学科分类
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40 个结果
  • 简介:TRAF2isacriticaladaptormoleculeforTNFreceptorsininflammatoryandimmunesignaling.Uponreceptorengagement,TRAF2isrecruitedtoCD40andtranslocatestolipidraftsinaRINGfinger-dependentprocess,whichenablestheactivationofdownstreamkinases.TRAF1candisplaceTRAF2andCD40fromraftfractions,anditpromotestheabilityofTRAF2tosustainsignalactivation.ReplacementoftheRINGfingerofTRAF2witharaft-targetingsignalrestoresJNKactivationandassociationwiththecytoskeletalproteinFilamin,butnotNF-KBactivation.TRAF1-/-dendriticcellsshowattenuatedresponses

  • 标签: TRAF2细胞内定位 TRAF1调节 信号转导机制
  • 简介:<正>Usingsubtractioncloning,weidentifiedthehumanN-MycDownstream-RegulatedGene-2(hNDRG2),locatedat14q11.2,asacandidatetumorsuppressorgene.Semi-quantitativeRT-PCRshowedthattheexpressionofhNDRG2in15of27(56%)humanGBMtissuesandall6humanglioblastomacelllineswassignificantlylowerthanthatinthenormalbrain.TheexpressionofhNDRG2alsowasevaluatedin60lung-carcinomapatients.17of26casesofsquamouscarcinomaand4of11casesofsmallcelllungcancerdisplayed

  • 标签: N-Myc减量调节基因2 NDRG2 细胞生长 负向调节 癌症 表达减少
  • 简介:GelatinaseA(MMP-2)isconsideredtoplayacriticalroleincellmigrationandinvasion.Theproteinaseiscercetedfromthecellasaninactivezymogen.InvivoitispostulatedthatactivationofprogelationaseA(proMMP-2)takesplaceonthecellsurfacemediatedbymembrane-typematrixmetalloproteinases(MT-MMPs).RecentstudieshavedemonstratedthatproMMP-2isrecruitedtothecellsurfacebyinteractingwithtissueinhibitorofmetalloproteinases-2(TIMP-2)boundtoMT1-MMPbyformingaternarycomplex.FreeMT1-MMPcloselylocatedtotheternarycomplexthenactivatesproMMP-2onthecellsurface.MT1-MMPisfoundinculturedinvasivecancercellsattheinvadopodia.TheMT-MMP/TIMP-2/MMP-2systemthusprovideslocalizedexpressionofproteolysisoftheextracellularmatrixrequiredforcellmigration.

  • 标签: 胞外基质 明胶酶原 细胞表面活化 细胞迁移
  • 简介:在哺乳动物胚胎,内部房间团(ICM)分离和trophectoderm(TE)第一种房间命运选择,,被抄写因素,Oct4和Cdx2互相对抗效果调整pluripotency因素,Nanog,必要指定epiblast。我们分析了Nanog和Cdx2倡导者,并且发现了这二个抄写因素同样相互地被调整。用有有条件TE区别的一根胚胎干细胞线,我们证明Nanogoverexpression压制TE标记upregulation,当时Nanog击倒upregulatesTE标记表示。我们推进Nanog和Cdx2绑在并且镇压表演对方倡导者。而Nanog大美人在ICM导致可检测Cdx2表示,我们不管多么不观察胚囊开发公开混乱,显示Nanog起到在ICM和TE分离Oct4一个谄媚作用。

  • 标签: NANOG 哺乳动物胚胎 调控 转录因子 ICM 内细胞团
  • 简介:ErbB2,amemberofthereceptortyrosinekinasefamily,isfrequentlyover-expressedinbreastcancer.ProteolysisoftheextracellulardomainofErbB2resultsinconstitutiveactivationofErbB2kinase.RecentstudyreportedthatErbB2isfoundinthenucleus.Here,weshowedthatErbB2isimportedintothenucleusthroughanuclearlocalizationsignal(NLS)-mediatedmechanism.TheNLSsequenceKRRQQKIRKYTMRR(aa655-668)containsthreeclustersofbasicaminoacidsanditissufficienttotargetGFPintothenucleus.However,mutationinanybasicaminoacidclusterofthisNLSsequencesignificantlyaffectsitsnuclearlocalization.Furthermore,itwasfoundthatthisNLSisessentialforthenuclearlocalizationofErbB2sincetheintracellulardomainofErb2lackingNLScompletelyabrogatesitsnucleartranslocation.Takentogether,ourstudyidentifiedanovelnuclearlocalizationsignalandrevealsanovelmechanismunderlyingErbB2nucleartraffickingandlocalization.

  • 标签: 核子定位 信号转导 ErbB-2蛋白质 酪氨酸激酶 乳腺癌
  • 简介:包括谷物尺寸和圆锥花序形态学,圆锥花序建筑学直接决定谷物产量。圆锥花序直立,为在中国北部分完成理想植物建筑学被选择,引起了米饭breeders增加注意。这里,稠密、直立圆锥花序2(dep2)异种,显示出稠密、直立圆锥花序显型,被识别。没有任何已知功能领域,DEP2编码植物特定蛋白质。表示介绍DEP2表明它高度在年轻纸巾被表示,与在年轻圆锥花序大多数丰富。词法并且表示分析显示在DEP2那个变化主要影响脊柱和主要、第二等分支快速延伸,但是不损害圆锥花序primordia开始或形成。进一步分析建议在dep2圆锥花序长度减少被一个缺点在圆锥花序指数延伸期间在房间增长引起。尽管有在dep2异种一种更紧缩植物类型,在谷物生产重要改变都没在野类型和dep2异种之间被发现。因此,DEP2学习不仅加强我们圆锥花序建筑分子基因基础理解而且为米饭繁殖有重要含意。

  • 标签: 水稻育种 直立穗 伸长率 生长 突变体 晶粒尺寸
  • 简介:One-cellmouseembryosfromKMstrainandB6C3F1strainwereculturedinM16medium,inwhich2-cellblockgenerallyoccurs.EmbryosofKMstrainexhibited2-cellblock,whereasB6C3F1embryos,whichareregardedasanonblockingstrain,proceededtothe4-cellstageinourculturecondition.Itisoftenassumedthattheblockofearlydevelopmentisduetothefailureofzygoticgeneactivation(ZGA)inculturedembryos.Inthisstudyweexaminedproteinsynthesispatternsbytwo-dimensionalgelelectrophoresisof[35S]methionineradiolabeled2-cellembryos.Embryosfromtheblockingstrainandthenonblockingstrainwerecomparedintheirdevelopmentbothinvitroandinvivo.ThedetectionofTRCexpression,amarkerofZGA,at42hposthCGinKMembryosdevelopedinvitrosuggestedthatZGAwasalsoinitiatedeveninthe2-cellarrestedembryos.Nevertheless,asignificantdelayofZGAwasobservedinKMstrainascomparedwithnormallydevelopedB6C3F1embryos.AttheverybeginningofmajorZGAasearlyas36hposthCG,TRChasalreadybeenexpressedinB6C3F1embryosdevelopedinvitroandKMembryosdevelopedinvivo.Butfor2-cellblockedKMembryos,TRCwasstillnotdetectableevenat38hposthCG.Theseevidencessuggestthat2-cell-blockedembryosdoinitiateZGA,andthat2-cellblockphenomenonisduenottothedisabilityininitiatingZGA,buttoadelayofZGA.

  • 标签: 小鼠 两细胞胚胎 ZGA 阻抑
  • 简介:Inordertostudythemechanismoftheeffectofheparinonapoptosisincarcinomacells,thenasopharyngealcarcinomacelllineCNE2wasusedtoidentifytheeffectofheparinonapoptosisassociatedwiththeexpressionofc-myc,bax,bcl-2proteinsbyuseofHoechst33258staining,terminaldeoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediateddUTPnick-endlabeling(TUNEL),agarosegelelectrophoresis,andflowcytometry,aswellasWesternblotanalysis.TheresultsshowedthatheparininducedapoptosisofCNE2cellsincludingthemorphologicchangessuchasreductioninthevolume,andthenuclearchromatincondensation,aswellasthe“ladderpattern”revealedbyagarosegelelectrophoresisofDNAinaconcentration-dependentmanner.ThenumberofTUNEL-positivecellswasdramaticallyincreasedto33.6±1.2%from2.8±0.3%bytreatmentwithheparinindifferentconcentrations(10~40kU/L).Theapoptoticindexwasincreasedto32.5%from3.5%bydetectingSubG1peaksonflowcytometry.Westernblotanalysisshowedthatlevelsofbcl-2,baxandc-mycweresignificantlyoverexpressedbytreatmentwiththeincreaseofheparinconcentrations.TheseresultssuggestthatheparininducesapoptosisofCNE2cells,whichmayberegulatedbydifferentialexpressionofapoptosis-relatedgenes.

  • 标签: 肝素 凋亡 咽鼓管癌 CNE2细胞
  • 简介:导致死亡肿瘤坏死能力因素相关导致apoptosisligand(小道)大部分被描述了有选择地杀死许多癌症房间,但是有治疗主要担心之一药抵抗和可能有毒副作用出现。这里,我们报导那条小道在Jurkat和SUPT1T房间线并且在人高强风然而并非在健康导出题目的外部血mononuclear房间导致apoptosis。在平行,有小道和Tyrphostin(AG-490)治疗,选择Januskinase2禁止者,生产cytotoxicity明显改进,与控制相比或到由Stat3phosphorylation重要抑制描绘了落后于独自一个对待样品,并且与cIAP-1和cIAP-2mRNA层次戏剧减少联系了。由特定小干扰RNAcIAP-1和cIAP-2Downregulation显著地放大减少小道cytotoxicity。所有一起,这些调查结果强烈显示cIAP-1和cIAP-2downregulation在调停发信号小径基本步T上小道和AG-490组合效果房间白血病。这些调查结果可以帮助在小道敏感白血病影响病人治疗为不太有毒药理学策略发展打开新线路。

  • 标签: TRAIL 细胞毒性 抑制因子 肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体 人类 外周血单个核细胞
  • 简介:Apoptosismanifestsintwomajorexecutionprogramsdownstreamofthedeathsignal:thecaspasepathwayandorganelledysfunction.Animportantantiapoptosisfactor,Bcl-2protein,contributesincaspasepathwayofapoptosis.Calcium,animportantintracellularsignalelementincells,isalsoobservedtohavechangesduringapoptosis,whichmaybeaffectedbyBcl-2protein.WehavepreviouslyreportedthatinHarringtonine(HT)inducedapoptosisofHL-60cells,there'schangeofintracellularcalciumdistribution,ovingfromcytoplastespeciallyGolgi'sapparatustonucleusandaccumulatingtherewiththehighestconcentration.Wereportherethatcaspase-3becomesactivatedinHT-inducedapoptosisofHL-60cells,whichcanbeinhibitedbyoverexpressionofBcl-2protein.NosignofapoptosisorintracellularcalciummovementfromGolgi'sapparatustonucleusinHL-60cellsoverexpressingBcl-2ortreatedwithAc-DEVD-CHO,aspecificinhibitorofcaspase-3.Theresultsindicatethatactivatedcaspase-2canpromotethemovementofintracellularcalciumfromGolgi'sapparatustonucleus,andtheprocessisinhibitedbyAc-DEVD-CHO(inhibitorofcaspase-3),andthatBcl-2caninhibitthemovementandaccumulationofintracellularcalciuminnucleusthroughitsinhibitiononcaspase-3.Calciumrelocalizationinapoptosisseemstobeirreversible,whichisdifferentfromtheintracellularcalciumchangescausedbygrowthfactor.

  • 标签: HL-60细胞 细胞凋亡 Bol-2 Caspase-3 半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶 胞内钙分布
  • 简介:Polyamines在在植物,而是他们准确角色调整各种各样发展过程被含有并且他们怎么管理这些过程尚待逃犯。我们这里报导浓密Arabidopsis和矮子异种,bud2,哪个从编码S-adenosylmethioninedecarboxylases(SAMDC)小基因家庭一个成员完全删除结果为在polyamine简历不可缺少中介形成必要合成小径。bud2植物在开花期,根,和叶柄扩大了脉管系统,并且polyamines改变动态平衡。bud2和samdc1双异种,另一个SAMDC成员击倒异种,胚胎致命,证明SAMDC为植物胚胎开始必要。我们结果建议polyamines为更高植物正常生长和发展被要求。

  • 标签: S-腺苷甲硫氨酸脱羧酶 基因编码 BUD2 植物构造
  • 简介:MicroRNAs是否定地在post-transcriptional水平调制基因表示短规章RNA,并且深深地涉及癌症几种类型致病。调查特定miRNAs和他们目标基因是否参予喉分子致病,oligonucleotidemicroarrays被用来与正常纸巾相比在喉癌纸巾估计microRNAs和mRNAs微分表示侧面。oncogenicmiRNA,microRNA-21(miR-21),被发现是在喉癌纸巾upregulated。由特定antisenseoligonucleotidesmiR-21击倒而miR-21overexpression提高了细胞生长活动,由殖民地形成试金检测了,禁止了HEp-2细胞增长潜力。miR-21抑制引起房间数字减小由于G1-S阶段转变控制损失,而不是apoptosis显著增加。随后,miR-21新目标基因,BTG2,被发现是在喉癌纸巾downregulated。BTG2被知道充当一个平底锅房间周期管理者和肿瘤suppressor。这些调查结果显示miR-21那异常表情可以由维持BTG2底层贡献喉恶意显型。oncogenicmiR-21和它目标基因鉴定,BTG2,为癌症诊断和治疗在喉潜在地珍贵

  • 标签: 细胞周期调控 调控基因表达 和平号 喉癌 microRNA miRNAs
  • 简介:Apoptosisplaysanimportantroleinembryonicdevelopment,tissueremodeling,immuneregulationandtumorregression.Twogroupsofmolecules(Bcl-2familyand“Deathfactor”family)areinvolvedinregulatingapoptosis.InordertoknowabouttheeffectofBcl-2onapoptosisinducedbyFas,atypicalmemberof“Deathfactor”family,thetransfectionexperimentswithexpressionvectorspcDNA3-flandpcDNA3-bcl-2wereperformedinBEL-7404cells,ahumanhepatocellularcarcinomacelllinewhichexpressesendogenousFas,butnotFasLandBcl-2.ThedatashowedthattheexpressionofFasLinpcDNA3-fltransfectedhepatomacellsobviouslyinducedtheapoptosisofthecells.However,theoverexpressionofBcl-2inpcDNA3-bcl-2transfected7404/b-16cellscounteractedpcDNA3-fltransienttransfectionmediatedapoptosis.FurtherstudybycotransfectionexperimentsindicatedthatBidbutnotBax(bothwerepro-apoptoticproteinsofBcl-2family)blockedtheinhibitoryeffectofBcl-2onFas-mediatedapoptosis.TheseresultssuggestedthatFas-mediatedapoptosisinhumanhepatomacellsispossiblyregulatedbyBcl-2familyproteinsviamitochondriapathway.

  • 标签: 人肝细胞瘤 BEL-7404细胞 FASL Bcl-2 细胞凋亡 表达
  • 简介:在脂肪和肌肉房间,刺激胰岛素葡萄糖举起被葡萄糖transporter主要调停4(GLUT4),哪个到响应胰岛素刺激房间表面的从细胞内部分隔空间translocates。AS160Akt底层之一并且在调整胰岛素GLUT4translocation起重要作用。在这研究,(RUVBL2)象RuvB一样蛋白质2用与集体spectrometry相结合哺乳动物双人脚踏车亲密关系纯化(龙头)作为新AS160有约束力蛋白质被识别。在3T3-L1adipocytes,RUVBL2高度被表示并且在cytosol主要是分布式。在adipocytesRUVBL2弄空通过减少刺激胰岛素AS160phosphorylation禁止刺激胰岛素GLUT4translocation和葡萄糖举起。然而,人RUVBL2介绍能颠倒这禁止效果。这些数据建议RUVBL2通过它和AS160相互作用在刺激胰岛素GLUT4translocation起一个重要作用。

  • 标签: 结合蛋白 转位 葡萄糖转运体 串联亲和纯化 脂肪细胞 肌肉细胞
  • 简介:POU抄写因素OCT4不仅在维持pluripotent和房间而且幕作为通过基因剂量一个房间命运决定因素完成胚胎茎(ES)自我更新状态起一个必要作用。然而,控制细胞内部OCT4蛋白质水平分子机制留下逃犯。这里,我们报导那人WWP2,E3ubiquitin(Ub)蛋白质ligase,通过它WW领域明确地与OCT4交往并且在vitro并且在vivo提高OCT4Ub修正。我们首先证明在人ES房间内长OCT4能被Ubpost-translationally修改。而且,我们发现WWP2以一种剂量依赖者方式,和WWP2活跃地点半胱氨酸残余通过26Sproteasome支持了OCT4降级在OCT4上为它活动和解朊效果被要求。显著地,我们当WWP2表示由特定RNA干扰(RNAi)downregulated时,内长OCT4蛋白质水平显著地被提高数据表演,建议那WWP2为在人ES房间维持合适OCT4蛋白质水平一个重要管理者。而且,北污点分析证明WWP2抄本在多样的人织物/器官广泛地在场并且高度在无差别的人ES房间表示了。然而,它表示水平快速在区分的人ES房间以后被减少,显示WWP2表示力量发展地被调整。我们调查结果证明WWP2在人ES房间OCT4蛋白质水平一个重要管理者。

  • 标签: 人类胚胎干细胞 转录因子 退化 蛋白质水平 Northern 半胱氨酸残基
  • 简介:混合系kinase(MLK3)3被肿瘤坏死因素激活激活mitogen蛋白质kinasekinasekinase--伪(TNF-伪)并且明确地在TNF-伪刺激上激活c6月N终端kinase(JNK)。TNF-伪由激活MLK3机制不被知道。TNF联系受体因素(TRAF)被招募到TNF受体细胞质结束并且调停改编者分子,包括JNK激活下游发信号。这里,我们报导MLK3与TRAF2,TRAF5和TRAF6联系;然而,仅仅TRAF2能显著地导致MLK3kinase活动。到TRAF领域并且为到它C终端一半(氨基酸511-847)MLK3TRAF2地图相互作用领域。与对方一起内长TRAF2和响应以一种时间依赖者方式TNF-伪处理MLK3伙伴。在MLK3和TRAF2之间协会调停有绑在MLK3TRAF2删除异种MLK3激活和竞争以一种剂量依赖者方式稀释MLK3kinase活动,在TNF-伪处理上。而且MLK3下游目标,JNK被TNF-伪以一种TRAF2依赖方式激活。因此,我们在TRAF2和MLK3之间直接相互作用为TNF-伪-被要求数据表演导致了MLK3和它下游目标的激活,JNK。

  • 标签: 丝裂原活化蛋白激酶 肿瘤坏死因子-α 诱导 相互作用 肿瘤坏死因子受体 时间依赖性