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简介：垂体腺瘤是一种常见的颅内肿瘤，占所有颅内肿瘤的10％～15％。虽然大多数垂体腺瘤是良性肿瘤，但是它常常引起一些内分泌症状，如巨人症、闭经泌乳及Cushing综合征等；另外由于其在颅内的特殊位置，肿瘤的增大和侵袭往往引起头痛、视力下降及视野缺损等症状。虽然近年来垂体腺瘤的诊断和治疗已取得长足的进步，但是部分垂体腺瘤尤其是侵袭性垂体腺瘤对于神经外科医师而言，

简介：microRNA是一类长约20-22个核苷酸的非编码小RNA,能够在转录后水平调控基因表达,在细胞衰老、疾病发生发展等多种生命进程中具有重要的调控作用,在抗衰老和多种疾病治疗方面具有巨大的应用潜力。近年来,microRNA在组织工程等领域均成为研究热点。本文对microRNA的生物合成过程、作用机制,及其与衰老相关疾病的关系和临床应用进展进行综述。

简介：Objective:Puremucinousbreastcarcinoma(PMBC)isanuncommonhistologicaltypeofbreastcancercharacterizedbyalargeamountofmucinproduction.MicroRNA(miRNA)isalargeclassofsmallnoncodingRNAofabout22ntinvolvedintheregulationofvariousbiologicalprocesses.ThisstudyaimstoidentifythemiRNAexpressionprofileinPMBC.Methods:MiRNAexpressionprofilesin11PMBCswereanalyzedbymiRNA-microarrayandreal-timepolymerasechainreaction(PCR).Thirty-onePMBCsand27invasiveductalcarcinomaofnospecialtypes(IDC-NSTs)wereassessedbyimmunohistochemistryusingantibodiesagainstER,PR-progesteronereceptor,HER2,Ki-67,Bcl-2,p53,PCNA,andCK5and6.Results:WeanalyzedthemiRNAexpressionin11PMBCsandcorrespondingnormaltissuesusingmiRNA-microarrayandreal-timePCR,andfoundthatmiR-143andmiR-224-5pweresignificantlydownregulatedinmucinouscarcinomatissue.ComparedwithIDC-NSTs,PMBCshowedasignificantlyhigherERpositiverate,lowerHER-2positiverate,andlowercellproliferationrates.Conclusions:Toourknowledge,thisisthefirststudytodemonstratethemiRNAexpressionprofileofPMBC,andourfindingsmayleadtofurtherunderstandingofthistypeofbreastcancer.

简介：MicroRNA（miRNA）是一种小的内源性非编码单链RNA分子，大约由21～25个核苷酸组成。这些小的miRNA通常靶向一个或者多个mRNA，通过翻译水平的抑制或断裂靶标mRNAs而调节基因的表达。miRNA在生物体内广泛存在，对多种生物学过程起调控作用，与细胞生长分化，器官发育（如内耳发育）和肿瘤产生等有密切关系。将来，miRNA很可能作为一种新的治疗因子用于恢复听力、再生毛细胞。

简介：摘要微小RNA（miRNA）广泛存在于神经系统，可影响突触可塑性、神经炎症、自噬、氧化应激和毒性蛋白聚集等病理生理过程，调节学习、记忆等高级认知功能，参与阿尔茨海默病、术后认知障碍等认知障碍相关疾病的病理过程。此外，外周miRNA动态变化与中枢神经系统miRNA相似，因此有望成为早期检测和评估认知障碍相关疾病进展的潜在生物学标志物。本文综述了miRNA调控高级认知功能的分子机制和认知障碍相关疾病的病理机制，以及外周miRNA作为认知障碍相关疾病潜在生物学标志物的临床应用进展。

简介：ObjectiveTocharacterizemicroRNA(miRNA)expressionprofileinmicrodissectedauditoryepitheliafromtheCorti'sOrganinnewbornandadultrats.MethodsTheTaqManMicroRNAArrayswereusedtoidentifyexpressionofmicroRNAinthenewbornandadultgroups.GOanalysiswasappliedtoanalyzethemainfunctionofthedifferentialexpressiongenesaccordingtotheGeneOntologywhichisthekeyfunctionalclassificationofNCBI.Similarly,PathwayanalysiswasusedtofindoutthesignificantpathwayofthedifferentialgenesaccordingtoKEGG,BiocartaandReatome.ResultsIncreasedexpressionwasseenin16miRNAsinmatureratcomparedtonewbornrats,withincreasedfoldingrangingfrom17to600folds.Expressionlevelsin2miRNAswerereducedinmaturerats,namelyrno-miR-29candrno-miR-29a.Thehigh-enrichmentGOstargetedbyover-expressedmiRNAswerenegativeregulationofepithelialcelldifferentiation,common-partnerSMADproteinphosphorylation,mesenchymal-epithelialcellsignaling,regulationoftransforminggrowthfactorbeta2production,etc.FunctionalanalysisofmiRNAsbyKEGGrevealedthat19signaltransductionpathwayswereupregulatedand14weredownregulated.ConclusionsThedifferenceinmiRNAexpressionpatternsintheorganofCortibetweenneonatalandadultratsmaybecloselyrelatedtomaturationoftheorganofCortiandlossofproliferativecapacityofinnerearhaircells,andTGFβsignalingmayplayanimportantroleinhaircellsregeneration.

简介：目的通过对结直肠癌患者血清进行实时定量PCR检测,筛选出结直肠癌转移相关的miRNA。方法通过文献检索,筛选出11个结直肠癌转移相关的miRNA（miRs-31,335,206,141,126,200b,200c,21,Let7a,Let7b和Let7c）,收集2007年7月至2013年4月北京友谊医院收治的术前留置血清的结直肠癌转移（IV期）病例共计108例,其中结直肠肝转移患者72例,其他脏器转移患者36例;并纳入2008年1月至2010年6月术前留置血清的局灶性结直肠癌（L-CRC）（I-III期）病例共计116例作为对照组进行研究。通过对两组患者血清样本进行实时定量PCR检测结果找出结直肠癌转移相关miRNA。结果筛选出11个转移相关的miRNA中的7个miRNA（miRs-31、141、126、21、Let7a、Let7b和Let7c）可以从血清中被检测到。与局灶性结直肠癌患者相比,miR-141,miR-126,Let-7a和miR-21在转移性结直肠癌患者的血清中表达具有显著性差异（P〈0.0001,P〈0.0001,P=0.0120和P〈0.0001）,可以作为结直肠癌转移相关miRNA。结论7个转移相关MiRNAs：miRs-31、141、126、21、Let7a、Let7b和Let7c可以从结直肠癌患者血清中被检测到;miR-141,miR-126,Let-7a和miR-21可以作为结直肠癌转移相关miRNA。

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简介：血管再生和形成对创伤愈合、缺血性疾病治疗及骨缺损修复重建等具有重要作用。小分子RNAfMicroRNAs，miRNAs）是一类小的内源性非编码RNA，通过作用于靶mRNA，促进降解或转录，抑制调控基因的表达。目前证明miRNAs在血管再生和血管性疾病中发挥重要作用。本文综述IniRNAs在血管形成、聚集，特别是缺血后新生血管形成中的作用，希望为临床上miRNAs治疗缺血性疾病和骨修复重建提供新的思路。

简介：MicroRNAs(miRNAs)aredynamicallyregulatedduringneurodevelopment,yetfewreportshaveexaminedtheirroleinspinabifida.Inthisstudy,weusedanestablishedfetalratmodelofspinabifidainducedbyintragastricallyadministeringoliveoil-containingall-transretinoicacidtodamsonday10ofpregnancy.Damsthatreceivedintragastricadministrationofall-transretinoicacid-freeoliveoilservedascontrols.ThemiRNAexpressionprofileintheamnioticfluidofratsat20daysofpregnancywasanalyzedusinganmiRNAmicroarrayassay.Comparedwiththatincontrolfetuses,theexpressionofmiRNA-9,miRNA-124a,andmiRNA-138wassignificantlydecreased(>2-fold),whereastheexpressionofmiRNA-134wassignificantlyincreased(>4-fold)intheamnioticfluidofratswithfetusesmodelingspinabifida.Theseresultswerevalidatedusingreal-timequantitativereverse-transcriptionpolymerasechainreaction.HierarchicalclusteringanalysisofthemicroarraydatashowedthatthesedifferentiallyexpressedmiRNAscoulddistinguishfetusesmodelingspinabifidafromcontrolfetuses.OurbioinformaticsanalysissuggestedthatthesedifferentiallyexpressedmiRNAswereassociatedwithmanycytologicalpathways,includinganervoussystemdevelopmentsignalingpathway.ThesefindingsindicatethatfurtherstudiesarewarrantedexaminingtheroleofmiRNAsthroughtheirregulationofavarietyofcellfunctionalpathwaysinthepathogenesisofspinabifida.Suchstudiesmayprovidenoveltargetsfortheearlydiagnosisandtreatmentofspinabifida.

简介：Receptortyrosinekinases(RTKs)suchastheepidermalgrowthfactorreceptor(EGFR)regulatecellularhomeostaticprocesses.EGFRactivatesdownstreamsignalingcascadesthatpromotetumorcellsurvival,proliferationandmigration.DysregulationofEGFRsignalingasaconsequenceofoverexpression,amplificationandmutationoftheEGFRgeneoccursfrequentlyinseveraltypesofcancersandmanybecomedependentonEGFRsignalingtomaintaintheirmalignantphenotypes.Consequently,concertedeffortshavebeenmountedtodeveloptherapeuticagentsandstrategiestoeffectivelyinhibitEGFR.However,limitedtherapeuticbenefitstocancerpatientshavebeenderivedfromEGFR-targetedtherapies.Awell-documentedobstacletoimprovedpatientsurvivalisthepresenceofEGFR-inhibitorresistanttumorcellvariantswithinheterogeneoustumorcellmasses.Here,wesummarizethemechanismsbywhichtumorsresistEGFR-targetedtherapiesandhighlighttheemergingroleofmicroRNAs(miRs)asdownstreameffectormoleculesutilizedbyEGFRtopromotetumorinitiation,progressionandthatplayaroleinresistancetoEGFRinhibitors.WealsoexamineevidencesupportingtheutilityofmiRsaspredictorsofresponsetotargetedtherapiesandnoveltherapeuticagentstocircumventEGFR-inhibitorresistancemechanisms.

简介：AbstractIn recent years, an increasing number of young women have been diagnosed with cancer, including some nulliparous women. Therefore, many young patients with early-stage cancer desire to preserve fertility after cytotoxic oncological treatments. It is important to develop a multidisciplinary approach to achieve the best outcomes for each patient. On the other hand, there has been a sharp increase in microRNAs (miRNAs) as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and evaluation of treatment efficacy of several diseases. MiR-543 has been reported to affect the pathogenesis and progression of diseases via complex mechanisms. Understanding the regulatory role of miR-543 may aid comprehension of the pathogenesis and treatment of a broad range of diseases. Therefore, we provide an overview of the biogenesis, function, and role of miR-543 in various systems. These results shed light on the anticancer and endometrial protection role of miR-543 in young patients with gynecologic tumors and highlight the clinical potential of miR-543-based applications and related challenges.

简介：摘要MicroRNAs是在真核生物中发现的一类内源性的具有调控功能的非编码RNA。研究表明miRNA参与各种各样的调节途径，预计调节控制超过60％的蛋白编码基因并且参与几乎全部已知的细胞进程，如细胞周期、分化、细胞增殖、凋亡等。miRNA在临床疾病形成过程中起着重要的作用，其异常的表达水平与多种疾病的发生密切相关。本文综述了目前国内外miRNA在肿瘤疾病中的应用研究的现状及最新进展。

简介：摘要角膜新生血管可继发于多种眼部疾病，是影响角膜透明度的主要原因之一。微小RNA(microRNA, miRNA)与病理性角膜新生血管密切相关，可通过调控多种细胞因子的表达和信号传导途径影响角膜新生血管生成。抑制角膜新生血管的miRNA包括miR-184、miR-204，促进角膜新生血管的miRNA包括miR-126、miR-132、miR-21和miR-27a/b。调控这些miRNA有望成为角膜新生血管的治疗方法。对促进角膜血管新生的miRNA，可使用反义miRNA寡核苷酸antagomir抑制内源性miRNA作用。(国际眼科纵览，2020, 44: 192-196)

简介：Epithelialovariancancer(EOC)istheleadingcauseofdeathamongallgynecologicalmalignancies.Despitethetechnologicalandmedicaladvancesoverthepastfourdecades,suchasthedevelopmentofseveralbiologicalmarkers(mRNAandproteinsbiomarkers),themortalityrateofovariancancerremainsachallengebecauseofitslatediagnosis,whichisspecificallyattributedtolowspecificitiesandsensitivities.Underthiscompulsivescenario,recentadvancesinexpressionbiologyhaveshiftedinidentifyinganddevelopingspecificandsensitivebiomarkers,suchasmicroRNAs(miRNAs)forcancerdiagnosisandprognosis.MiRNAsareanovelclassofsmallnon-codingRNAsthatderegulategeneexpressionattheposttranscriptionallevel,eitherbytranslationalrepressionorbymRNAdegradation.Thesemechanismsmaybeinvolvedinacomplexcascadeofcellulareventsassociatedwiththepathophysiologyofmanytypesofcancer.MiRNAsareeasilydetectableintissueandbloodsamplesofcancerpatients.Therefore,miRNAsholdgoodpromiseaspotentialbiomarkersinovariancancer.Inthisreview,weattemptedtoprovideacomprehensiveprofileofkeymiRNAsinvolvedinovariancarcinomatoestablishmiRNAsasmorereliablenon-invasiveclinicalbiomarkersforearlydetectionofovariancancercomparedwithproteinandDNAbiomarkers.

简介：microRNA（miRNA）是小分子RNA中的一种。小分子RNA包括microRNA、siRNA、shortRNA等。目前已鉴定的miR-NA超过700种,仅占人类基因组序列的1%-3%,却参与1/3基因表达的调控,在生长发育,细胞分化、增殖、凋亡,肿瘤发生等过程中发挥重要作用。本文就miRNA在肾脏疾病研究中的应用及最新进展做一综述。

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简介：MicroRNA（miRNA）是一类小的非编码RNA，在转录后水平通过负性调节基因的表达从而维持细胞分化、增殖、凋亡等多种过程的动态平衡。大量研究已表明，作为肿瘤抑制和致癌途径中组成部分的miRNA，它们表达的异常与多种癌症的发生相关。尽管目前在控制肿瘤形成方面已有进展，但是针对不同的肿瘤仍缺乏有效的诊断和治疗。研究显示，不同肿瘤中具有特异性的miRNA表达谱，对此进行分析可能有助于解决肿瘤诊断和治疗方面的难题。本文对近些年miRNA在肿瘤中的相关研究做了总结，以为肿瘤的诊断和治疗提供新的视角。