简介：Objective:Toinvestigatetheproliferativeeffectofkeratinocytegrowthfactor(KGF-2)onhumanadultkeratinocytes.Methods:Thestandardmediumwaskeratinocytegrowthmediumwithoutbovinepituitaryextract(BPE),hydrocortisoneorepidermalgrowthfactor(EGF).Keratinocytesfroma48-year-oldsubjectwereculturedandseededondisheswithstandardmediumofEGFincelldensityof2×104/32mm2.After24hours,themediumwasreplacedbythestandardmediumwith0,4,16,125and500ng/mlKGF-2,respectively.ThestandardmediumwithEGFwasusedasthepositivecontrolandthestandardmediumwithoutEGForKGF-2wasusedasthenegativecontrols.Thegrowthofkeratinocyteswasmonitoredby3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5dipheyltetrazoliumbromide(MTT)assayandbyphotographsondays3,5and7,respectively.Results:KGF-2inconcentrationsof4-500ng/mlshowedasignificantproliferativeeffectondays5and7ascomparedwiththatofthenegativecontrols(P<0.01).Onday3thecellswereproliferatedto1.5-2.5-fold,onday5to3-5-foldandonday7to3-12-foldinKGF-2mediumasthatofthenegativecontrols.TheoptimalresponseoccurredwhentheconcentrationofKGF-2was125ng/mlonday7.CellproliferationwasalsoconsistentlyhigherinallKGF-2concentrationsascomparedwiththatofthepositivecontrols.Conclusions:KGF-2hassignificanteffectsontheproliferationofadultkeratinocytes,whicharemoreeffectivethanthatofEGF.ThisstudysupportsKGF-2canimprovethehealingofchronicwoundsinadultsinclinic.

简介：Withimprovementsintheirsurgicalandmedicalmanagement,thenumberofpatientswithcongenitalheartdisease(CHD)reachingadulthoodhasincreasedoverthelastdecade.AsthepopulationofadultCHDpatientscontinuestorise,anincreasingnumberofthesepatientswillrequireevaluationforhearttransplantation.ItisimportanttorecognizeadvancedheartfailureandotherassociatedcomplicationsearlyinthiscohortofcomplexpatientsforearlyreferraltoanadultCHDspecialist.Asthesepatientspresentwithuniquechallengesbecauseoftheirmultiplecomorbiditiesandcomplexanatomy,thereneedstobeacarefulselectionprocessfortransplantationtooptimizetheutilizationofdonororgans.

简介：Aim:Tofindouttheeffectoflindaneontesticularantioxidantsystemandtesticularsteroidogenesisinadultmalerats.Methods:Adultmaleratswereorallyadministeredwithlindaneatadoseof5.0mg/kgbodyweightperdayfor30days.Twenty-fourhoursafterthelasttreatmenttheratswerekilledusinganestheticether.Testes,epididymis,seminalvesiclesandventralprostatewereremovedandweighed.A10%testicularhomogenatewaspreparedandcentrifugedat4°C.Thesupematantwasusedforvariousbiochemicalestimations.Results:Thebodyweightandtheweightsoftestes,epididymis,seminalvesiclesandventralprostatewerereducedinlindane-treatedrars.Therewasasignificantdeclineintheactivitiesofantioxidantenzymessuperoxidedismutase(SOD),catalaseandglutathionereductasewhileanincreaseinhydrogenperoxide(H2O2)generationwasobserved.Thespecificactivitiesoftesticularsteroidogenicenzymes3β-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenaseand17β-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenaseweredecreased.ThelevelsofDNA,RNAandproteinwerealsodecreasedinlindane-treatedrats.Conclusion:Lindaneinducesoxidativestressanddecreasesantioxidantenzymesinadultmalerats.

简介：Congenitalheartdisease(CHD)-associatedpulmonaryarterialhypertension(PAH)includesaheterogeneouspatientpopulationthatcanbecharacterizedbytheunderlyingcardiacmalformation.CHD-associatedPAHhasanestimatedprevalenceof5–10%inadultpatients,withanincreasingnumberofpatientssurvivingtoadulthoodbecauseofadvancesinthesurgicalmanagementandthedevelopmentofpulmonaryarterialhypertension(PAH)-targetedpharmacotherapy.Althoughlimiteddataexist,targetedPAHpharmacotherapyhasproventobebeneficialinpatientswithCHD-associatedPAH,withobservedimprovementinfunctionalclass,increaseinexercisecapacity,andimprovementinqualityoflifeandcardiopulmonaryhemodynamics.Additionally,therehasbeenincreasinginterestinthe“treat-to-close”strategy.PAH-targetedpharmacotherapymaybeusedtooptimizecardiopulmonaryhemodynamicssoastoimprovepatients’operabilityinrepairingthecardiacdefect.Althoughtherehavebeensignificantadvancesinthemanagementofthisdiseasestateinthepast2decades,mortalityremainshigh,andongoingclinicaltrialsareneededtobetterunderstandthetreat-to-closestrategy.

简介：AbstractAdult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is an aggressive peripheral T-cell lymphoma caused by the human T lymphotropic virus type-1. The skin is affected in approximately half of ATLL patients, and skin lesions may be the first manifestation of the disease. The skin lesions of ATLL are polymorphous, and depend on the type of skin eruption, which makes it possible for doctors to predict the prognosis of the disease based on the characteristics of skin lesions. In this review article, we describe the clinical manifestations and histopathological patterns of skin lesions in ATLL, focus on its diagnostic and prognostic significance, and also summarize the advances in the treatment of ATLL.

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简介：AbstractBackground:Hasner valve incision has been recently introduced as a new treatment for ophthalmic patients with epiphora symptoms. The aim of this study was to examine whether surgical outcomes of Hasner valve incision for inferior nasolacrimal duct obstruction were different between pediatric and adult patients.Methods:A total of 53 eyes of 52 patients who underwent Hasner valve incision in the Beijing Tongren Hospital from October 2016 to November 2019 were retrospectively observed. Patients were divided into two groups, including pediatric group (23 eyes of 22 patients, <18 years old) and adult group (30 eyes of 30 patients, ≥18 years old). Success rate of surgery was determined by both subjective measure (complete resolution of epiphora) and objective measure (lacrimal passage irrigation and tear meniscus height). Fisher exact test was conducted.Results:By conducting Fisher exact test and comparing complete resolution of epiphora (P = 0.627), lacrimal passage irrigation (P = 0.663), measurement of Tear Meniscus Height (P = 0.561), and appearance of complication (P = 0.339), there was no statistically significant difference of surgical outcomes between pediatric and adult patients (P > 0.05).Conclusion:Hasner valve incision was effective for both adult and children with inferior nasolacrimal duct obstruction, with no difference in surgical outcomes between the two groups.

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简介：AbstractBackground:Fecal incontinence (FI) has been shown to be a common symptom in Western countries; however, there is few researches focusing on its epidemic condition in Chinese women. We conducted this national population-based epidemiology study to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of FI among adult Chinese women living in urban regions.Methods:This is a subgroup analysis of a national population-based epidemiology study of FI. Total 28,196 adult women from urban regions of six provinces and municipalities participated in this research from 2014 to 2015. They finished the questionnaire under the direction of trained interviewers. FI was defined as accidental leakage of flatus and/or liquid or solid stool at least once in the past. The FI prevalence trend and risk factors were identified by the Cochran-Armitage test, Chi-square test, and multivariable logistic regression.Results:The prevalence of FI in adult females in urban China was 0.43% (95% confidence interval: 0.35%-0.51%). Among women with FI, 42.96%, 82.96%, and 42.22% reported having leakage of solid, liquid stool, and gas, respectively. The overall FI prevalence and the incidence rate of solid stool/liquid stool/gas leakage increased with age. The mean Wexner score was 4.0% and 12.0% FI patients reported Wexner score ≥9. Body mass index ≥24 kg/m2, pelvic organ prolapses, chronic constipation, chronic cough, alcohol consumption, physical diseases including chronic bronchitis and cancer, gynecological diseases like gynecological inflammation are risk factors for FI. Vaginal delivery was the risk factor for FI in females with labor history.Conclusions:FI was not a common symptom in adult Chinese women living in urban areas and there were some potential modifiable risk factors.Trial Registration:Chinses Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR-OCS-14004675; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=4898

简介：AbstractOur study aimed to determine the effect of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio on the prognosis of adult patients with acute stroke. We searched the Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases and selected all of the potentially eligible studies. From the included studies, we extracted characteristics such as the stroke type and acquisition time until routine blood collection and the odds ratios across studies. The 95% confidence intervals and odds ratios were pooled to calculate the effect size for the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in acute stroke patients. We defined poor function outcomes according to the modified Rankin Scale ≥ 3 or Glasgow Outcome Scale< 3.Thirteen studies with 4443 patients were included in our analysis, including 7 ischemic and 6 hemorrhagic stroke studies. The pooled odds ratios for poor functional outcome at 3 months with a higher neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in acute ischemic and hemorrhagic patients were 1.689 (95% CI = 1.184-2.409, p < 0.001) and 1.125 (95% CI = 1.022-1.239, p < 0.001), respectively, and the overall pooled odds ratio for poor functional outcome following stroke was 1.257 (95% CI = 1.146-1.379, p < 0.001). At the same time, the overall combined odds ratio for death at 3 months was 1.632 (95% CI = 1.155-2.306, p < 0.001).The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, an easily calculated marker, plays a predictive role in the short-term outcomes of adult patients (mean age ≥ 50 years) following acute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.

简介：BACKGROUND:Studieshaveshownthatneurogenesisinthedentategyrusplaysanimportantroleinlearningandmemory.However,studieshavenotdeterminedwhetherthesuperiorcervicalganglionorthesympatheticnervesysteminfluenceshippocampalneurogenesisorlearningandmemoryinadultrats.OBJECTIVE:Toobservedifferencesindentategyrusneurogenesis,aswellaslearningandmemory,inadultratsfollowingsuperiorcervicalganglionectomy.DESIGN,TIMEANDSETTING:Arandomized,controlled,animalstudywasperformedattheImmunohistochemistryLaboratoryoftheSchoolofLifeSciencesinLanzhouUniversityfromJuly2006toJuly2007.MATERIALS:DoublecortinpolyclonalantibodywasprovidedbySantaCruzBiotechnology,USA;avidin-biotin-peroxidasecomplexwaspurchasedfromZhongshanGoldenbrideBiotechnology,China;MorriswatermazewasboughtfromTaimengTechnology,China.METHODS:Atotalof20adult,male,Wistarratswererandomlydividedintosurgeryandcontrolgroups,with10ratsineachgroup.Inthesurgerygroup,thebilateralsuperiorcervicalganglionsweretransected.Inthecontrolgroup,thesuperiorcervicalganglionswereonlyexposed,butnoganglionectomywasperformed.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:Toexaminedistribution,morphology,andnumberofnewbornneuronsinthedentategyrususingdoublecortinimmunohistochemistryat36daysfollowingsurgicalprocedures.ToexamineabilityoflearningandmemoryinadultratsusingtheMorriswatermazeat30daysfollowingsurgicalprocedures.RESULTS:Doublecortinimmunohistochemicalresultsshowedthatareductioninthenumberofdoublecortin-positiveneuronsinthesurgerygroupcomparedtothecontrolgroup(P<0.05),whilethedistributionofdoublecortin-positiveneuronswasidenticalinthetwogroups.Thesurgerygroupexhibitedsignificantlyworseperformanceinlearningandspatialmemorytaskscomparedtothecontrolgroup(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Superiorcervicalganglionectomyinhibitedneurogenesisinthedentategyrusanddecreasedlearningandmemorya

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简介：ObjectiveTo观察激活p21的kinase6(PAK6)在在成年rat.MethodsSprague-Dawley老鼠的针的绳索损害(SCI)以后的表示和它的可能的角色受到针的绳索损害。为了探索PAK6，表示模式和PAK6的分发的病理学、生理的意义，没被西方的污点观察，免疫组织化学和immunofluorescence.ResultsWestern污点分析证明PAK6蛋白质水平在白天2和白天4上是显著地起来调整的，然后减少了并且有到白天14为止的起来规定。免疫组织化学分析证明PAK6的表示显著地在与控制组相比的白天4上被增加。而且，染色的两倍immunofluorescence证明PAK6首先在控制组在神经原和星形细胞被表示。当时在损害以后，PAK6的表示在星形细胞显著地被增加，神经原，和星形细胞大部分被增殖。我们也检验了增殖的房间的表示原子抗原(PCNA)并且发现它的变化与PAK6的表示被相关。重要地，在在受伤针的绳索的PAK6的injury.ConclusionThe起来规定可以与glial增长被联系以后，染色的两倍immunofluorescence表明PCNA评估的房间增长在白天4上出现在许多PAK6-express-ing房间。

简介：Ciliaryneurotrophicfactoristheonlyknownneurotrophicfactorthatcanpromotedifferentiationofhippocampalneuralprogenitorcellstoglialcellsandneuronsinadultrats.Thisprocessissimilartospontaneousdifferentiation.Therefore,ciliaryneurotrophicfactormaybeinvolvedinspontaneousdifferentiationofneuralstemcells.Toverifythishypothesis,thepresentstudyisolatedneuralprogenitorcellsfromadultmaleratsandculturedtheminvitro.Resultsshowedthatwhenneuralprogenitorcellswereculturedintheabsenceofmitogenfibroblastgrowthfactor-2orepidermalgrowthfactor,theyunderwentspontaneousdifferentiationintoneuronsandglialcells.Westernblotandimmunocytochemicalstainingshowedthatexogenousciliaryneurotrophicfactorstronglyinducedadulthippocampalprogenitorcellstodifferentiateintoneuronsandglialcells.Moreover,passage4adulthippocampalprogenitorcellsexpressedhighlevelsofendogenousciliaryneurotrophicfactor,andaneutralizingantibodyagainstciliaryneurotrophicfactorpreventedthespontaneousneuronalandglialdifferentiationofadulthippocampalprogenitorcells.Theseresultssuggestthatthespontaneousdifferentiationofadulthippocampalprogenitorcellsismediatedpartiallybyendogenousciliaryneurotrophicfactor.

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简介：AbstractIntroduction:Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), the most common histiocytic disorder, characterized by the abnormal over production of histiocytes that tend to infiltrate single or multiple organ systems leading to significant tissue damage.Here we report a case of an adult patient who was diagnosed with LCH presenting as multisystem involvement.Case presentation:We describe a 23-year-old man suffering from central diabetes insipidus, "hemorrhoids", progressive hearing loss and a surge in weight. Physical examination revealed lesion involvement of the skin and mucous membranes, including the perianal area, gingiva, and external auditory canal. He was diagnosed as LCH, who achieved remission following a chemotherapy regimen.Discussion:LCH is common in children, but it is not surprising to see it in adults. The clinical manifestations of LCH are highly variable and may involve multiple organs and systems. While, skin involvement is the most obvious symptom, and dermatologists should be familiar with it. Chemotherapy is the first-line treatment for multisystem or multifocal single system adult LCH.Conclusion:Characteristic features of LCH involving the perianal area was described in this case which helped the dermatologist to make quick judgments. We also emphasize that a global concept should be established confronting with a patient with multiple complaints.

简介：ObjectiveToinvestigatetheeffectsofselectivenitricoxidesynthase(NOS)inhibitorsondentategyrusneurogenesisafterdiffusebraininjury(DBI)intheadultratbrain.MethodsAdultmaleSDratsweresubjectedtodiffusebraininjury(DBI)model.Byusingsystemicbromodeoxyuridine(BrdU)tolabeldividingcells,wecomparedtheproliferationrateof

简介：Injurytoaxonsclosetotheneuronalbodiesinthemammaliancentralnervoussystemcausesalargeproportionofparentingneuronstodegenerate.Itisknownthatopticnervetransectionclosetotheeyeinrodentsleadstoalossofabouthalfofretinalganglioncellsin1weekandabout90%in2weeks.Usinglowlevellasertreatmentinthepresentstudy,wedemonstratedthattreatmentwithhelium-neon(660nm)laserwith15mWpowercoulddelayretinalganglioncelldeathafteropticnerveaxotomyinadulthamsters.Theeffectwasmostapparentinthefirstweekwithashortperiodoftreatmenttime(5minutes)inwhich65–66%ofretinalganglioncellssurvivedtheopticnerveaxotomywhereas45–47%ofretinalganglioncellsdidsoinopticnerveaxotomycontrols.Wealsofoundthatsingledoseandearlycommencementoflaserirradiationwereimportantinprotectingretinalganglioncellsfollowingopticnerveaxotomy.Thesefindingsthusconvincinglyshowthatappropriatelasertreatmentmaybeneuroprotectivetoretinalganglioncells.更多还原

简介：摘要The rapid evolution of the health emergency linked to the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 requires specifications for the rehabilitative management of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The symptomatic evolution of patients with COVID-19 is characterized by 2 phases: an acute phase in which respiratory symptoms prevail and a postacute phase in which patients can show symptoms related to prolonged immobilization, to previous and current respiratory dysfunctions, and to cognitive and emotional disorders. Thus, there is the need for specialized rehabilitative care for these patients. This communication reports the experience of the San Raffaele Hospital of Milan and recommends the setup of specialized clinical pathways for the rehabilitation of patients with COVID-19. In this hospital, between February 1 and March 2, 2020, about 50 patients were admitted every day with COVID-19 symptoms. In those days, about 400 acute care beds were created (intensive care/infectious diseases). In the following 30 days, from March 2 to mid-April, despite the presence of 60 daily arrivals to the emergency department, the organization of patient flow between different wards was modified, and several different units were created based on a more accurate integration of patients′ needs. According to this new organization, patients were admitted first to acute care COVID-19 units and then to COVID-19 rehabilitation units, post-COVID-19 rehabilitation units, and/or quarantine/observation units. After hospital discharge, telemedicine was used to follow-up with patients at home. Such clinical pathways should each involve dedicated multidisciplinary teams composed of pulmonologists, physiatrists, neurologists, cardiologists, physiotherapists, neuropsychologists, occupational therapists, speech therapists, and nutritionists.