简介:摘要HER2的基因扩增和(或)蛋白过表达与多种肿瘤的发生、发展关系密切。它通过基因突变或基因扩增及激活下游的信号转导途径等参与肿瘤细胞的增殖、凋亡、浸润与侵袭等基因的调控。HER2有望成为肿瘤治疗的一个新靶点。
简介:摘要目的分析肺滑膜肉瘤的特点及其诊断、鉴别诊断、预后。方法选取肺滑膜肉瘤患者2例,对肉瘤标本进行镜检和免疫组织化学检查。结果肺滑膜肉瘤主要由梭形纤维母细胞样细胞构成,其中含有少量胶原纤维,多呈弥漫性紧密排列或者交织束状排列,增生梭形细胞周围见大小不等的裂隙,裂隙多呈分支状,少量裂隙呈片状、车福状,有灶性坏死。肿瘤细胞Vimentin、CD99、CK、Bcl-2、EMA均呈现阳性;Calretinin、CD34、CD68、SMA、S-100、MyoD1、desmin均呈现阴性。结论肺滑膜肉瘤的病理组织形态和免疫表型较为复杂,诊断时应该引起注意,并且肺滑膜肉瘤的复发率较高,要严格处理好患者的预后。
简介:Objective:PyruvatekinasesM(PKM),includingthePKM1andPKM2isoforms,arecriticalfactorsinglucosemetabolism.PKM2promotesaerobicglycolysis,aphenomenonknownas"theWarburgeffect".ThepurposeofthisstudywastoidentifytherolesofPKM2inregulatingcellularmetabolism.Methods:TheCRISPR/Cas9systemwasusedtogeneratethePKM-knockoutcellmodeltoevaluatetheroleofPKMincellularmetabolism.LactatelevelsweremeasuredbytheVitrosLACslidemethodonanautoanalyzerandglucoselevelsweremeasuredbytheautoanalyzerAU5800.Themetabolismof13C6-glucoseor13C5-glutaminewasevaluatedbyliquidchromatography/massspectrometryanalyses.TheeffectsofPKMontumorgrowthweredetectedinvivoinatumor-bearingmousemodel.Results:WefoundthatbothPKM1andPKM2enabledaerobicglycolysis,butPKM2convertedglucosetolactatemuchmoreefficientlythanPKM1.Asaresult,PKM2reducedglucoselevelsreservedforintracellularutilization,particularlyfortheproductionofcitrate,andthusincreasedtheα-ketoglutarate/citrateratiotopromotethegenerationofglutamine-derivedacetylcoenzymeAthroughthereductivepathway.Furthermore,reductiveglutaminemetabolismfacilitatedcellproliferationunderhypoxiaconditions,whichsupportsinvivotumorgrowth.Inaddition,PKM-deletioninducedareverseWarburgeffectintumorassociatedstromalcells.Conclusions:PKM2playsacriticalroleinpromotingreductiveglutaminemetabolismandmaintainingprotonhomeostasis.ThisstudyishelpfultoincreasetheunderstandingofthephysiologicalroleofPKM2incancercells.
简介:摘要:随着老龄化社会的逐步深入,越来越多老年问题逐步凸显,尤其长期卧床患者,免疫力较差,咳嗽、咳痰能力较弱,更易受感染侵害,气道管理不正确很容易导致急性喉鸣威胁老年患者生命,本文主要通过急性喉鸣 2例分析相关发病原因、治疗、预防等问题。
简介:Inordertoacknowledgethemulti-infectiondataofSTDpatientsandimprovetheprophylaxisandtherapyforSTDs,297patientsand30healthypeoplewereexaminedusingtheHSV-2plasmaantibody.TheresultsshowedthatallkindsofSTDpatientswereinfectedbyHSV-2indifierentratios.thehighestratiooccurringinsyphilispatients.