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简介：TheDCreactorisanimportantpieceofequipmentforrestrainingloopandripplecurrentsintheinternationalthermonuclearexperimentalreactor(ITER)converterpowersupplysystem.Asthereactorisoperatedatasteadystateof27.5kAandneedstowithstandapeakcurrentof175kA,sothedesignoftheDCreactorusedintheITERconverterpowersupplysystemisnecessary.Anewwater-coolingdry-typeair-corereactorisdesignedinthiswork.Thedetailedstructuralparametersarecalculatedbytheoreticalformulas,andthenthestructureisoptimizedbyelectromagneticsimulationwithANSYS.Finally,thermalanddynamicstabilityanalysesareperformedtoverifythetemperatureandstressataratedcurrentof27.5kAandpulsedcurrentof175kA.TheanalysisresultsshowthatthetemperatureandstressmeettherequirementsoftheITERconverterpowersupplysystem.

简介：AwaterplasmawasgeneratedbyDCarcdischargewithahafniumembeddedrodtypecathodeandanozzle-typeanode.Thedischargecharacteristicswereexaminedbychangingtheoperationparameterofthearccurrent.Thedynamicbehaviorofthearcdischargeledtosignificantfluctuationsinthearcvoltageanditsfrequency.Analysesofthehighspeedimageandthearcvoltagewaveformshowedthatthearcdischargewasintherestrikemodeanditsfrequencyvariedwithinseveraltensofkilohertzaccordingtotheoperatingconditions.Thelargerthermalplasmavolumewasgeneratedbythehigherflowfromtheformingsteamwithahigherrestrikefrequencyinthehigherarccurrentconditions.Inaddition,thecharacteristicsofthewaterplasmajetwereinvestigatedbymeansofopticalemissionspectroscopytoidentifytheabundantradicalsrequiredinanefficientwastetreatmentprocess.

简介：Acomparativestudyoftheneedle-to-liquidplasmainthecontinuousmodewithDCandACexcitationsisdetailedinthispaper.Allplasmasstudiedhereareshowntobeglowdischarges.Thisstudyisbasedonmeasurementsofseveralkeyparameters,includingelectricalenergy,opticalemissionintensitiesofactivespecies,rotationalandvibrationaltemperatures,andtemperaturesoftheneedleandliquidelectrodes.ACplasmascanproduce1.2～5timeshigherexcitedstateactivespeciesthanDCplasmasunderthesamedissipatedpower.ACexcitedliquidplasmashavethehighestenergyutilizationefficiencyamongthethreesystems(ACexcitedplasmas,DCexcitedplasmaswithwateranodeandDCexcitedplasmaswithwatercathode);mostoftheenergyisusedtoproduceusefulspeciesratherthantoheattheelectrodesandplasmas.

简介：AdesignofthemainAC/DCconvertersystemforITERisdescribedandthecon-figurationofthemainAC/DCconvertersispresented.Toreducethereactivepowerabsorbedfromtheconverterunits,themainAC/DCconvertersaredesignedtobeseries-connectedandworkinasequentialmode.Thestructureoftheregulatoroftheconvertersystemisdescribed.AsimulationmodelwasbuiltupforthePSCAD/EMTDCcode,andthedesignwasvalidatedaccordingly.Harmonicanalysisandreactivepowercalculationoftheconvertersunitsarepresented.Theresultsrevealtheadvantageofsequentialcontrolinreducingreactivepowerandharmonics.

简介：Atypeofelectricaldischargecalledslidingdischargewasdevelopedtogenerateplasmaaerodynamicactuationforflowcontrol.Athree-electrodeplasmasheetactuatordrivenbyrepetitivenanosecondpulseswithanegativeDCcomponentwasusedtogenerateslidingdischarge,whichcanbecallednanosecond-pulseslidingdischarge.Thephenomenologyandbehaviouroftheplasmasheetactuatorwereinvestigatedexperimentally.Dischargemorphologyshowsthattheformationofnanosecond-pulseslidingdischargeisdependentonthepeakvalueoftherepetitivenanosecondpulsesandnegativeDCcomponentappliedontheplasmasheetactuator.Comparedtodielectricbarrierdischarge(DBD),theextensionofplasmainnanosecond-pulseslidingdischargeisquasi-diffusive,stable,longerandmoreintensive.TestresultsofparticleimagevelocimetrydemonstratethatthenegativeDCcomponentappliedtoathirdelectrodecouldsignificantlymodifythetopologyoftheflowinducedbynanosecond-pulseDBD.Bodyforceinducedbythenanosecond-pulseslidingdischargecanbeapproximatelyintheorderofmN.BoththemaximumvelocityandthebodyforceinducedbyslidingdischargeincreasesignificantlyascomparedtosingleDBD.Therefore,nanosecond-pulseslidingdischargeisapreferableplasmaaerodynamicactuationgenerationmode,whichisverypromisinginthefieldofaerodynamics.

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简介：Inthiswork,wesimulatenumericallythethermaleffectsinnitrogenatatmosphericpressurecausedbyanegativecoronaDCdischargeoflowcurrent.Amathematicalfunctionthatsimulatestheinjectionofthethermaltransferingasisproposed.Thesimulateddischargeisofanegativepointtoplanemasstype,withaninterelectrodedistanceof12mmandasymmetryabouttheaxisofdischarge.Thespatialandtemporalevolutionofneutralsisanalyzedbasedupontheequationsofcontinuity,momentumandenergyinacylindricalgeometry.Forthegeometryofthesystem,theFCT(fluxcorrectedtransport)procedurewasadopted.

简介：Dependenceofthecurrent-voltagecharacteristicsofanon-transferredDCcascadedplasmatorchusedfornanoparticlesynthesis,ontheplasmacurrentandtheplasmaargongasflowratearereportedinthispaper.Thepotentialstructureinsidethetorchanditsdependenceontheplasmacurrentandgasflowratearealsoinvestigated.Thearcvoltageisseentoexhibitnegativecharacteristicforacurrentbelow150Aandpositivecharacteristicabovethatcurrentvalue.Thevoltagedropneartheelectrodesisfoundtodecreasewiththeincreaseinplasmacurrent.25%ofthetotalvoltageisdroppednearthecathodeataplasmacurrentof50Aandaargonplasmagasflowrateof10literperminute(LPM),anditdecreasesto12%withthecurrentincreasingto300A,andto17%withagasflowrateof25LPM.Thevariationinthetorchefficiencywiththegasflowrateandplasmacurrentisalsoreported.Theefficiencyofthetorchisfoundtobebetween36%and48%.Inaddition,theplasmagastemperatureatvariouspositionsofthereactorandfordifferentcurrentsandvoltagesaremeasuredbycalorimetricestimationwithaheatbalancetechnique.

简介：Inresponsetothecurrentimbalancephenomenonanditsharmfulness,acurrentsharingcircuitmodelisbuiltup,whichrevealstheunderlyingcausesforthecurrentimbalancethroughaquantitativeanalysis.Then,afeasibleapproachofimprovement,namelyenlargementofthelengthofconnectionbusbars,isproposed.Aftertheamendment,itcanbeseenthatthecurrentsharingcoefficientisalmostunityunderratedorfaultcurrentconditions.

简介：Flyashfromamunicipalsolidwasteincinerator(MSWI)withoutpreprocessing(originalflyash,OFA)wasmeltedbyadirectcurrent(DC)plasmaarcfurnacetoinvestigatehowthefeedformsgovernedtheresults.Dioxinsinfluegasfromstackandbag-filterash(BFA)weredetected.ThedistributionofheavymetalsofPb,Cd,As,andCralongthefluegasprocesssystemwasanalyzed.Throughacomparisonoftheresultsfordioxinsandheavymetalsinthisstudyandpreviouswork,carrying-overofflyashparticleswiththefluegasstreamcanbededuced.BasedonthemagneticinductionequationandNavier-Stokesequations,amagnetohydrodynamic(MHD)modelfortheplasmaarcwasdevelopedtodescribetheparticle-carryingeffect.Theresultsindicatethat,a.whenmelted,thefeedformsofMSWIflyashaffecttheresultssignificantly;b.itisnotpreferabletomeltMSWIflyashdirectly,andeffortsshouldbemadetolimitthemasstransferofOFAfromtheplasmafurnace.

简介：Wedevelopedaone-dimensionalhybridmodeltosimulatetheDC/RFcombineddrivencapacitivelycoupledplasmaforargondischarges.ThenumericalresultsareusedtoanalyzetheinfluenceoftheDCsourceontheplasmadensitydistribution,ionenergydistributions(IEDs)andionangledistributions(IADs)onboththeRFandDCelectrodes.TheincreaseinDCvoltagedrivesmorehigh-energyionstotheelectrodeappliedtotheDCsource,whichmakestheIEDsattheDCelectrodeshifttowardshigherenergy,andthepeaksintheIADsshifttowardssmallangleregions.Atthesametime,italsodecreasestheionenergyattheRFelectrodeandenlargestheincidentanglesoftheions,whichstriketheRFelectrode.

简介：冲击韧性Cv值是核级设备材料的一项很重要的指标，也是核电材料与常规材料的重要差别之一。本文汇集了各安全等级的设备材料的C值要求，可供核电设备设计、评审时应用。

简介：Thispaperproposesanewmethodtopredictthecoronaonsetvoltageforarodplaneairgap,basedonthesupportvectormachine(SVM).BecausetheSVMisnotlimitedbythesize,dimensionandnonlinearityofthesamples,thismethodcanrealizeaccuratepredictionwithfewtrainingdata.Onlyelectricfieldfeaturesarechosenastheinput;nogeometricparameterisincluded.Therefore,theexperimentdataofonekindofelectrodecanbeusedtopredictthecoronaonsetvoltagesofotherelectrodeswithdifferentsizes.Withtheexperimentaldataobtainedbyozonedetectiontechnology,andexperimentaldataprovidedbythereference,theefficiencyoftheproposedmethodisvalidated.Accuratepredictedresultswithanaveragerelativelessthan3%areobtainedwithonly6experimentaldata.

简介：Athreedimensionalsteady-statemagnetohydrodynamicmodelisdevelopedforthearcplasmainaDCsubmergedelectricarcfurnacefortheproductionoffusedMgO.Thearcisgeneratedinasmallsemi-enclosedspaceformedbythegraphiteelectrode,themoltenbathandunmeltedrawmaterials.Themodelisfirstusedtosolveasimilarprobleminasteelmakingfurnace,andthecalculatedresultsarefoundtobeingoodagreementwiththepublishedmeasurements.ThebehaviorofarcswithdifferentarclengthsisalsostudiedinthefurnaceforMgOproduction.Fromthedistributionofthearcpressureonthebathsurfaceitisshownthatthearcplasmaimpingementislargeenoughtocauseacrater-likedepressiononthesurfaceoftheMgObath.Thecirculationofthehightemperatureairundertheelectrodemayenhancethearcefficiency,especiallyforashorterarc.

简介：AsinteredTi_(13)Cu_(87)targetwassputteredbyreactivedirectcurrent(DC)magnetronsputteringwithagasmixtureofargon/nitrogenfordifferentsputteringpowers.Titanium-copper-nitrogenthinfilmsweredepositedonSi(111),glassslideandpotassiumbromide(KBr)substrates.Phaseanalysisandstructuralpropertiesoftitanium-copper-nitrogenthinfilmswerestudiedbyX-raydiffraction(XRD).ThechemicalbondingwascharacterizedbyFouriertransforminfrared(FTIR)spectroscopy.TheresultsfromXRDshowthattheobservedphasesarenano-crystallitecubicantirheniumoxide(antiReO_3)structuresoftitaniumdopedCu_3N(Ti:Cu_3N)andnanocrystallitefacecenteredcubic(fcc)structuresofcopper.ScanningelectronmicroscopyandenergydispersiveX-rayspectroscopy(SEM/EDX)wereusedtodeterminethefilmmorphologyandatomictitanium/copperratio,respectively.Thefilmspossesscontinuousandagglomeratedstructurewithanatomictitanium/copperratio(～0.07)belowthatoftheoriginaltarget(～0.15).Thetransmittancespectraofthecompositefilmsweremeasuredintherangeof360nmto1100nm.Filmthickness,refractiveindexandextinctioncoefficientwereextractedfromthemeasuredtransmittanceusingareverseengineeringmethod.Inthevisiblerange,thehigherabsorptioncoefficientofthefilmspreparedatlowersputteringpowerindicatesmorenitrificationincomparisontothosepreparedathighersputteringpower.ThisisconsistentwiththeformationoflargerTi:Cu_3Ncrystallitesatlowersputteringpower.Thedepositionratevs.sputteringpowershowsanabrupttransitionfrommetallicmodetopoisonedmode.Acomplicatedbehaviorofthefilms'resistivityuponsputteringpowerisshown.

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