简介：Marineorganismsconstituteunlimitedresourceofbioactivesubstancesduetotheirhighbiodiversityandrepresentavaluablesourceofnewcompounds.Thisstudyoptimizedthealkali-extractionconditionsandantioxidantactivitiesofsolublepolysaccharidesfromthebodywallofSipunculusnudus.Theeffectsofsolid-liquidratio,extractionduration,extractiontemperature,andalkaliconcentrationontheyieldofS.nuduspolysaccharides(SNP)wereexamined,accordingtowhichtheoptimalcombinationofextractionparameterswasobtainedbyanorthogonaltest.TherelativeinfluencingimportanceofdifferentextractionparametersontheyieldofSNPfollowedtheorderassolid-liquidratio>extractiontemperature>alkaliconcentration>extractionduration.Thehighestextractionyield,1.98%,wasachievedunderanoptimalextractioncondition:temperature60℃,solid-liquidratio1:6gmL?1,duration5h,andalkali(NaOH)massfraction6%.TheinvitroantioxidantactivitiesexaminationshowedthatextractedSNPunderthisoptimizedconditionhadstrongpowerinreducingcertainhydroxylandsuperoxideradicalscavengingabilities.ThepromisingresultsshowedthatextractedSNPcouldbeapotentnaturalantioxidant.

简介：Mercury(Hg)isoneofthecommonlyencounteredheavymetals,whichiswidespreadininshoresedimentsofChina.InordertoinvestigatethetoxicityofHgonmarineinvertebrates,westudiedtheeffectsofthedivalentmercuricion(Hg2+)(attwofinalconcentrationsof0.0025and0.0050mgL-1,preparedwithHgCl2)onmetallothionein(MT)content,DNAintegrity(DNAstrandbreaks)andcatalase(CAT)inthegillsandhepatopancreas,antioxidantenzymeactivitiesofsuperoxidedismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT)andglutathioneperoxidase(GPx),inthehemolymph,gillsandhepatopancreasoftheportunidcrabCharybdisjaponicaforanexperimentperiodupto15d.TheresultsindicatedthatMTwassignificantlyinducedafter3d,withapositivecorrelationwithHg2+doseandtimeinthehepatopancreasandanegativecorrelationwithHg2+doseandtimeinthegills.WhileCATinthehemolymphwasnotdetected,itincreasedinthehepatopancreasduringtheentireexperiment;SODandGPxinthethreetissueswerestimulatedafter12h,bothattainedpeakvalueandthenreducedduringtheexperimentalperiod.Meanwhile,DNAstrandbreakswereallinducedsignificantlyafter12h.TheseresultssuggestedthedetoxificationstrategiesagainstHg2+inthreetissuesofC.japonica.

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简介：Zygosaccharomycesrouxiiisasalt-tolerantyeastspeciescapableofremovingcadmium(Cd)pollutantfromaqueoussolution.Presently,thephysiologicalcharacteristicsofZ.rouxiiunderthestressofsodiumchloride(NaCl)andCdarepoorlyunderstood.ThisstudyinvestigatedtheeffectsofNaClandCdonthegrowth,oxidativestressandantioxidantenzymeactivitiesofZ.rouxiiafterstresstreatmentfor24h.ResultsshowedthatNaClorCdalonenegativelyaffectedthegrowthofZ.rouxii,butthegrowth-inhibitingeffectofCdonZ.rouxiiwasreducedinthepresenceofNaCl.FlowcytometryassayshowedthatunderCdstress,NaClsignificantlyreducedtheproductionofreactiveoxygenspecies(ROS)andcelldeathofZ.rouxiicomparedwiththoseintheabsenceofNaCl.Theactivitiesofsuperoxidedismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),andperoxidase(POD)ofZ.rouxiiweresignificantlyenhancedby2%–6%NaCl,whichlikelycontributedtothehighsalttoleranceofZ.rouxii.ThePODactivitywasinhibitedby20mgL-1CdwhiletheSODandCATactivitieswereenhancedby8mgL-1Cdandinhibitedby20mgL-1or50mgL-1Cd.Theinhibitoryeffectofhigh-levelCdontheantioxidantenzymeactivitiesofZ.rouxiiwascounteractedbythecombineduseofNaCl,especiallyat6%.ThisprobablyaccountedforthedecreaseinCd-inducedROSproductionandcelldeathofZ.rouxiiafterincubationwithNaClandCd.OurworkprovidedphysiologicalcluesastotheuseofZ.rouxiiasabiosorbentforCdremovalfromseawaterandliquidhighlysaltyfood.

简介：在在废水处理过程的雌激素的活动和DOC/UV260比率之间的关联被调查为雌激素的物质的存在建议简单、可靠、全面的指示物。与这相反，当象你屏幕，受体绑定和记者基因表达式试金那样的短期的生物鉴定被用于在废水样品检测雌激素的活动时，他们要求很长时间，至少一些天。贡献雌激素的活动的主要因素被发现是17β-estradiol(E2)和雌素酉同(E1)。在DOC/UV260比率和在活性污泥过程的自河的雌激素(E1和E2)的集中之间的Agood关系被发现：当DOC/UV260ratio增加了，当E1集中减少了时，E2集中增加了。相对雌激素的活动andDOC/UV260比率显示出好关联(R~2=0.84)为除了在污水处理工厂的ozonized样品的所有污水样品。这研究证明雌激素的混合物是难的被常规生物过程使矿物化。先进氧化过程被要求进一步在第二等的自河移开雌激素的物质。由文档和UV260的分析，在废水的雌激素的活动能很快被估计。

简介：TheantineoplasticactivityofpolysaccharidewasinvestigatedinStichopuschlorontus,Isostichopusbadionotus,StichopushorrensandHolothurialessonimassin.CrudepolysaccharidewaspreparedwithenzymehydrolyzationmethodandpurifiedbyanionexchangechromatographyusingDEAE-sepharosefastflowcolumn.TheeffectofpolysaccharideoncellsapoptosisofSiHaandU87wasexaminedwithcellcountingkit-8colorimetrymethod.Westernblottingwasusedtoanalyzerelatedproteinsofcellularapoptosisincludingp53andBcl-2.Resultsshowedthatthereweretwomaincomponentsineachseacucumberpolysaccharide,whichcouldbeeluteddownby1.0mol/LNaClsolution.ThefourtypesofpolysaccharideinthesecondcomponentwerenamedasSC-2,IB-2,HLM-2andSH-2,respectively.Theywereusedforcomparingtheantineoplasticactivity.ResultsshowedthatSC-2,IB-2,HLM-2andSH-2couldpromoteapoptosisofU87andSiHacells.SH-2andHLM-2wereselectedforthesubsequentexperimenttoexploretheadditionaleffectofU87andSiHacells,TheproteinexpressionsofBcl-2andp53decreasedconsiderablywiththeincreaseofpolysaccharideconcentrationinU87cells.InSiHacells,proteinexpressionsofBcl-2andhighdosagegroupofp53decreasedsignificantly,whereasnoobviousdecreasewasobservedinothergroups.ThepolysaccharidesaremoreeffectiveinpromotingapoptosisofU87andSiHacellsfromS.horrensandH.lessonimassinthanfromtherestspecies.

简介：Thispaperanalyzesthecharacteristicsofsupertyphoons(STYs)overthewesternNorthPacific(WNP)from1965to2005anddescribestheseasonalvariabilityofSTYactivity.TherelationbetweenSTYactivityandtheElNio-SouthernOscillation(ENSO)aswellasthepossiblereasonfortheinfluenceoftheENSOonSTYactivityarealsoinvestigated.Theresultsshowedthataboutonefifthofthetropicalcyclones(TCs)overtheWNPcouldreachtherankofSTY.MostSTYsappearedfromJulytoNovem-berwhiletherewasahighestratiobetweennumberofSTYsandtotalnumberofTCsinNovember.MostSTYsappearedeastofthePhilippineSea.InElNioyears,affectedbyseasurfacetemperature(SST),monsoontroughandweakverticalwindshear,TCfor-mationlocationsshiftedeastwardandthereweremoreSTYsthaninLaNiayearswhentheaffectingfactorschanged.

简介：Superoxidedismutase(草皮)是包括海洋的无脊椎动物在各种各样的有机体对反应的氧种类在抗氧化剂小径玩第一根防卫线的关键抗氧化剂酶。在那里主要存在二种特定的形式，Cu/Zn-SOD(SOD1)和Mn草皮(SOD2)，在优核质。草皮被知道被许多环境stressors并发地调制。由使用中央合成试验性的设计和反应表面方法，关节水完成温度(18-34栠杩?潨潭潬祧眠瑩?湫睯?湩敶瑲'O慲整洠汵楴爭灥慥?琭票潭楳獮

简介：新不对称的Schiff基础配合体(H_2LLi)是综合usingL离氨酸，水杨酸基醛和2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde。这配合体的三稳固的金属建筑群[行(H_2L)(NO_3)]NO_3·2H_2O(行=La，Sm，惊讶)被元素的分析，红外系列，紫外系列，TG-DTG和臼齿的传导力准备了并且描绘。theligand和它的建筑群的抗菌剂活动也被学习。抗菌剂实验显示它的建筑群拥有的ligandand对Escherichia关口i，葡萄球菌aureus和杆菌的抗菌剂活动敏锐并且建筑群配合体比那些举办更高的活动。

简介：Cytarabine(1-β-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine,Ara-C),isolatedfromaCaribbeanspongespeciesTethyacrypta,isthefirstantitumordrugfromamarineresource.In1980,theUSFoodandDrugAdministrationapprovedthisdrugforthetreatmentofdifferenttypesofleukemia.Thisdrughasashortplasmahalf-life,lowstability,limitedbioavailability,andseveresideeffects.Toimprovestabilityandbioavailability,wesynthesizedninenovelderivativesbyblockingthecytarabinemetabolicsitesandimprovinglipophilicity.ThecLogPvaluesofthenewlysynthesizedcompoundswerecalculated.Allthesynthesizedcompoundsweremorelipophilicthancytarabine,resultinginmembranepermeabilityandbioavailabilityimprovement.TheantitumoractivitiesagainstleukemiacelllineHL-60wereevaluatedbyusingtheMTTassay.ThebioassayresultsrevealedthattheIC50valuesofcompounds5,8and9were0.080,0.090and0.057μmolL-1,respectively,whichwassimilarwiththatofcytarabine(0.056μmolL-1).Incomparison,compound4withaphosphategroupatO5’wasinactive.Becausephosphoesterbondsareeasilyhydrolyzedbyalkalinephosphataseandarecommonlyusedinproducingprodrugstrategies,compound4mightalsobemetabolizedinvivoandgeneratecompound3orevencytarabinethroughamulti-stepreaction.Thus,compound4mightbeapromisingcompoundtobedevelopedasaprodrug.

简介：Basedonourpreviouswork,thewinterseasurfacetemperature(SST)intheKuroshioExtension(KE)regionshowedsignificantvariabilityoverthepastcenturywithperiodsof~6abetween1930and1950and~10abetween1980and2009.HowtheactivityoftheAleutianLow(AL)inducesthisdual-periodvariabilityoverthetwodifferenttimespansisfurtherinvestigatedhere.Forthe~6aperiodicityduring1930–1950,negativewindstresscurl(WSC)anomaliesinthecentralsubtropicalPacificassociatedwithanintensifiedALgeneratepositiveseasurfaceheight(SSH)anomalies.Whenthesewind-inducedSSHanomaliespropagatewestwardstotheeastofTaiwan,Chinatwoyearslater,positivevelocityanomaliesappeararoundtheKuroshiototheeastofTaiwanandthenthemeanadvectionviathiscurrentofvelocityanomaliesleadstoastrengthenedKEjetandthusanincreaseintheKESSToneyearlater.Forthe~10aperiodicityduring1980–2009,anegativeNorthPacificOscillation-likedipoletakes2–3atodevelopintoasignificantpositiveNorthPacificOscillation-likedipole,andthisprocesscorrespondstothenorthwardshiftoftheAL.NegativeWSCanomaliesassociatedwiththisALactivityinthecentralNorthPacificareabletoinducethepositiveSSHanomalies.TheseoceanicsignalsthenpropagatewestwardintotheKEregionafter2–3a,favoringanorthwardshiftoftheKEjet,thusleadingtothewarmingoftheKESST.ThefeedbacksoftheKESSTanomalyontheALforcingarebothnegativeforthesetwoperiodicities.Theseresultssuggestthatthedual-periodKESSTvariabilitycanbegeneratedbythetwo-wayKE-SST-ALcoupling.

简介：Inordertoevaluatetheinvolvementofthethyroidglandinreproduction,thyroidfunc-tioningwasdescribedinfemalecultivatedJapaneseeel(Anguillajaponica)inprogressivestagesofsex-ualmaturationinducedbychumsalmonpituitaryhomogenate(SPH)treatment.Serumthyroidhor-mones,thyroxine(T4)andtriiodothyronine(T3)werealsomeasuredineachstage.Thyroidglandac-tivity(epithelialcellheight)washighbeforeSPHinjection(previtellogenicstage),furtherincreasingattheearlyvitellogenicstage,thereafterdecreasingtolatevitellogenicandmigratorynucleusstages.TheprofilesofbothT3andT4changedduringvitellogenesis,beinghighduringprevitellogenicandearlyvitellogenicstages,andsubsequentlydeclining,thusmimickingthyroidglandactivity.Theseresultssuggestthatthethyroidhasrelationwitheelovariandevelopmentduringartificialmaturation.