简介:Tibetans,oneoftheoldestethnicminoritiesinChina,aremainlydistributedinthevastwesternregionsofmodernTibet,Sichuan,Qinghai,GansuandYunnan.StudentsandscholarsofthelonghistoryofTibetanculture,aswellasthebreadthandprofundityofTibetanBuddhism,havealwaysconcentratedtheirattentionontheroleofmeninthishistoryandlargelyignoredwomen.Actually,inthehistoryofthesocio-
简介:Braintumorsincidenceinpediatricagehasbeenestimatedbetween1.3to5%witharelativeincidenceof1.4to11%duringthefirstyearoflife;theimprovementininstrumentaldeviceshasleadtoarelativeincreaseinprecociousdiag-nosis.Thechoicetostudybraintumorsofthefirstyearoflifeasaseparatetopicfrompediatricageonesdependsontheobservationthatthesele-sionshavepeculiarclinical,topographicandtis-sularcharacteristics.Thesurvivalrateofthesepatientsisverypoorifcomparedwiththatfound
简介:Thermalfatigue(TF)isoneofthemostimportantfactorsthatinfluenceturbine'slife.Thispaperestablishesa3Dsolid-fluidcouplingmodelforasteadytemperatureanalysisofahigh-pressureturbinenozzleatdifferentturbineinletgastotaltemperatures(TIGTTs).Thetemperatureanalysissuppliesthetemperatureloadforsubsequent3Dfiniteelementanalysistoobtainthestrainvalues.Followingthis,thepredictionoftheTFlifeismadeonthebasisofequivalentstrainrange.TheresultsshowthatthestrainincreaseswithTIGTT,andthepredictedTFlifedecreasescorrespondingly.ThislifepredictionwasconfirmedbyoneTFtest.
简介:Stableisotopesofmostimportantbiologicalelements,suchasC,H,NandO,affectlivingorganisms.Inrapidlygrowingspecies,deuteriumandtoalesserextentotherheavyisotopesreducethegrowthrate.Atleastfordeuteriumitisknownthatitsdepletionalsonegativelyimpactsthespeedofbiologicalprocesses.Asarule,livingorganisms'resist'changesintheirisotopicenvironment,preferringnaturalisotopicabundances.Thispreferencecouldbeduetoevolutionaryoptimization;anadditionaleffectcouldbeduetothepresenceofthe'isotopicreso-nance'.Theisotopicresonancephenomenonhasbeenlinkedtothechoiceofearliestaminoacids,andthusaffectedtheevolutionofgeneticcode.Totesttheisotopicresonancehypothesis,literaturedatawereanalyzedagainstquantitativeandqualitativepredictionsofthehypothesis.Fourstudiesprovidedfiveindependentdatasets,eachinverygoodquantitativeagreementwiththepredictions.Thus,theisotopicresonancehypothesisisnolongersimplyplausible;itcannowbedeemedlikely.Additionaltestingisneeded,however,beforefullacceptanceofthishypothesis.
简介:胆囊疾病在发达国家是很普通的。复杂胆石疾病代表外科定期为被倡导的胆汁的混乱最经常。关于,胆囊炎代表普通腹的外科的干预;它能作为选任的干预或紧急情况外科被执行,在坏疽,穿孔,腹膜炎或败血的情况中。现在,laparoscopic途径被喜欢甚于开的剖腹术。全球性,众多的胆囊炎每天被执行;然而,小证据都不关于对跟随这些干预的生活(QOL)的surgical以后质量的评价存在。为了估计胆囊炎以后的QOL,事实上,高质量的照顾的文档服从于报导病人的结果满足的扩大讨论,和使用因为优秀改进被倡导几年了。然而,几乎没有很少研究,关于跟随胆囊炎的QOL结果出版;另外,许多当前的文学在以病人为中心的结果上缺乏系统的数据。然后,尽管几个工具被用来在胆囊炎以后测量QOL,困难留在选择有意义的参数以便获得可再现的数据反映手术后的QOL。这研究的目的是在QOL上为胆囊疾病考察外科的影响。这评论在QOL后面的胆囊炎上包括当前的文学的Medline搜索。大多数研究证明征兆的病人比收到选任的干预的病人从外科更获利。因此,在没有症状的外科,和病人少些获利或可以甚至在QOL有减小以前,在QOL的获得取决于一般条件。
简介:Overthepastfewdecades,extremechangeshaveoccurredinthecharactersofexploitedfishpopulations.Themajorityofthesechangeshaveaffectedthegrowthtraitsoffishlifehistory,whichincludeasmallersize-at-age,anearlierage-at-maturationandamongothers.Currently,thecausesoftheselifehistorytraitschangesstillrequiresystematicanalysesandempiricalstudies.Theexplanationsthathavebeencitedaremerelyexpressedintermsoffishphenotypicadaptation.Ithasbeenclaimedthattheoriginaltraitsoffishcanberecoveredoncetheintensityofexploitationofthefishiscontrolled.Sustainedenvironmentalandfishingpressurewillchangethelifehistorytraitsofmostfishspecies,sothefishindividual’straitsarestillinsmallsize-at-ageandatearlierage-at-maturationinexploitedfishpopulations.Inthispaper,weexpressedourviewofpointsthatfishinggearhasimposedselectivityonfishpopulationsandindividualsasvariousotherenvironmentalfactorshavedoneandsuchchangesareunrecoverable.Accordingtotheexistingtendofexploitedfishindividual’slifehistorytraits,wesuggestedfurtherresearchesinthisfieldandprovidedbettermethodsoffisherymanagementandtherebyfisheryresourcesprotectionthanthoseavailableearly.
简介:IntroductionInthisarticlewediscussmakinguseofappliedlinguistictheory,asthemeansofachievingnationalstandardsattertiarylevel.Wecontestthatmethodsnowwidelyinuseatcollegesanduniversitiesareinsufficienttoreachmodernnationwidetargets.Wesuggestmodificationsinteachingapproachandpresentideasforsupplementingandenliveningexistingmaterialsorreplacingthem.MuchofthearticleisdrawnfromourconvergingexperiencesbothasaChineseuniversityteacherofEnglishfromoneaspectandasanEnglishEFLspecialistfromanother.Wespeakjointlyfromthe’chalkface’andwishtoshareourviewsandbeprovokedintoseekingsolutionstothenewchallengesforChineseEFLinherentintargetssetbythenationalstandards.
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