简介:Intermsofaccounting,alltypesofbusinessenterprisesregardlessoftheirorganizationalformareseparateaccountingentities.Butdifferenttypesoforganizationformsentailremarkabledifferencesintheestablishments,legalpositions,liabilities,taxationobligationsandaccountingpracticesofthebusinessenterprisesasaccountingentities.AgoodknowledgeofsuchdifferenceisbeneficialtothepromotionofthedevelopmentofalltypesofbusinessenterprisesinChina.
简介:Theauthorsimprovethetraditionalgeneticalgorithm,andcombinethenewmethodnamedRAGA(RealcodedbasedacceleratingGeneticAlgorithm)withPPE(ProjectionPursuitEvaluation)model.TheRAGA-PPEmodelcanoptimizeseveralparametersatonetime.Basedonthismethod,theauthorsbuiltupanewevaluatingmodel.ThroughapplyingthenewmodeltoevaluatethecountryenergyofPingtanCounty,theauthorsgainedthegoodresults.Thus,theauthorsprovideanewmethodandthoughtforreaderswhoengageinresearchingcountryenergyplaning.
简介:TheLeadingindustryinfluencestheeconomicdevelopmentofonecity.Thispaperestablishesadecisionfactorsystemofchoosingleadingindustryofcities,appliesrelateddecisiontheoryinGreySystemandinventstheprocedureofchoosingleadingindustry,whichachievedagoodpracticaleffect.Afterwards,thecityTianmenacclaimsthedressindustryasLeadingIndustryinits"TheTenthFive-YearPlanforEconomicandSocialDevelopmentofCityTianMen".
简介:ThispaperexaminestheextentofcontagionandinterdependenceacrossthesixAsianemergingcountriesstockmarkets(e.g.,Bangladesh,China,India,Malaysia,thePhilippine,andSouthKorea)andthentrytoquantifytheextentoftheAsianemergingmarketfluctuationswhicharedescribedbyintra-regionalcontagioneffect.Thesemarketsexperiencedbothfastgrowthandkeyupheavalduringthesampleperiod,andthus,providepotentiallyrichinformationonthenatureofbordermarketinteractions.UsingthedailystockmarketindexdatafromJanuary2002toDecember2016(breakingthe15yearsdatasetintothreesubperiods;pre-crisis,crisis,andpostcrisisperiods);particularlymakeattentiontotheglobalfinancialcrisisof2007~2008.ThereturnandvolatilityspilloversaremodeledthroughtheGARCH(generalizedautoregressiveconditionalheteroscedasticity),pairwiseGrangercausalitytests,andtheforecasterrorvariancedecompositioninageneralizedVAR(vectorautoregression)models.Thispapershowsthatvolatilityandreturnspilloversbehaveverydifferentlyovertime,duringthepre-crisis,crisis,andpostcrisisperiods.Importantly,Asianemergingstockmarketsinteractionislessbeforetheglobalfinancialcrisisperiod.Thereturnandvolatilityspilloverindicestouchtheirrespectivehistoricalpeaksduringtheglobalfinancialcrisis2007~2008,howeverBangladeshimarketfacesthisconditionin2009~2010.
简介:Thestabilityofsupplychainsystemiskeytoimplementefficientlyinventorypoliciesandimprovequalityofserviceinthesupplychain.Ifthesupplychainsystemwereunstable,thelead-timewouldbeuncertain.Asaresult,directlyaffectstheprocessofmanufacture,andtheservicelevel.Inthispaper,weanalyzethestabilityofthesupplychainsystemunderperturbationsofdynamicparametersbasedontheCobb-Douglasproductionfunctionandstudyinfluencesonsupplychainperformance.Weprovethatthesupplychainsystem,withtheincreasesofthere-productioninputfunding,becomesunstable.Further,whentheoptimalcombinationofinputparameterelements,thesupplychainsystembecomesunstable.
简介:Thegeneralizedautoregressiveconditionalheteroskedasticity(GARCH)typemodelsareusedtoinvestigatethevolatilityofBangladeshstockmarket.Thefindingsofthestudydemonstratethattheindexvolatilitycharacteristicschangesovertime.Thearticleshowsthatthedataaredividedintothreesub-periods:precrisis,crisis,andpostcrisis.Accordingly,theresultsofthefindingsindicatechangesintheGARCH-typemodelsparameter,riskpremiumandpersistenceofvolatilityindifferentperiods.Asignificant'low-yieldassociatedwithhigh-risk'phenomenonisdetectedinthecrisisperiodandthe'leverageeffect'occursineachperiods.Theinvestorsareirrationalwhichisbasedonassumptionofriskandreturncharacteristicsofassets.Consequently,themarketisnotasmatureasdevelopedmarket.Itisfoundinthearticlethatthethresholdgeneralizedautoregressiveconditionalheteroskedasticity(TGARCH)modelismoreaccurateforthemodelaccuracy.Additionally,statisticerrormeasurementsindicatethatGARCHmodelismoreefficientthanothersandithasalsomoreforecastingability.
简介:Afterthereformandopening,theeconomicrelationshipbetweenChinaandtheworldisstrengthenedheavily.Theoretically,internationalfactorshaveimpactonthedomesticgeneralpricelevelthroughasetofchannels.Thispaperemployedasampleincludingmonthlydataoffiverepresentativeindicators,toexploretheinfluenceofinternationalfactorsonChinesepricelevel.TheempiricalresultsshowedthatthereisanobviouslagforChineseCPIreactingtointernationalshocks,whilethePPIreactsimmediately.TheimpactofinternationalfactorsonChineseCPIandPPIusuallylasts12monthsatleastandtheyalwaysexhibitadifferenttransmissionmechanismforinternationalshocks.Besides,afurtherstudyrevealedthatsomestructure-breakpointsintheinfluencemechanismofinternationalfactorsexist,andgreatchangesoftheimpactdirectionandsignificancefordifferentfactorshavetakenplaceinthesubsampleperiods.