简介:ThispaperprovidesacomprehensiveintroductiontothemajorprogressintransitionandturbulencestudiesinChinaoverthepastthirtyyears.Despitetheauthor’sbestefforts,therearesomeunavoidableomissions.Weexpectthatwiththecontinueddeepeningofturbulenceresearch,Chinesescholarswillmakeincreasingcontributionsinthisfield,whichwillcertainlyhavestronginfluenceontheestablishmentofaChinaSchoolofTurbulence.
简介:Weconductedmeasurementsofblackcarbon(BC)aerosolinJiaxing,ChinaduringautumnfromSeptember26toNovember30,2013.WeinvestigatedtemporalanddiurnalvariationsofBC,anditscorrelationswithmeteorologicalparametersandothermajorpollutants.ResultsshowedthathourlymassconcentrationsofBCrangedfrom0.2to22.0μg/m3,withanaverageof5.1μg/m3.ThediurnaivariationofBCexhibitedabimodaldistribution,withpeaksat07:00and18:00.Themorningpeakwaslargerthantheeveningpeak.ThemasspercentagesofBCinPM2.5andPM10were7.1%and4.8%,respectively.TheabsorptioncoefficientofBCwascalculatedtobe44.4Mm-1,whichaccountedfor11.1%ofthetotalaerosolextinction.BCwasmainlyemittedfromlocalsourcesinsouthwesternJiaxingwhereBCconcentrationsweregenerallygreaterthan11μg/m3duringthemeasurementperiod.CorrelationanalysisindicatedthatthemainsourcesofBCweremotorvehicleexhaust,anddomesticandindustrialcombustion.
简介:在这研究,acoupled地区性的空气质量建模系统被使用调查时间在在空中的微粒事(PM10)的空间变化,在2004年4月17日的时期从Mentougou发源到北京市政的区域,并且在边界层之上的复杂地面和气象学的条件的影响组织并且PM10集中分布。有对观察数据的CALPUFF的表演的intercomparison被介绍并且考试散布阴谋被提供。统计证明在建模并且观察的数据之间的关联系数和性传播疾病分别地是0.86和0.03。模型结果的分析说明从Mentougou射出的污染物质能沿着某些运输小径被搬运到北京市政的区域,并且PM10集中分布显示出异质特征。到在北京市政的区域的PM10集中的Mentougou来源的贡献直到0.115g/m3。
简介:这研究的目的是描绘元素的碳和器官的碳(EC和OC,分别地)喷雾器粒子(PM2.5)的内容在Tongliao收集了,在东北中国的HorqinSandland的一个地点。在春天2005期间,PM2.5集体集中是126±71μg·m?3,与更高的灰尘集中,在五期间,灰尘比在非尘封的天下暴雨(255±77对106±44μg·m?3)。在一个热/光的反射方法决定的PM2.5的平均OC和EC集中是15.7±7.3μg·m?3和3.3±1.7μg·m?3,分别地并且碳的喷雾器在正常的天与21.7%相比在灰尘暴风雨期间说明了9.9%PM2.5质量。到EC的OC的平均比率在灰尘暴风雨期间类似于在非尘封的天的那些,并且在OC和EC之间的关联系数高,0.86。高OC/EC比率,八碳部分的分布,和在有OC和EC的K之间的强壮的关系显示农村生物资源烧是到地区性的碳的喷雾器的主导的贡献者。
简介:InChinamorethantwo-thirdsofavailablecoalreservesareinaridareas,where,tobeneficiatetherun-of-minecoal,thereisnotenoughwaterresourcerequiredbyconventionalprocessing.DevelopingefficientdrybeneficiationtechnologyisofgreatsignificanceforefficientcoalutilizationinChina,notablythecleancoaltechnology(CCT).Thedrycoalbeneficiationtechnologywithair-densemediumfluidizedbedutilizesair-solidsuspensionasbeneficiatingmediumwhosedensityisconsistentforbeneflciation,similarinprincipletothewetdensemediumbeneficiationusingliquid-solidsuspensionasseparatingmedium.Theheavyportioninfeedstockwhosedensityishigherthanthedensityofthefluidizedbedwillsink,whereasthelighterportionwillfloat,thusstratifyingthefeedmaterialsaccordingtotheirdensity.Inordertoobtainefficientdryseparationinair-densemediumfluidizedbed,stablefluidizationwithwelldispersedmicro-bubblesmustbeachievedtoensurelowviscosityandhighfluidity.Thepurebuoyancyofbeneficiationmaterialsplaysamainroleinfluidizedbed,andthedisplaceddistributioneffectshouldberestrained.Thedisplaceddistributioneffectsincludeviscositydisplaceddistributioneffectandmovementdisplaceddistributioneffect.Theformeriscausedbyviscosityofthefluidizedbed.Itdecreaseswithincreasingairflowvelocity.Movementdisplaceddistributioneffectwillbelargewhenairflowrateistoolowortoohigh.Ifmediumparticlesizedistributionandairflowarewellcontrolled,bothdisplaceddistributioneffectscouldbecontrolledeffectively.Abeneficiationdisplaceddistributionmodelmaybeusedtooptimizebeneficiationoffeedstockwithawideparticlesizedistributionandmultiplecomponentsinthefluidizedbed.Therheologicalcharacteristicsoffluidizedbedswerestudiedusingthefallingspheremethod.ExperimentalresultsindicatedthatthefluidizedbedbehavesasaBinghamfluid.Theplasticviscosityandyieldstresscanbe
简介:Thetsunamiwasasuddenmarinedisasters.Tsunamiwavescanquicklyspreadtonear-shoreandcausethedisasterafterthetsunami.Soitisveryimportantoftimelymonitoringandearlywarningofthetsunami.Afterseveralunsuccessfultsunamiforecasting,theUnitedStatesdevelopedtsunamibuoyspecificallyfortheearlydetectionoftsunamiwaves.Tsunamibuoycannotonlybeabletodisplayoccurrenceofthetsunami,itisrealtimedatabutalsobeassimilatedintothetsunamiwarningsystem,toimprovetheaccuracyofthetsunamiforecasting.Severaltsunamieventsintherecentfewyearshaveproventheimportantroleofthetsunamibuoys.Subsequently,thetsunamiwarningsystembasedontsunamibuoyswasintoregularoperation.ThesystemaccuratelypredictedtheresultsonMarch11,2011Japantsunamievent.StateOceanicAdministration(SOA),Chinaalsodeployed2tsunamibuoysintheSouthChinaSea(SCS),whichalsoplayedanimportantroleinthewarningprocessofJapantsunamionMarch11,2011.NationalMarineEnvironmentalForecastingCenter/StateOceanicAdministration(NMEFC/SOA)willcollaboratewithPacificMarineEnvironmentalLaboratory/NationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(PMEL/NOAA)todevelopassimilationmethodmakinguseofrealtimedataoftsunamibuoyandbuildaforecastingsysteminSCSinthefuture.
简介:Typhoon-generatedwavesposeaseriousthreattothedevelopmentofoffshorewindpower;thereforetypicalwaveparameterscausedbytyphoonnearDonghaiBridge,ademonstrationareaofoffshorewindfarm,wereanalysed.WepayparticularattentiontothedissipationtermwhichisoneofthesourcetermsofgoverningequationforwindwaveevolutioninWAVEWATCHIII.Anisotropicenergydissipationinthewavepropagationdirectionisconsideredandfurtherappliedinourmodel.Agoodagreementisobservedbycomparisonwithinsitudata.Furthermore,thenewimprovedmodelisusedtosimulateandforecastwaveevolutioncausedbyChan-Hom(201509).Theevolutionoftypicalwaveparametersi.e.significantwaveheightandmeanwaveperiodwerediscussedintheEastChinaSea,especiallynearDonghaiBridge.
简介:Chemicalcomposition,hourlycounts,andsizesofatmosphericcarbonaceousparticlesweremeasuredtoinvestigatetheirmixingstateonclearandhazydays.623,122carbonaceousparticleswithsizes0.2-2.0μmwasanalyzedusingasingle-particleaerosolmassspectrometerfrom1stto17thJanuary2013.Particletypesincludedbiomass/biofuelburningparticles(biomass),elementcarbon(EC-dominant)particlesthatwerealsomixedwithbiomass/biofuelburningspecies(EC-biomass)orsecondaryspecies(EC-secondary),organiccarbon(OC),internallymixedOCandEC(OCEC),ammonium-containing(ammonium)andsodium-containing(sodium)particles.Oncleardaysthetoprankedcarbonaceousparticletypeswerebiomass(48.2%),EC-biomass(15.7%),OCEC(11.1%),andsodium(9.6%),whileonhazydaystheywerebiomass(37.3%),EC-biomass(17.6%),EC-secondary(16.6%),andsodium(12.7%).ThefractionsofEC-secondary,ammonium(10%),andsodiumparticletypeswereelevatedonhazydays.NumbersofEC-secondaryparticlesweremorethanfourtimesthoseoncleardays(4.1%).Thus,carbonaceousparticlesmixedwithammonium,nitrateandsulfateduringagingandtransport,enhancingtheirlightextinctioneffectsandhygroscopicgrowthunderhighrelativehumidityonhazydays,furtherreducingvisibility.Ourreal-timesingle-particledatashowedthatchangestomixingstatehadasignificantimpactonlightextinctionduringhazeeventsinNanjing.
简介:ThisstudyinvestigatesthecorrelationbetweenPM10andmeteorologicalfactorssuchaswindspeed,atmosphericvisibility,dewpoint,relativehumidity,andambienttemperatureduringabrownhazeepisode.InordertoidentifythepotentialsourcesofPM10duringbrownhazeepisode,respirableparticulatematter(PM10)wascollectedduringbothnon-hazedaysandhazedaysandfurtheranalyzedformetallicelements,ionicspecies,andcarbonaceouscontents.Amongthem,ionicspeciescontributed45-64%toPM10,whilemetallicelementscontributed7-21%toPM10whichwassmallerthantheotherchemicalconstituents.TheaverageOC/ECratio(42)inhazedayswasaboutthreetimesoftheaverageOC/ECratio(14)innon-hazedays.Byusingchemicalmassbalance(CMB)receptormodel,themajorsourceswereapportioned,includingtraffics,incinerators,coalcombustion,steelindustry,petrochemicalindustry,andsecondaryaerosols,etc.ThecontributiontoPM10concentrationofeachsourcewascalculatedforallthesamplescollected.TheresultsshowedthatcoalcombustionwasthemajorsourceofPM10innon-hazedaysandsecondaryaerosolswerethemajorsourceinhazedays,followedbypetrochemicalindustry,incinerators,andtraffics,whileothersourceshadnegligibleeffect.