简介：

简介：Assessmentofsoilqualityisimportantforoptimumproductionandnaturalresourcesconservation.AgriculturalandpasturesoilqualitiesofDeh-SorkhregionlocatedatsouthofMashhad,northeasternIranwereassessedusingtheintegratedqualityindex(IQI)andNemeroqualityindex(NQI)modelsincombinationwithtwodatasets,i.e.,totaldataset(TDS)andminimumdataset(MDS).Inthisstudy6soilpropertiesconsideredasMDSwereselectedoutof18propertiesasTDSusingprinciplecomponentanalysis.Soilsamplesweredividedinto3groupsbasedonoptimumrangesof8soilphysicalqualityindicators.Soilsampleswiththemostindicatorsatoptimumrangewereselectedasgroup1andthesampleshavingfewerindicatorsatoptimumrangewerelocatedingroups2and3.Optimumrangesofsoilporesizedistributionfunctionswerealsodeterminedassoilphysicalqualityindicesbasedon8soilphysicalqualityindicators.Poresizedistributioncurvesofgroup1wereconsideredastheoptimumporesizefunctions.Theresultsshowedthatrelativelyhighorganiccarboncontentscouldimproveporesizedistribution.Meancomparisonsofsoilphysicalqualityindicatorsdemonstratedthatmeanweightdiameterofwetaggregates,structuralstabilityindex,theslopeofmoistureretentioncurveatinflectionpoint,andplantavailablewatercontentinagriculturallandusedecreasedsignificantlyinrelationtopasturelanduse.Inaddition,theresultsdemonstratedthatthestudiedMDScouldbeasuitablerepresentativeofTDS.78%ofpasturesoilshadtheoptimumporesizedistributionfunctions,whilethisparameterforagriculturalsoilswasonly13%.Ingeneral,thesoilsofthestudiedregionshowedhighlimitationsforplantgrowthaccordingtothestudiedindicators.

简介：Soilsalinityandalkalinityadverselyaffectstheproductivityandgrainqualityofrice.Thegrainqualityof19ricegenotypescharacterizedassalttolerant(T),semi-tolerant(ST)andsensitive(S)wasassessedinlysimeterscontainingsalineandhighlyalkalinesoils.Headricerecoverywasreducedbysalinitystresswhereasitwasnotaffectedbyalkalinitystress.Theratiooflengthtowidth(graindimensions)wassignificantlyreducedintheTgenotypeevenatlowelectricalconductivity(EC,4mS/cm)andalkalinity(pH9.5),whereasintheSTgenotype,itwassignificantlyreducedathighsalinity(EC8mS/cm).TherewasnosignificanteffectofanylevelsofsalinityoralkalinityongraindimensionsintheSgenotype.AmylosecontentwassignificantlyreducedinTandSTgroupsevenatlowEC(4mS/cm)andalkalinity(pH9.5)andtheeffectintheSgenotypewasonlyathighsalinity.Starchcontentshowedsignificantreductionathighsalinityandalkalinity(EC8mS/cmandpH9.8)intheTandSTgenotypesandnosignificanteffectwasobservedintheSgenotype.Theeffectofbothlevelsofsalinity(EC4and8mS/cm)andhighalkalinity(pH9.8)ongelconsistencywasobservedonlyintheSgenotype.ThetolerantgenotypesIR36underhighsalinity,andCSR10andCSR11underalkalistressshowedlessreductioninamylosecontent.TheTgenotypeBR4-10,andSTgenotypesCSR30,CSR29andCSR13showedbettergelconsistencyundersalineandalkalistress.Amylosecontentwasaffectedevenatlowsalinitystressandthusimportanttobeconsideredinbreedingriceforsalttolerance.Overall,thegrainqualityofTandSTgenotypeswaslessaffectedbysalineandalkalistresscomparedtoSones.

简介：Wetlandsoilqualitydegradationcausedbylarge-scaleagriculturalreclamationontheSanjiangPlainofNortheastChinahasbeenwidelyreported.Arelativesoilqualityevaluation(RSQE)modelandaprojectionpursuitevaluation(PPE)modelbasedonreal-codedacceleratinggeneticalgorithmwereintroducedtoevaluatequalityvariationsintoplayersofthemainwetlandsoilsontheSanjiangPlainin1999and2003,respectively.Assoilqualitydegradationboundarieswerevague,thisstudyestablishedtwofuzzysyntheticevaluation(FSE)modelsbasedontheoriginaldataandcriteriausedintheRSQEandPPEmodels.TheoutputsofthetwoFSEmodelswereobtainedbychoosingtwofuzzycompositeoperatorsM(∧,∨)andM(·,⊕).StatisticalanalysisshowedthattheresultsoftheFSE,RSQE,andPPEmodelswerecorrelated.Inparticular,outputsoftheFSEmodelusingM(·,⊕)weresignificantlycorrelatedwiththoseoftheRSQEmodelwithr=0.989atP<0.01.ComparedwithRSQEandPPEmodels,theFSEmodelmaybemoreobjectiveinshowingsoilqualityvariationsandwasclosertothenaturalsituation,showingthefeasibilityandapplicabilityoftheFSEmodelinevaluatingsoilqualitydegradation.However,thechoiceofcompositeoperatorwasofcriticalimportance.ThestudyofwetlandsoilqualitydegradationontheSanjiangPlainwasofscientificandpracticalsignificanceforprotectionandmanagementofsoilsandforsustainabledevelopmentofagricultureinthisareainthefuture.

简介：很少对在差的oxisol上的为非洲(NERICA)的在新瑞斯的生产和质量上的在植被盖子下面的直接播种的影响被知道。在这研究，二个NERICA变化(NERICA3和NERICA8)与很低的滋养的内容在热带oxisol土壤下面被种。四个耕作系统在完全使随机化的块设计被使用，包括耕作(控制)，有死了的植被盖子(DVC)的unplowed土壤，有实时植被盖子(LVC)的unplowed土壤和unplowed与混合植被盖子(MVC)玷污。DVC显著地改进了NERICA的指数的生长。NERICA3是更多生产(2.16-3.05?t/hm2)与NERICA8相比(0.71-1.21?t/hm2)。耕作系统改进了NERICA的营养的质量。在DVC和MVC下面的NERICA3的全部的蛋白质内容分别地比控制高是84.8%和75.0%。全部的可溶的糖类在LVC下面NERICA8满足，MVC分别地比控制高是73.2%和57.3%。这些结果建议了象与植被盖子系统的在unplowed土壤上的直接播种一样的那条保守途径能在sub-Saharan非洲在差的oxisol土壤下面改进rainfedNERICA和他们的持续生产的营养的质量。

简介：Theperformanceandinheritanceof7qualitytraitswerestudiedusingF2ricegrainderivedfrom8×8diallelcrossingmadebyemploying8parentsofdifferentecologicaljaponicaricetypes.Differencesineachtraitamong8parentswerenotobvious,butinF2generation,transgressivephenomenawerefoundinallthetraitsstudied,indicatingthatthegenescontrollingthesetraitsamongparentsweresegregated.Theinheritanceofgrainwidth,grainweight,chalkinessscore(CS),gelatinizationtemperature(GT)andgelconsistency(GC)weresuitabletoadditive-dominantmodel,anddominanteffectcontributedmainlyforthe5traits.Theinheritanceofgrainlength(GL)andamylosecontent(AC)didnotfitintoadditive-dominantmodel,existingepistaticinteractions.Dominantgenesforgrainwidthandgrainweighthadtheefficiencyofdecreasingeffect,anddominantgenesforCS,GTandGChadtheefficiencyofenhancingeffect.Koshihikaricontainedmorerecessivegenesforgelatinizationtemperaturethanothervarieties.Zhendao88hadmoredominantgenesingrainwidthandgrainweightthanothervarieties.Xiushui04possessedmoredominantgenesforGLandGC,andmorerecessivegenesforCSthanothervarieties.

简介：四的谷物质量和安全刚收获了在圣特Catarina的北方在灌溉系统下面种的栽培变种(Epagri109，SCS114Andosan，TioTaka113和Epagri115CL)说的稻米饭(OryzasativaL.)，巴西被学习。评估的优秀参数是mycoflora，mycotoxins(黄麴毒素，ochratoxinA和zearalenone)，除了环境条件(相对湿度和温度)的水分发(潮湿内容和水活动)和在收获和预定的工业接收之间的关系。所有栽培变种介绍了8.6h的一平均等待时间(从0.3～24.9h)，8.6獩祰楲慢?的全部的真菌负担??‥吗？？

简介：QTLmappingforsevenqualitytraitswasconductedbyusing254recombinantinbredlines(RIL)derivedfromajaponica-japonicaricecrossofXiushui79/CBao.Theseventraitsinvestigatedweregrainlength(GL),grainlengthtowidthratio(LWR),chalkgrainrate(CGR),chalkinessdegree(CD),gelatinizationtemperature(GT),amylosecontent(AC)andgelconsistency(GC)ofheadrice.ThreemappingmethodsemployedwerecompositeintervalmappinginQTLMapper2.0softwarebasedonmixedlinearmodel(MCIM),inclusivecompositeintervalmappinginQTLIciMapping3.0softwarebasedonstepwiseregressionlinearmodel(ICIM)andmultipleintervalmappingwithregressionforwardselectioninWindowsQTLCartographer2.5basedonmultipleregressionanalysis(MIMR).ResultsshowedthatfiveQTLswithadditiveeffect(A-QTLs)weredetectedbyallthethreemethodssimultaneously,twobytwomethodssimultaneously,and23byonlyonemethod.FiveA-QTLsweredetectedbyMCIM,ninebyICIMand28byMIMR.ThecontributionratesofsingleA-QTLrangedfrom0.89%to38.07%.AlltheQTLswithepistaticeffect(E-QTLs)detectedbyMIMRwerenotdetectedbytheothertwomethods.FourteenpairsofE-QTLsweredetectedbybothMCIMandICIM,and142pairsofE-QTLsweredetectedbyonlyonemethod.Twenty-fivepairsofE-QTLsweredetectedbyMCIM,141pairsbyICIMandfourpairsbyMIMR.ThecontributionratesofsinglepairofE-QTLwerefrom2.60%to23.78%.IntheXiu-BaoRILpopulation,epistaticeffectplayedamajorroleinthevariationofGLandCD,andadditiveeffectwasthedominantinthevariationofLWR,whilebothepistaticeffectandadditiveeffecthadequalimportanceinthevariationofCGR,AC,GTandGC.QTLsdetectedbytwoormoremethodssimultaneouslywerehighlyreliable,andcouldbeappliedtoimprovethequalitytraitsinjaponicahybridrice.

简介：到有冷忍耐的无热水设备灌溉和它的关联的谷物质量特点的反应从云南省在11个装饰用的梨树米饭变化被学习，中国。结果显示到无热水设备压力的谷物质量特点的反应与米饭变化和谷物质量特点变化了。在无热水设备压力下面，，谷物宽度，白垩的米饭率，白色，1000谷物重量，稻谷率，味道米价值，山峰粘性，马槽粘性，故障粘性和最后的粘性显著地减少了谷物长度宽度比率，头米饭率，碱消化价值，蛋白质内容和挫折粘性显著地增加了。然而，象谷物长度，直链淀粉内容，milled米饭率，山峰粘性时间和粘贴的温度那样的另外的特点没被无热水设备压力显著地影响。重要关联在phenotypic可接受程度和味道米价值，蛋白质内容，山峰粘性和故障粘性的冷反应索引之间被发现。因此，改进云南米饭变化的冷忍耐以便稳定并且改善他们的吃的质量将是很重要的。

简介：Soilqualityassessmenthasbeensuggestedasaneffectivetoolforevaluatingsustainabilityofsoilandcropmanagementpractices.Theobjectiveofthisstudywastodevelopasensitivesoilqualityindex(SQI)basedonbulkdensity(BD),water-holdingcapacity(WHC),water-stableaggregates(WSA),aggregatemeanweightdiameter(AMWD),totalorganicC(TOC)andCinputtoevaluatetheimportantrice-wheatcroppingsystemonanInceptisolinIndia.Along-termexperimenthasbeenconductedfor18yearsattheIndianCouncilofAgriculturalResearch-IndianInstituteofFarmingSystemsResearch,Modipuram,India.Thetreatmentsselectedforthisstudywerecomprisedofano-fertilizercontrolandN,PandKfertilizers(NPK)combinedwithZnandSfertilizers(NPK+Zn+S),farmyardmanure(NPK+FYM),greengramresidues(NPK+GR)andcerealresidues(NPK+CR),laidoutinarandomizedcompleteblockdesignwiththreereplications.SoilsampleswerecollectedandanalyzedforBD,WHC,WSAandTOC.Correlationanalysisrevealedthatbothriceandwheatyieldssigni?cantlyincreasedwiththeincreasesinAMWD,TOCandCinput,butdecreasedwiththeincreaseinBD.TheSQIvalueswerethengeneratedbasedonregressionanalysisofBD,WSA,AMWD,TOCandCinputwithriceandwheatyieldsforthe0–15and15–30cmsoillayers,respectively.RegressionanalysesbetweencropyieldsandSQIvaluesshowedaquadratictypeofrelationwiththecoeffcientofdetermination(R~2)varyingfrom0.78to0.89.Withregardtosoilsustainability,applyingcropresiduestobothriceandwheatcouldmaintainsoilqualityforalongerperiod,whereasthehighestyieldsofboththecropswererecordedintheNPK+Zn+Streatment.Theregressionequationsdevelopedinthisstudycouldbeusedtomonitorsoilqualityinasubhumidtropicalrice-wheatcroppingsystem.

简介：有在家和国外的好吃的质量的60常规装饰用的梨树米饭就职的差异用SSR分子的标记，农学的特点和味道特征被分析。290等位基因的一个总数在72SSRloci在60就职被检测，高类似系数在0.600和0.924之间变化。染色体5上的loci在平均等位基因数字显示出最大的价值。另外，大多数SSRloci能检测3～4等位基因。UPGMAdendrogram基于基因类似系数的簇分析证明米饭就职的部分的组织趋势是地理相关的并且大多数在江苏省的米饭就职，中国一起被聚类。而且，来自南方的许多国内就职和在中国的北方起源接近了外国装饰用的梨树米饭变化，从外国高质量的来源由他们的家谱起源证明了。为味道特征，尽管他们来自不同地理区域，有优秀味觉的就职的部分清楚地被聚类进一个范畴，它显示一些变化的味道特征主要是遗传上坚定的。另外，有好味觉的装饰用的梨树米饭的农学的特点可能仔细与他们的地理起源，而是在优异味道特征和农学的特点之间的关系被联系应该进一步被澄清。

简介：有在吃并且煮的质量的重要差别的四个装饰用的梨树米饭变化在实验被使用。变化在充满阶段的不同谷物在直链淀粉和胶淀粉内容显示出差别，它在充满阶段的不同谷物被归因于淀粉的积聚的速度。在充满时期的谷物期间，变化没在ADPglocosepyrophosphorylase(AGPP)和最可溶的拱门合成(SSS)的活动到达了最大值的时间有差别，但是在淀粉分叉酶(SBE)的活动到达了最大值的时间有差别，在哪个劣等的优秀变化比高质量的早，并且高质量的变化仍然在谷物充满的最近的年龄使酶活动高。在性质与谷物充满的不同阶段改变了的AGPP，SSS，SBE和直链淀粉内容，胶淀粉内容，味道米价值，和RVA之间的关联和关联词度。在SSS活动和味道米价值之间的关联不在谷物充满的整个时期期间是重要的，但是AGPP和SBE的活动与味道米价值有重要或高度重要的关联。它对改进吃并且装饰用的梨树米饭煮在谷物作为父母在迟了的阶段充满或高酶活动的早阶段与低酶活动使用材料的质量有用。

简介：Bothofstraightandincliningpoplarclone107treewereselectedforstudyingmaterialsinthispaper.Theoptimalpulpingconditionswasestablishedbyorthogonalexperimentaldesignbothfornormalwoodandtensionwood,andthequalityofpulpingandpaper-makingbetweennormalwoodandtensionwoodwascomparedwitheachother.Finally,potentialapplicationforimprovingpaperqualityoftensionwoodthroughincreasingbeatingrevolutionswasdiscussed.Theresultshowedthattheoptimalcookingconditionfornormalwoodwasalkaliconcentration15%,thehighesttemperature164℃,timeathighesttemperature75min,andfortensionwooditwasalkaliconcentration13%,thehighesttemperature160℃,timeathighesttemperature40min.Pathcoefficientofeffectofalkaliconcentrationbothonpulpyieldandkappavaluewassignificantatdifferentlevels.Bycomparisonbetweenaverageresultofnormalwoodandtensionwoodinqualityofpulpingandpaper-making,itwasfoundthattensionwoodhadhigherpulpingyieldandlowerkappavaluethannormalwood.Furthermore,forallmechanicalpropertiesofpaper,normalwoodholdhighervaluethantensionwood,andevenneartwotimesthantensionwood,suchasburstindexandtensileindex.However,differenceoftearindexwasquitenarrow.ResultofonewayANOVAshowedthatdifferenceofburstindexandtearindexbetweennormalwoodandtensionwoodwassignificantatthe0.001level,oftearindexwassignificantatthe0.05level.Basedonobservationofcrosssurfaceofpaper,itwasassumedthatcontributionofgelatinouslayertorigidityofsinglefiberhadhamperedcollapseandcompressionoffiberduringpaperformation,whichisessentialforexertingcombinationbetweenfibersinpaper.So,mechanicalpropertiesoftensionwoodpaperweredecreasedaccordingly.However,owingtohighcellulosecontentofgelatinouslayer,tensionwoodwaseasiertopulpingthannormalwood.Mechanicalpropertiesoftensionwoodpapercouldbeimprovedbyincreasingbeatingrevolutions,