreceive6cyclesofTCorTACneoadjuvanttreatment.Theprimaryendpointwaspathologicalcompleteremission(pCR).Secondaryendpointsincludedclinicalresponserate,event-freesurvival(EFS),andoverallsurvival(OS).Results:Acohortof96patientsconsistedof45inTCand51inTACarm.Withamedianfollow-upperiodof53(range,8–76)months,thepatientsachievingpCRpostneoadjuvantchemotherapyexhibitedsuperiorEFSandOSthanpatientswithoutpCR(P<0.05).TACtreatmentresultedinconsistentlybetterEFSthanTCtreatment:theestimated5-yearEFSwas66.1%vs.29.8%(P=0.002).Moreover,theestimated5-yearOSwasalsoinfavorofTAC:88.4%vs.51.6%(P<0.001).Multivariableanalysisdemonstratedthatthetreatmentregimenwasanindependentprognosticfactor,andpatientstreatedwithTAChadasuperiorEFS[hazardratio(HR),0.48;95%confidenceinterval(95%CI),0.26–0.90;P=0.021]andOS(HR,0.20;95%CI,0.08–0.60;P=0.003).Conclusions:Theupdatedlong-termfollow-updatademonstratedasustainedbenefitinEFSandOSfromanthracycline-containingTACtreatment,indicatingthatanthracyclineisanessentialandeffectivedruginthisclinicaltrial.

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简介：ＧＲＡＮＩＳＥＴＲＯＮＣＯＭＰＡＲＥＤＷＩＴＨＯＮＤＡＮＳＥＴＲＯＮＰＬＵＳＤＥＸＡＭＥＴＨＡＳＯＮＥＩＮＴＨＥＰＲＥＶＥＮＴＩＯＮＯＦＮＡＵＳＥＡＡＮＤＶＯＭＩＴＩＮＧＩＮＤＵＣＥＤＢＹＡＩＮＴＥＮＳＥＬＹＥＭＥＴＯＧＥＮＩＣＣＨＥＭＯＴＨＥＲＡＰ...

简介：陆地使用和陆地盖子变化(LULCC)强烈由联合生物化学、生物物理的过程影响地区性、全球的气候。然而，生物物理的过程经常被忽略，它可以抵消biogeochemical效果，因此到地址气候变化的措施不能到达目标。因此，LULCC的生物物理的影响为观察气候以后在过去和潜在的情形改变的理解是批评的。因此，鉴别气候上的大规模LULCC的机制和效果通过改变内在的表面变化是必要的，并且这样精力平衡。在必须被探讨包括的全球气候上理解人的活动的影响上的关键科学问题：(1)在中国和比较国家的LULCC的空间、时间的变化的基本科学事实是什么？(2)怎么理解联合在LULCC上然后到预报未来情形驾驶人的活动和气候变化的机制？(3)LULCC的科学机制是什么，在陆地表面，然后气候的生物物理的过程上影响吗？(4)怎么估计到气候的LULCC的贡献由影响土地的生物物理的过程变化出现？由国际比较，在本地、地区性、全球的规模的气候变化上的LULCC的影响被揭示并且评估。它能为全球变化提供理论基础，并且有大意义减轻并且适应全球气候变化。

简介：瞄准：为了为内视镜的超声(EUS)比较结果，指导了清楚的液体的排水有脓肿的结果的胰腺的pseudocysts排水。方法：所有病人参考了因为一个液体集合的内视镜的排水有希望地被包括。结果被记录。结果：总的来说26pseudocysts或脓肿在25被对待(6女性)病人。一endoscopist执行了过程。非感染的pseudocysts在15个病人是在场的，10个病人感染了液体集合。包囊尺寸在28厘米漠?桴?潢瑴敬之间变化了吗？

简介：HENDL2.0,thelatestversionofthehybridevaluatednucleardatalibrary,wasdevelopedbaseduponsomeevaluateddatafromFENDL2.1andENDF/B-Ⅶ.Toqualifyandvalidatetheworkinglibrary,anintegraltestfortheneutronproductiondataofHENDL2.0wasperformedwithaseriesofexistingsphericalshellbenchmarkexperiments(suchasV,Be,Fe,Pb,Cr,Mn,Cu,A1,Si,Co,Zr,Nb,Mo,WandTi).TheseexperimentsweresimulatednumericallyusingHENDL2.0/MGandahome-developedcodeVisualBUS.CalculationswereconductedwithbothFENDL2.1/MGandFENDL2.1/MC,whicharebasedonacontinuous-energyMonteCarloCodeMCNP/4C.Bycomparisonandanalysisoftheneutronleakagespectraandtheintegraltest,benchmarkresultsofneutronproductiondataarepresentedinthispaper.

简介：AbstractInterleukins (ILs) and associated cytokines serve as the means of communication for immune cells and non-immune cells. The use of ILs in harnessing the immune system to cancer treatment has been a promising approach. ILs not only nurture an environment enabling cancer growth but also simultaneously trigger a productive tumor-directed immune response. These properties of ILs are increasingly being explored as a strategy to improve the outcomes of cancer. Here, we describe recently innovative technological approaches that have been developed to improve the pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacies of IL-2, 15, 10, and 18 in the treatment of melanoma. Furthermore, the combination of ILs and immune checkpoint inhibition may synergize to reshape the tumor environment, thus yielding better clinical benefits in the future.

简介：关于土壤parameterisation的无常的高度限制分布式的洪水控制措施的身体上基于的模拟的意义，它影响流量产生进程，例如陆地使用变化或不同土壤耕种惯例。在这研究，从在Scheyern研究农场的hillslope规模的土壤测量数据与相比表明这无常。到为在Scheyern的调查区域的土壤的空间可变性的报道，不同途径被使用估计土壤水力的性质和浸透的水力的电导率，并且与领域大小相比。

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简介：应用针剌结合耳穴贴压方法治疗老年人呃逆。针剌的主穴是内关，足三里和天突。年老体虚病重者加气海和太溪，脑血管疾病者加攒竹，消化道疾病及便秘者加支沟，呼吸道疾病者加合谷。同时贴压耳穴膈，胃。耳神门，交感，皮质下和肾。结果痊愈45例，好转10例．有效率100％。

简介：AbstractTuberculosis (TB) is among the deadliest infectious diseases worldwide. Although the existing antituberculosis (anti-TB) drugs remain to be effective, the administration of these complex anti-TB drug combinations with obvious toxicity often leads to patients’ nonadherence. This may contribute toward the emergence of drug-resistant strains as well as lead to treatment failure and relapse. Therefore, in the past half century, the main focus of anti-TB drug research was to reduce the frequency of administration and toxicity and improve patients' compliance and drug sensitivity. Following these principles, the development of engineered biosafety materials is one of the most effective and promising methods in resolving these challenges. Compared with traditional drugs, biosafety materials provide a viable platform for treating TB, which are beneficial in reducing the frequency of drug administration and systemic toxicity, improving patients’ compliance and drug sensitivity, and enhancing drug targeting. In this review, we summarized the application of biosafety materials in treatment of TB in recent years and discussed the challenges faced when developing a safe, more effective, and economical pharmacotherapy against TB.

简介：Primaryesophagealadenocarcinoma(PEAC)isararemalignantdiseaseofesophagus.Becauseofitslowerincidence,theknowledgeaboutitislimitedandtherearesomeproblemsrequiringfurtherstudy.Duringrecent30years,106patientswithPEAChadbeentfeatedsurgicallyinourdepartment...

简介：Theuseoflaparoscopyhasbeenestablishedinimprovingperioperativeandpostoperativeoutcomesforpatientswithsimpleappendicitis.Laparoscopicappendectomyisassociatedwithlesswoundpain,lesswoundinfection,ashorterhospitalstay,andfasteroverallrecoverywhencomparedtotheopenappendectomyforuncomplicatedcases.Inthepasttwodecades,theuseoflaparoscopyforthetreatmentofperforatedappendicitistotaketheadvantagesofminimallyinvasivenesshasincreased.Thisarticlereviewedtheprevalence,approaches,safetydisclaimers,perioperativeandpostoperativeoutcomesofthelaparoscopicappendectomyinthetreatmentofpatientswithperforatedappendicitis.Specialissuesincludingtheconversion,intervalappendectomy,laparoscopicapproachforelderlyorobesepatientarealsodiscussedtodefinetheroleoflaparoscopictreatmentforpatientswithperforatedappendicitis.

简介：<正>OtitisMediaisacommondiseaseinthepracticeofotolaryngologyandoneofthefamous"threeinflammationsandonedeafness".Otitismediahasbeenwithhumansfromtheverybeginning.Treatmentforotitismediastartedinthewestin1774andmuchlaterinChina.

简介：Althoughmanytraditionaltherapiesareavailableforgenitalwarts(GW)，oneofthemajorproblemsinthetreatmentofGWisahighrecurrenencerate．Inordertoresolvetheproblemofrecurrence，newtheraputicapproacheshavebeeninvestigated．Newapproachesbeingexploredinclude5-fluorouracil／epinephrineinjectablecollagengel,5％imiguimodcreamandhumanpapillomavirusvaccine．Fluorouracil／epinephrineinjectablecollagengelachieveshighconcentrationoffluorouracilatthesiteofinjection．Imiguimodisanovelimmune-responesmodifier,givinggoodclearanceratesandtolerablesideeffects．AlthoughtheuseofanHPVvaccineisfaraway，preliminarystudiesshowthatitmaybepossibletodevelopsuitableprophylacticandtherapeuticvaccinestogenitalwarts．

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简介：瞄准：与高潮的机能障碍在人的治疗学习育亨宾硷的效果。方法：育亨宾硷的A20-mg剂量首先在诊所与不同原因论的高潮的机能障碍被给29个人。病人们然后被允许在更赞成的情形下面在家(滴定)增加剂量。结果和副作用随后被估计。结果：病人被分类进三组高潮的机能障碍：主要完全(13)，主要不完全(8)并且第二等(8)。梦遗在75%,40%是在场的，在上面的50%病人组织，分别地(总的来说平均62%)。因为富饶问题(52%)，介绍的人或因为他们想要经历高潮(48%)的快乐。完成了治疗的29个病人，16设法到达高潮并且也在手淫或性交期间是有能力的脚趾投掷。进一步，三完成了的A达到高潮，但是仅仅与一个震荡器的另外的刺激。前面的梦遗的历史在高潮在被劝诱的69%人是在场的但是仅仅50%没有通过治疗。病人，二随后生了孩子(双胞胎的一个集合)，3个人也是的另外一个治好。副作用不是足够的引起这些人停止治疗。结论：Yohimbineis在高潮的机能障碍的一种有用治疗选择。

简介：56patientswithtinnitusweretreatedforthreeweeksintheInselkinikHefingsdorfincompetencecenteroftinnituswithacupuncture,modempsychosomatictherapy,alliedwithhyperbaricoxygentherapy.TheTCMinterventionconsistedofmedicalacupuncturetwiceaweekand“Fivedementspalm”Qi-gongtrainingthreetimesperweek.SpecificconstellationofacupuncturepointswerechosenaccordingtotheprescriptionoftraditionalChinesestandardsandmodifiedtowelltestedpreprovedacupuncturestudy.