简介:摘要目的分析2000—2020年中国疾病预防控制体系相关政策文本,为未来疾病预防控制体系的政策优化提供依据。方法以“疾病预防控制”“疾控机构”“疾控体系”“防疫”为关键词检索国务院、国家卫生健康委员会、国家发展和改革委员会、人力资源和社会保障部和财政部官方网站,并基于政策工具法,对纳入政策文本进行主题框架分析和内容分析。结果共纳入37份政策文件,以单一政策工具类型应用最为常见(81.1%),其中,以能力建设类工具为最多(32.4%),其次为命令性工具(21.6%)和激励性工具(13.5%),系统变革工具(8.1%)和象征与劝告工具应用较少(5.4%)。政策主题以人事制度(15.2%)和体系建设主题内容最多(15.2%),人才建设次之(13.0%),信息化建设最少(2.2%)。结论在未来疾病预防控制体系建设相关政策制定中,政府应注意加强激励性工具、象征与劝告工具等多种政策工具的应用,以进一步激发疾病预防控制机构的内在发展动力。
简介:为了解朔州市朔城区人民医院出生缺陷的发生率,出生缺陷的分布及相关情况,本研究对朔州市朔城区人民医院2000—2010年出生缺陷监测资料进行分析。结果显示,出生缺陷发生率为115.61/万,10年中出生缺陷发生率呈下降趋势,2010年下降到56.23/万。出生缺陷分类前3位分别为神经管畸形占44.58%,先天性脑积水占22.96%,颜面畸形占20.87%,孕母年龄在20岁以下者出生缺陷发生率最高。在出生缺陷中,孕早期患者感冒、发烧的孕母占11.83%,孕早期有服药史者占6.45%,接触有害物质者占1_61%。朔州市出生缺陷水平呈下降趋势。有效的预防措施有助于控制缺陷儿的出生,提高出生人口质量。
简介:目的了解消化系统恶性肿瘤构成情况。方法对常德市第一人民医院1991-2000年间收治的消化系统恶性肿瘤患者人数进行构成统计分析,结果(1)消化系统恶性肿瘤占所有恶性肿瘤的33.55%(1993/5941例),居第一位;其中1991-1995年841例,1996-2000年1152例,后5年的患者人数明显多于前5年。(2)在消化系统恶性肿瘤中,胃癌占33.22%(702/1993例),居第一位;结直肠癌占30.71%(612/1993例),居第二位;肝癌占21.17%(422/1993例),居第三位。(3)本组胃癌中,男性为女性的1.8倍(451/251例);-30岁为6.98%(49/702例);-40岁为10.83%(76/702例);-50岁为19.37%(136/702例);-60岁为27.49%(193/702例);70-岁为25.36%(178/702例);≥70例为9.97%(70/702例),6组中尤以-60岁组患者人数居多。结论消化系统恶性肿瘤发病呈现增加趋势,在防治消化系统恶性肿瘤时应予以高度重视,尤其是胃癌应是防治的重点。
简介:摘要目的为了解容县2000~2009年流行性腮腺炎流行病学特点。方法采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果2000~2009年共报告流行性腮腺炎1312例,年平均发病率为17.10/10万;呈现春夏季高发的特点;2-15岁组为主要发病年龄对象。结论容县应全面加强流行性腮腺炎预防和控制,提高腮腺炎疫苗接种覆盖率,提高易感人群免疫水平。
简介:摘要目的掌握甘肃省秦安县2000—2007年法定传染病中常见病、高发病的流行病学特征,并通过发病特征提出相应的预防控制措施。方法利用秦安县2000—2007年传染病疫情网络报告统计数据,用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果秦安县2000—2007年共报告法定乙类传染病11种14113例。其中病毒性肝炎9409例,占66.67%;肺结核3215例,占22.78%;痢疾1129例,占7.99%;麻疹189例,占1.34%。结论病毒性肝炎、肺结核、痢疾、麻疹为秦安县传染病预防控制重点。
简介:目的掌握汕头市国家疾病监测点医院传染病管理水平的变化趋势.方法1990~2000年按对汕头市疾病监测点内三个级别共5家医院进行检查.结果1990~2000年间甲、乙类传染病平均漏报率为4.01%(57/1420),其中1995~2000年的平均漏报率(2.20%)比1990~1994年的漏报率(7.73%)明显下降,主要漏报的疾病为梅毒(12.50%)、淋病(11.63%)、麻疹(11.11%)、肺结核(10.42%).丙类传染病年均漏报率高达21.01%(58/276),主要漏报的疾病为风疹(40.00%)、急性结膜炎(30.00%)、感染性腹泻病(20.83%)、流行性腮腺炎(17.24%).11年间疫情报告管理质量综合平均得分为90.18分.结论监测点医院传染病报告管理工作水平逐步提高,但丙类传染病报告管理水平有待提高.
简介:AbstractObjective:To analyze the temporal trends of maternal mortality ratio (MMR) due to obstetric hemorrhage and its specific causes in Chinese mainland from 2000 to 2019, to identify whether the rate of change has accelerated or slowed down during this period, and to find the prior cause of obstetric hemorrhage that needs to be intervened in the future.Methods:Individual information on maternal deaths and total number of live births from 336 surveillance sites across 31 provinces in Chinese mainland was collected from the National Maternal and Child Health Surveillance System between 2000 and 2019. Maternal death was defined according to the World Health Organization’s criterion. The final underlying cause of death was confirmed by the national review and was coded according to International Classification of Diseases -10. Linear trends for changes in characteristics of maternal deaths were assessed using linear or logistic models with the year treated as a continuous variable. The MMR and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for regions or causes were estimated by Poisson’s distribution. Joinpoint regression was used to assess the accurate temporal patterns.Results:The national MMR due to obstetric hemorrhage was 18.4 per 100,000 live births (95% CI: 15.0-22.2) in 2000. It peaked in 2001 (22.1 per 100,000 live births, 95% CI: 18.3-26.4) and was lowest in 2019 (1.6 per 100,000 live births, 95% CI: 1.0-2.3). For specific regions, the MMR due to obstetric hemorrhage in rural areas and western regions both experienced a slight rise, followed by a rapid decline, and then a slow decline. For specific causes, no change point was found in joinpoint analysis of the national MMR caused by placenta previa, postpartum uterine atony, and retained placenta (the annual percent change was -12.0%, -10.5%, and -21.0%, respectively). The MMR caused by postpartum hemorrhages (PPH) significantly declined by 8.0% (95% CI: 1.9-13.6) per year from 2000 to 2007. The annual percent change of MMR caused by PPH accelerated further to -25.0% between 2007 and 2011, and then decreased to -7.8% between 2011 and 2019. The proportion of maternal deaths due to antepartum hemorrhages increased from 7.6% (8/105) in 2000 to 14.3% (4/28) in 2019. The changes in the proportion of causes were different for maternal deaths due to PPH. The proportion of postpartum uterine atony increased from 39.0% (41/105) in 2000 to 60.7% (17/28) in 2019, and the proportion of uterine rupture also increased from 12.3% (13/105) in 2000 to 14.3% (4/28) in 2019. However, the proportion of retained placenta decreased from 37.1% (39/105) in 2000 to 7.1% (2/28) in 2019.Conclusion:Over the last 20 years, the intervention practice in China has proved that targeted interventions are beneficial in reducing the MMR due to obstetric hemorrhage. However, the MMR has reached a plateau and is likely to increase for some specific causes such as uterine rupture. China needs to develop more effective interventions to reduce maternal deaths due to obstetric hemorrhage, especially for postpartum uterine atony and uterine rupture.
简介:AbstractBackground:The increasing burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) worldwide imposes an emerging public health issue. We perform the current study to estimate the global prevalence, incidence, disease progression, and clinical outcomes of NAFLD.Methods:A systematic search was conducted in Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Cochrane CENTRAL that screened articles in English language published from January 2000 to December 2021. NAFLD prevalence, incidence, rate of disease progression, and outcomes were calculated with the DerSimonian-Laird random effects model with arcsine transformation.Results:Our search identified 59,156 records, of which 578 studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria. The overall prevalence of NAFLD was 29.38% (95% confidence interval [CI] 28.09–30.69) regardless of the diagnostic techniques. Looking at the group in which the diagnosis was made by ultrasound exclusively, the pooled prevalence was 30.49% (95% CI 29.55–31.43). NAFLD has become more prevalent during the year 2011–2021 (31.63%, 95% CI 30.23–33.04) compared with year 2000–2010 (27.94%, 95% CI 26.23–29.69). The pooled estimation of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis prevalence was 8.26% (95% CI 1.13–21.01), 46.49% (95% CI 35.93–57.20), and 46.72% (95% CI 37.57–55.98) in general population, NAFLD patients, and severe/morbidly obese patients, respectively. Based on a total of 110,142 newly developed NAFLD patients, the pooled incident rate was estimated as 46.24 cases per 1000 person-years (95% CI 43.21–49.30). In patients with NAFLD, the incident rate of hepatocellular carcinoma was 1.46 (95% CI 0.90–2.03) cases per 1000 person-years. The overall pooled estimate of NAFLD related mortality was 23.91 (95% CI 13.55–37.18) death per 1000 person-years.Conclusions:The prevalence of NAFLD is increasing globally. It is contributing to poor clinical outcomes including hepatocellular carcinoma and death. Rising awareness and urgent actions are warranted to control the NAFLD pandemic across the globe.Registration:PROSPERO, No. CRD42020171104.
简介:摘要目的探讨护理人力资源管理的研究热点和研究现状。方法以Web of Science核心馆藏数据库作为数据源,采用CiteSpace 5.8. R1可视化分析软件对2000年1月1日—2021年6月5日发表的护理人力资源管理研究的国家/机构分布、期刊分布、作者合作、参考文献以及关键词共现(聚类)进行分析,并对相关结果进行总结和讨论。结果共纳入文献2 537篇,发文量年度分布总体呈持续上升趋势;2020年的发文量最多(271篇),发文量最多的国家是美国,发文量最多且影响力较大的机构是圣保罗大学;Lancet是共被引频次最多的期刊,其次是Journal of Advanced Nursing、International Journal of Nursing Studies。高频关键词主要包括工作满意度、教育/培训、压力、死亡率、满意度、挑战、态度、患者安全、领导力、干预。结论本研究较为直观地呈现了国外护理人力资源管理的研究概况,对研究热点形成了大致的认识,为今后的研究提供了参考。
简介:摘要目的探讨血清绒毛膜促性腺激素值高于2000u/l,低于5000u/l的异位妊娠化学药物保守治疗方法,观察46例早期异位妊娠患者符合以下条件血清绒毛促性腺激素值高于2000u/l,低于5000u/l盆腔包块直径小于5cm,未见胎心搏动及胎芽,B超评估腹腔内出血少于200ml,患者行甲氨喋呤50mg肌注,隔日一次,分别于肌注甲氨喋呤次日肌注甲酰四氢叶酸钙6mg,治疗一周后血清绒毛促性腺激素值下降未达到15%,则再次重复上述治疗。复查血清绒毛膜促性腺激素,一周后下降达15%仍为治愈。结果甲氨喋呤50mg隔日肌注共两次,治愈率为93.47%,二次用药率为4.35%,总治愈率为97.82%,毒副反应发生率为2.8%。结论甲氨喋呤50mg隔日肌注一次,对于早期异位妊娠血清绒毛促性腺激素值高于2000u/l,低于5000u/l病例效果显著,治愈率高达97.82%,毒副反应发生率低,无严重毒副反应发生。