简介:Positionalerroroflinesegmentsisusuallydescribedbyusing'g-band',however,itsbandwidthisinrelationtotheconfidencelevelchoice.Infact,givendifferentconfidencelevels,aseriesofconcentricbandscanbeobtained.Toovercometheeffectofconfidencelevelontheerrorindicator,byintroducingtheunionentropytheory,weproposeanentropyerrorellipseindexofpoint,thenextendittolinesegmentandpolygon,andestablishanentropyerrorbandoflinesegmentandanentropyerrordonutofpolygon.Theresearchshowsthattheentropyerrorindexcanbedetermineduniquelyandisnotinfluencedbyconfidencelevel,andthattheyaresuitableforpositionaluncertaintyofplanargeometryfeatures.
简介:[1]AbdelmotyAI,WilliamsMH.Advancedgeographicdatamodeling.Spatialdatamodelingandquerylanguagefor2Dand3Dapplications.Delft:TheNetherlands,1994[2]FranzA.Voronoidiagrams——asurveyofafundamentalgeometricdatastructure.ACMComputingSurveying,1991,23(3)[3]ZhengC,ChenJ.Organizingandretrievingcadasatraldatabasedonspatio-temporaltopologybetweenfather-sonparcels.JournalofWuhanTechnicalUniversityofSurveyingandMapping,1997,22(3):216~221(inChinese)[4]ChenJ,GoldCM,CuiBL,YongHU,etal.Extendingordinaryplanar-graph-basedspatialdatamodelwithVoronoiapproach.In:ProceedingsofIEAS&IWGIS'97.Beijing,1997.18~20[5]ChenJ,CuiBL.AddingtopologicalfunctionstoMapInfowithVoronoiapproach.JournalofWuhanTechnicalUniversityofSurveyingandMapping,1997,22(3):195~200(inChinese)[6]Clementini,Elisel,PaolinoDiFelice,PetervanOosterom.Asmallsetofformaltopologicalrelationshipssuitableforend-userinteraction.AdvancesinSpatialDatabases,LectureNotesinComputerScience.Springer-Verlag,1993.277~295[7]EdwardsG,LigozatG,FrylA,etal.AVoronoi-basedPIVOTrepresentationofspatialconceptsanditsapplicationtoroutedescriptionsexpressedinnaturallanguage.SpatialDataHandling'96,1996,7B.1~15[8]EgenhoferMJ.Reasoningaboutbinarytopologicalrelations.In:Proceedingsofthe2ndSymposiumonLargeSpatialDatabases.LectureNotesinComputerScience,Springer-Verlag,1991.143~160[9]EgenhoferMJ,FranzosaRD.Point-settopologicalspatialrelations.INT.J.GeographicalInformationSystems,1991,5(2):161~176[10]EgenhoferMJ,HerringJ.Categorizingbinarytopologicalrelationshipsbetweenregions,lines,andpointsingeographicdatabases.TechnicalReport,DepartmentofSurveyingEngineering,UniversityofMaine,Orono,1991[11]EgenhoferMJ,Al-tahaKK.Reasoningaboutgradualchangesoftopologicalrelations,inTheoriesandMet
简介:Therearemainlyfourkindsofmodelstorecordanddealwithhistoricalinformation.Bytakingthemasreference,thespatio-temporalmodelbasedoneventsemanticsisproposed.Inthismodel,accordingtothewayfordescribinganevent,alltheinformationaredividedintofivedomains.Thispaperdescribesthemodelbyusingthelandparcelchangeinthecadastralinformationsystem,andexpoundsthemodelbyusingfivetablescorrespondingtothefivedomains.Withtheaidofthismodel,sevenexamplesaregivenonhistoricalquery,tracebackandrecurrence.Thismodelcanbeimplementedeitherintheextendedrelationaldatabaseorintheobject-orienteddatabase.
简介:Onthebasisoftheresearchofthecartographicmodelsmadebytheauthorssomeyearsago,thispaperfurtherstudiestheestablishmentofcartographicfuzzymatrixtomaketheconceptsincartographye.g.,selection,deletion,mappinggeneralizationandimagetranformation,intosomeprecisemathematicalexpressions.
简介:Coastallowlandshavelargeareasofhazardimpactandrelativelylowcapacityofpreventiontothewaterrelatedhazards,whichhavebeenindicatedbythewide-spreadfloodhazards,highpercentagesoflandwithhighfloodvulnerability.Increasingpopulationpressureandtheshiftofresourcesexploitationfromlandtoseawillforcemoreandmorecoastallowlandstobedevelopedinthefuture,furtherenhancingthedangerofwater-relatedhazards.Inthispaper,thecoastallowlandsinthenorthernJiangsuprovince,China,wereselectedasacasestudy.TheInterpretationStructuralModel(ISM)wasemployedtoanalyzethedirectandindirectimpactsamongtheelementswithinthesystem,andthereby,toidentifythecausalelements,middlelinkages,theirexpressions,andrelations.
简介:对线线的描述拓扑的关系尽管许多努力被做了,仍然是一个未解决的问题。这个问题涉及象空间质问,空间分析和制图综合那样的许多实际应用。开发一条健全、有效的途径描述线线关系,它是第一必要排队定义一个个人的拓扑学,即,本地拓扑学。连接的度的概念在一根线的几何结构被用于拓扑的差别的鉴定。一根线的一般拓扑的定义被给,即,端点集合和内部点设定。这个定义能被用于不同尺寸的嵌入的空格,合作尺寸是否等于或比零大。在这个基础上,打电话给4intersection-and-difference的一个通用模型为对基本线线的描述被建立拓扑的关系,一张概念的邻居图与拓扑的距离的考虑在之上被造。建议模型能在/R~1和/R~2代表在线片断之间的拓扑的变化,和基本关系的性质,这被结束。
简介:高分辨率图象熔化是图象处理的域里的一个重要焦点。一个新图象熔化模型基于实验模式分解(EMD)的典型水平被介绍。多光谱的图象的紧张色彩浸透(代表耶稣之符号)变换首先给紧张图象。此后,以ID的排列扩展,EMD建模的2DEMD被用来从高分辨率的乐队图象和紧张图象分解详细规模图象和粗糙的规模图象。最后,一幅熔化紧张图象被重建在熔化图象与高分辨率的图象的高频率和紧张图象和代表耶稣之符号反的变换结果的低频率获得。在介绍EMD原则以后,2DEMD的一个多尺度的分解和重建算法被定义,一个熔化技术计划基于EMD是先进的。全色的乐队和多光谱的乐队3,2,1Quickbird被用来估计熔化算法的质量。在在特定的排(列)上根据EMD分析为兼并选择适当内在的模式函数(IMF)以后,象素灰色珍视系列,熔化计划给一幅熔化图象,它与通常使用的熔化算法相比(小浪,代表耶稣之符号,Brovey)。图象熔化的目的包括提高图象的可见性并且改进空间分辨率并且光谱原来的图象的信息。为了估计一幅图象的质量,在熔化,信息熵和标准差被使用估计熔化图象和相关系数的空间细节以后,为测量在原来的图象和熔化图象之间的失真以偏导索引和变弯的度光谱信息。为建议熔化算法,当EMD算法被用来执行熔化经验时,更好的结果被获得。
简介:Dataacquisitionandmodelingarethetwoimportant,difficultandcostfulaspectsinaCybercityproject.2D-GISismatureandcanmanagealotofspatialdata.Thus3D-GISshouldmakethebestofdataandtechnologyof2D-GIS.ConstructionofausefulsyntheticenvironmentrequiresintegrationofmultipletypesofinformationlikeDEM,textureimagesand3Drepresentationofobjectssuchasbuildings.Inthispaper,themethodfor3Dcitylandscapedatamodelandvisualizationbasedonintegrateddatabasesispresented.Sincethedatavolumeofrasterareveryhuge,specialstrategies(forexample,pyramidgriddedmethod)mustbeadoptedinordertomanagerasterdataefficiently.Threedifferentmethodsofdataacquisition,theproperdatastructureandasimplemodelingmethodarepresentedaswell.Atlast,apilotprojectofShanghaiCybercityisillustrated.
简介:Thispapercalculatestheparametersofimagepositionandorientation,proposesamathematicalmodelandadoptsanewmethodwiththreestepsoftransformationsbasedonparallelrayprojection.Everystepofthemodelisstrict,andthemapfunctionofeachtransformationisthefirstorderpolynomialsandothersimplefunction.Thefinalcalculationoftheparametersisforthelinearequationswithgoodstatus.Asaresult,theproblemoftherelativityofimageparametercalculationissolvedcompletely.Someexperimentsarecarriedout.
简介:警犬城市的生长模型被用来模仿未来城市的生长模式并且在沈阳城市里在开发的不同条件下面探索城市的开发的潜在的环境影响,中国。警犬模型与从TM卫星图象的一个时间系列提取的历史的数据(19882004)被校准,并且未来生长外面被投射到2030假定三种不同政策情形:(1)当前的趋势情形(情形CT),(2)地区性的政策和城市的计划情形(情形PP),并且(3)环境保护情形(情形EP)。情形分析证明城市的生长将在2016以后在发展模式和可持续性与重要差别在所有政策情形下面加速。在情形CT下面的城市的开发将在另外的二种情形下面比那导致资源陆地的实质的损失,并且城市的风景模式将逐渐地复杂、分散。相反,在情形PP和EP下面的城市的生长将消费不太自然的资源土地并且在预言时期期间显示出一个相对紧缩的城市的发展模式。这研究建议拿紧城市的计划是关键的,管理测量城市的生长到控制未来并且在沈阳城市里保护主要农田和城市的生态学的支持系统。警犬模型是一个有用计划工具指导城市的陆地资源的持续利用到某个程度。
简介:为3D城市建模的OGC标准广泛地在越来越多的应用被使用。它定义详细(到有增加精确性和结构的复杂性的LoD4的LoD0)的五个连续层次,在哪个LoD3包括所有外面的外观和几何细节并且随后要求许多存储空间。新LoD与象窗户,门以及更小的fa一样的LoD3模型和开的目标的外面的壳作为壳模型被介绍?果汁饮料目标被投射到墙上。在这份报纸,用户调查被介绍。这的结果调查壳模型能几乎给用户的表演象LoD3模型的一样的视觉印象。Furthermroe,算法被开发从LoD3提取壳模型模型。实验证明这个壳模型能减少原来的LoD3模型的多达90%存储。因此,一方面,它能为一个LoD3模型被用作一个代用品为小显示上的可视化。在另一方面,它能在CityGML被当作详细(SLoD3)的分段,自从它几乎保留信息的一样的数量,但是要求少得多存储空间。
简介:EngineeringexcavationGIS(E2GIS)isareal-3DGISservingforgeosciencesrelatedtogeo-engineering,civilengineeringandminingengineeringbasedongeneralizedtri-prism(GTP)model.AstwoinstancesofGTPmodel,G-GTPisusedforthereal-3Dmodelingofsubsurfacegeologicalbodies,andE-GTPisusedforthereal-3Dmodelingofsubsurfaceengineeringexcavations.InthelightofthediscussionsonthefeaturesandfunctionsofE2GIS,themodelingprinciplesofG-GTPandE-GTPareintroduced.Thetwomodelscoupletogetherseamlesslytoformanintegralmodelforsubsurfacespatialobjectsincludingbothgeologicalbodiesandexcavations.Anobject-orientedintegralreal-3Ddatamodelandintegralspatialtopologicalrelationsarediscussed.
简介:Theprocessingofnonlineardatawasoneofhottopicsinsurveyingandmappingfieldinrecentyears.Asaresult,manylinearmethodsandnonlinearmethodshavebeendeveloped.Butthemethodsforprocessinggeneralizednonlinearsurveyingandmappingdata,especiallyfordifferentdatatypesandincludingunknownparameterswithrandomornonrandom,areseldomnoticed.Anewalgorithmmodelispresentedinthispaperforprocessingnonlineardynamicmultiple-periodandmultiple-accuracydataderivedfromdeformationmonitoringnetwork.
简介:[1]EgenhoferMJ,FranzosaRD.Point-settopologicalspatialrelations.InternationalJournalofGeographicalInformationSystem,1991,5(2):161~174[2]EgenhoferMJ,FrankA.Object-orientedmodellinginGIS:inheritanceandpropagation.In:ProceedingsofAuto-Carto9.USA:Baltimore,1989.588~598[3]KainzW,EgenhoferMJ,GreasleyI.Modellingspatialrelationsandoperationswithpartiallyordersetsandlattices.InternationalJournalofGeographicalInformationSystem,1993,7(3):215~229[4]WorboysMF.AModelforspatio-temporalinformation.In:Proceedingsof5thInternationalSymposiumonSpatialDataHandling.USA:Charleston,1992a.602~611[5]WorboysMF.Object-orientedmodelsofspatio-temporalinformation.In:ProceedingsofGIS/LIS'92,1992b.825~834[6]WorboysMF,HearnshawHM,MaguireDJ.Object-orienteddatamodellingforspatialdatabases.InternationalJournalofGeographicalInformationSystem,1990,4(4)369~383[7]ZhangMW.Temporalgeographicalinformationsystemtechniquesformonitoringlandcoverchange:[MSDissertation].ITC,TheNetherlands,1993.[8]ZhangMW,ShiWZ.Modellingspatial,temporalandattributeaspectsofobjectinGIS.In:ProceedingsofInternationalSymposiumonRemoteSensing.GISandGPSinSustainableDevelopmentandEnvironmentMonitoring.HongKong,1995.583~591[9]ZhangMW,ShiWZ.ImplementationofaConceptualModelforHandlingGeographicalInformation.In:Proceedingsofthe4thInternationalSymposiumofLIESMARS.China,Wuhan,1995.161~169