简介：DigitalnetworkedcommunicationsarethekeytoallInternet-of-Thingsapplications,especiallytosmartmeteringsystemsandthesmartgrid.Inordertoensureasafeoperationofsystemsandtheprivacyofusers,thetransportlayersecurity(TLS)protocol,amatureandwellstandardizedsolutionforsecurecommunications,maybeused.WeimplementedtheTLSprotocolinitslatestversioninawaysuitableforembeddedandresource-constrainedsystems.ThispaperoutlinesthechallengesandopportunitiesofdeployingTLSinsmartmeteringandsmartgridapplicationsandpresentsperformanceresultsofourTLSimplementation.Ouranalysisshowsthatgivenanappropriateimplementationandconfiguration,deployingTLSinconstrainedsmartmeteringsystemsispossiblewithacceptableoverhead.

简介：Automationhasarrivedinthelowvoltagegriddomain.Inthenextfewyears,thesecondarysubstation-atthebarriersofmediumandlowvoltagegrids-willthusbeupgradedtoenablenovelfunctions.Inthispaper,wepresentvarioussmartgridapplicationsrunningonsuchintelligentsecondarysubstations(iSSN)includingtheirinteractionwitheachother.Weintegrateenergyconsumptionandproductiondata,aswellasforecasts,sensedfromthesmartbuildings’energymanagementsystems(BEMSs)intotheoperationofthelowvoltagegrid.Asuitableframeworkforthosemodularapplicationsincludesfeaturestoinitiatetheirinstallation,update,removal,theremoteoperatorsite,andnotrequiringstaffon-siteforsuchtypicalreappearingmaintenancetasks.

简介：Microgridsarelocalpowersystemsthatmayormaynotbeconnectedtothedistributionsystemandaretypicallycontrolledbythelocaloperator.Interestinmicrogridsisrisinganditislikelythatthenumberofmicrogridsconnectedtodistributionnetworkswillincrease.Currently,thereisnoconsensusonhowmicrogridswillinteractwiththedistributionsystem―theyhavethepotentialtothreatenstability,ortoassist.Howevermicrogrids,withtheiremphasisonsophisticatedcontrolinordertomanagetheirparticularchallenges,addressmanyoftheproblemsthatwillberequiredtoovercomeinrealizingthesmartgrid.Thispaperexaminessomeoftheissuesinvolvedinconnectingmicrogridstothedistributionnetworks,andillustrateshowmicrogridshaveakeyroletoplayinthedevelopmentofthesmartgrid.

简介：1开机UPS接好后，按开机检测键给负载供电。当UPS发出嘟嘟声时，负载已带电并且进行自检。

简介：Theelectricindustryisbeingtransformedfromacentralizednetworktoonethatislesscentralizedandallowsmoreconsumerinteractionintheformofasmartgrid.Thereisalsoastrongcommitmentbymostcountriestoreducegreenhousegasemissionsandglobalwarmingthroughtheuseofrenewableenergyresources.Thelocallyavailablerenewableresources,suchaswind,solar,tidal

简介：验收时检查UPS，如果有损坏，通知运输者和销售商。

简介：Thediscussionaboutsmartgrid(SG)implementationismostlyfocusedonpilotprojects.Theseprojectsarenecessaryformappingofparticulartechnicaldevicesofadvancedmeteringmanagement(AMM)whichisneededforsuccessfulSGandwholefunctionalSGsystemoperation.Accordingtoouropinion,forthenextstepofSGimplementation,theparticipationofeffectivemarketdesignwouldbequitenecessary.Inotherwords,pilotprojectwhichisoperatedregardlesstothemarketconditionsandspecialSGtariffisincompleteandcouldbeirrelevantforfurtherevaluationoffeasibility.Withregardtoabovementionedfacts,thedetailedcost-benefit-analysis(CBA)isneededtoestablishthecorrectmethodologyforevaluationofSGimplementationeffectiveness.Relatedaspectsarementionedanddiscussedinthispaper,inwhichtheparticularcostandbenefitsaswellasfeedbackthatoccursasthereactiononimplementationaresummarizedandquantified.

简介：Smartappliancesandrenewableenergyresourcesarebecominganintegralpartofsmarthomes.Nowadays,homeappliancesarecommunicatingwitheachotherwithhomegateways,usingexistingshort-rangehomeareanetworkcommunicationprotocolssuchasZigBee,Bluetooth,RFID,andWiFi.AGatewayallowshomeownersandutilitiestocommunicateremotelywiththeappliancesvialong-rangecommunicationnetworkssuchasGPRS,WiMax,LTE,andpowerlinercarrier.ThispaperutilizestheInternetofThings(IoT)conceptstomonitorandcontrolhomeappliances.Moreover,thispaperproposesaframeworkthatenablestheintegrationandthecoordinationofHuman-to-Appliance,Utility-toAppliance,andAppliance-to-Appliance.UtilizingtheconceptsofInternetofThingsleadstoonestandardcommunicationprotocols,TCP/IPV6,whichovercomesthemanydiversehomeareanetworksandneighborhoodareanetworksprotocols.ThisworkproposesacloudbasedframeworkthatenablestheIoTsintegrationandsupportsthecoordinationbetweendevices,aswellaswithdevice-humaninteraction.Aprototypeisdesigned,implemented,andtestedtovalidatetheproposedsolution.1IndexTermsInternetofthings(IoT),Internetofthings(IoT)cloudframework,smarthomes,smartappliances.

简介：Thispaperpresentsthedesign,implementationandtestingofanembeddedsystemthatintegratessolarandstorageenergyresourcestosmarthomeswithinthesmartmicrogrid.Theproposedsystemprovidestherequiredhomeenergybyinstallingrenewableenergyandstoragedevices.Italsomanagesandschedulesthepowerflowduringpeakandoff-peakperiods.Inaddition,atwo-waycommunicationprotocolisdevelopedtoenablethehomeownersandtheutilityserviceprovidertoimprovetheenergyflowandtheconsumptionefficiency.Thesystemcanbeanintegralpartforhomesinasmartgridorsmartmicrogridpowernetworks.Aprototypefortheproposedsystemwasdesigned,implementedandtestedbyusingacontrolledloadbanktosimulateascaledrandomrealhouseconsumptionbehavior.Threedifferentscenariosweretestedandtheresultsandfindingsarereported.Moreover,dataflowsecurityamongthehome,homeownersandutilityserverisdevelopedtominimizecyber-attacks.

简介：Securityofsmarttechnologieslikesmartgridsandcrowdenergysystemscannotrelyonlyontechnicalsolutions,humansplayasignificantroleinfailure,securityculture,informationsecurity,cybersecurity,trustandsharing,andperceptionsandconcern.Thispaperinvestigatessecurityissuesinsmarttechnologiesandtherelatedroleofhumanfailure,whetheritisintentionalorunintentional.Methodsthathelpreducingthisfailurearediscussed.Ahumanorientedframeworkforfailurereductionispresentedinordertoenhancesecurity.IndexTermsCrowdenergy,humanrole,intentionalfailure,security,smartgrids,unintentionalfailure.1.IntroductionManystateofthearttechnologiesaretaggedwiththe'smart'label.Ingeneralunderstandingthismeansinterconnectedness,interactivityand4.0automation,i.e.theapplicationofsensorsandinformationandcommunicationtechnology(SICT)andprocessinganever-changingandexpandingdata/knowledgebase.Fromahigherpointofview'smart'standsbutformorethanjusttheabove-mentionedtechnicalaspects;alsoandinparticularsocial,political,economicandecologicalaspectswillbeaddressed.Thismeansthat'smartmeetschallengestoimprovesustainablewelfare'[1].Inthissense,forexample,thetermsmartgridaddressesnotonlythecommunicativeinterconnectionandcontroloftheentitiesofapowersystem,i.e.technology,butpreciselyalsosustainability,conservationofresources,renewability,andefficiency.Securityhasbeenveryimportantfornewtechnologiesandsystemslikeelectricalgridsandpowerplants.Theseneedtobesecuredcarefullybecauseweaknessesinthesecuritymightleadtopartialdamageandreductionofserviceinseveralways.Inextremecasesdestructioncanhap-

简介：WirelessM-BusaccordingtoEN-13757-4isamajorcontenderforlocalmetrologicalnetwork(LMN)insmartmeteringandsmartgridapplications,asitholdsthepromiseofflexibleandoptimizedsolutions.ItenjoyswidepopularityincontinentalEurope,butincreasinglyinmanyotherregionsoftheworld.However,WirelessM-Busischaracterizedbyawidevarietyofdifferentoperationmodes(C-,F-,N-,P-,Q-,R-,S-,andT-modes),whichworkindifferentfrequencybands(i.e.,868MHz,433MHz,and169MHz).Itsapplicationlayercanbeenhancedbyextensions,beingdefinedfromvendoralliances,liketheOpenMeteringSystem(OMS)Group,orfromnationalbodies.Thiscontributiondescribesrequirements,designtechniques,andexperiencesfromthedevelopmentofhighlyefficientWirelessM-Busprotocolstacks,whichalsosupportgoodflexibility,efficiency,andportabilitywithregardtomicrocontrollerandRF-transceiverplatforms.Thepresentedapproachisnotlimitedtotheuseofmodernsoftwareengineeringdesignprocesses,butalsoincludesessentialadditionalfeaturesliketestingandsimulation,aswellastoolsforcommissioningandmonitoring.

简介：Twosignaturesystemsbasedonsmartcardsandfingerprintfeaturesareproposed.Inonesignaturesystem,thecryptographickeyisstoredinthesmartcardandisonlyaccessiblewhenthesigner'sextractedfingerprintfeaturesmatchhisstoredtemplate.Toresistbeingtamperedonpublicchannel,theuser'smessageandthesignedmessageareencryptedbythesigner'spublickeyandtheuser'spublickey,respectively.Intheothersignaturesystem,thekeysaregeneratedbycombiningthesigner'sfingerprintfeatures,checkbits,andarememberablekey,andtherearenomatchingprocessandkeysstoredonthesmartcard.Additionally,thereisgenerallymorethanonepublickeyinthissystem,thatis,thereexistsomepseudopublickeysexceptarealone.

简介：Inthispaper,atechnicalandstatisticalanalysisofsecuritysystemandsecuritymanagementisprovidedforcrowdenergyandsmartliving.Atthesametime,aclearunderstandingismadeforcrowdenergyconceptandnextgenerationsmartliving.Variouscaseexampleshavebeenstudiedandabriefsummaryhasbeenprovided.Furthermore,astatisticalanalysishasbeenprovidedintermsofsecuritymanagementinsmartlivingwhereitisfoundthatyoungtechnocratsgivethehighestimportancetosecuritymanagementinsmartliving.Lastbutnottheleast,currentlimitation,constraints,andfuturescopeofsecurityimplementationhavebeendiscussedintermsofcrowdenergyclusteredwithnextgenerationsmartliving.

简介：这份报纸讨论由连接到在在微格子的系统有精力存储系统和力量电子学的角色的微格子的systems.The好处形式的本地负担的分布式的代组成的未来力量系统是纸也检验让一个关键角色怎么微格子在聪明的格子的发展玩的presented.This。

简介：Theeffectofthespatialcharacteristicsofantennaarrayonsmartantennasystemscannotbeneglected.Inthepaper,therelationbetweenspatialcorrelationandinter-antennadistance,impingingangle,anglespreadisfirstinvestigated.Withthesamebeamformingalgorithm,wesimulatetheperformanceofsmartantennasystemwithdifferentAngleSpread(AS)valuesontheconditionsofidealandrealAngleofArrival(AOA)estimation.TheresultsshowthatwiththeidealAOAestimation,theAOAisenoughaccuratetoguaranteethatthesystemonlyhaslittleperformancedegradationeveninthecaseof20degreeeASvaluewhiletherealAOAestimationinfluencedbychannelenvironmentdegradestheperformanceveryobviously,uptoabout7dB.

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简介：Thepapergivesanoverviewontheneedforsmartcouplingforbatterymanagementingridintegratedrenewableenergysystem(RES).Gridintegratedphotovoltaic(PV)batterysystem,asbeingpopularandextensivelyusedhasbeendiscussedinthepaper.SmartcouplingreferstointelligentgridintegrationsuchthatitcanforeseelocalnetworkconditionsandissuebatterypowerflowmanagementstrategyaccordinglytoshavethepeakPVandpeakload.Therefore,aneedforpredictiveenergymanagementarisesforsmartintegrationtothegridandsupervisionofthepowerflowinaccordancetothegridconditions.ThisisalsoarunningprojectattheInstituteofEnergySystems(INES),OffenburgUniversityofAppliedScience,GermanysinceJanuary,2015.Thepapershouldprovideinsightstothemotivation,needandgivesanoutlooktothefeaturesofdesiredpredictiveenergymanagementsystem(PEMS).

简介：Nowadays,thepassword-basedremoteuserauthenticationmechanismusingsmartcardisoneofthesimplestandconvenientauthenticationwaystoensuresecurecommunicationsoverthepublicnetworkenvironments.Recently,Liuetal.proposedanefficientandsecuresmartcardbasedpasswordauthenticationscheme.However,wefindthatLiuetal.’sschemeisvulnerabletotheoff-linepasswordguessingattackanduserimpersonationattack.Furthermore,italsocannotprovideuseranonymity.Inthispaper,wecryptanalyzeLiuetal.’sschemeandproposeasecurityenhanceduserauthenticationschemetoovercometheaforementionedproblems.Especially,inordertopreservetheuseranonymityandpreventtheguessingattack,weusethedynamicidentitytechnique.Theanalysisshowsthattheproposedschemeismoresecureandefficientthanotherrelatedauthenticationschemes.

简介：Theworkpresentsademandsideresponse(DSR)model,whichassistselectricityconsumerstoproactivelymitigatepeakdemandonelectricalnetworksinEasternandSouthernAustralia.Alow-costtechnicalarrangement,whichismadeofInternetrelay,arouter,solidstateswitches,andthesuitablesoftware,isusedtocontrolelectricitydemandatuser’spremises.Themodelallowsshiftingloadsfrompeaktooff-peakperiodsinordertoreducepeaks,whichhelpstomoderatethenationalelectricaldemand.Themodelcanbeconcurrentlyusedtoaccommodatetheutilizationofrenewableenergysourcesandtheintroductionofelectricvehicles.Theresultspresentpossiblesavingsontheelectricalenergyconsumptioninthedesignatedregions.

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