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简介：Themanagementofcastrate-resistantprostatecancerprogressingaftermaximumandrogenblockade(MAB)hasevolvedinthelastdecadewiththedevelopmentofseveralnoveltherapeuticoptions.However,theinitialtherapeuticstrategyinthesepatientsusuallyinvolveswithdrawalofanti-androgenthatcanbeassociatedwithbiochemicalresponseinapproximately20%ofpatients.Notably,wehaveobservedevidenceofsustainedbiochemicalresponseintwopatientsfollowingsecondandthird-lineMABusingrechallengescheduleofpreviouslyadministeredanti-androgenafterlatentinterval.ThepossibilityofresponsefollowingsequentialMABusingthesameanti-androgenagenthasnotyetbeenreported.

简介：Molecularsubtypingofbreastcancermayprovideadditionalprognosticinformationregardingpatientoutcome.Theepidermalgrowthfactorreceptor(HER2)overexpressingbreastcancersaredesignatedasHER2-postive(HER2+)breastcancerandcarryaparticularlyunfavorableprognosis.WepresenttwocasesofHER2-postivemetastaticbreastcancer(MBC)whoarefoundtobeachallengetotreat,especiallyduetotheoccurrenceofbrainmetastasis.Trastuzumab-basedtherapyimprovesclinicaloutcomes,evenifthepatienthasundergonemulti-linetreatment.ThesecasereportsalsoemphasizetheimportanceofretestingHER2statusbecauseitcanbediscordanceinreceptorstatusbetweenprimaryandrecurrentbreastcancer.

简介：TheroleofthetranscriptionfactorNF-κBinshapingthecancermicroenvironmentisbecomingincreasinglyclear.InflammationalterstheactivityofenzymesthatmodulateNF-κBfunction,andcausesextensivechangesingenomicchromatinthatultimatelydrasticallyaltercell-specificgeneexpression.NF-κBregulatestheexpressionofcytokinesandadhesionfactorsthatcontrolinteractionsamongadjacentcells.Assuch,NF-κBfinetunestissuecellularcomposition,aswellastissues'interactionswiththeimmunesystem.Therefore,NF-κBchangesthecellresponsetohormonesandtocontactwithneighboringcells.ActivatingNF-κBconferstranscriptionalandphenotypicplasticitytoacellandtherebyenablesprofoundlocalchangesintissuefunctionandcomposition.ResearchsuggeststhattheregulationofNF-κBtargetgenesisspecificallyalteredincancer.SuchalterationsoccurnotonlyduetomutationsofNF-κBregulatoryproteins,butalsobecauseofchangesintheactivityofspecificproteostaticmodulesandmetabolicpathways.ThisarticledescribesthemolecularmodeofNF-κBregulationwithafewcharacteristicexamplesoftargetgenes.

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简介：Objective:Gastriccancer(GC)isoneoftheleadingcausesofdeathinChinaandotherAsiancountries.Recently,gastricendoscopyhasbecomethemainapproachforGCscreening,buttheidentificationofhigh-riskindividualsremainsachallengeinGCscreeningprograms.Methods:Therewere7,302patientswithchronicgastritisinvolvedinthisstudy.Endoscopicexaminationswereperformed,andtheirdemographiccharacteristicsandlifestyledatawerecollected.EachpossibleassociatedfactorofGC/premalignantandprecursorlesionswasevaluatedbyunivariateandmultivariatelogisticregressions.Nomogramswereusedforvisualizationofthosemodels,andreceiveroperatingcharacteristic(ROC)curveanalysiswasusedtopresentthepredictiveaccuracy.Results:Wedetected8(0.11%)gastricadenocarcinomas,17(0.23%)dysplasiacases,14(0.19%)hyperplasiacases,52(0.71%)intestinalmetaplasiacases,217(2.97%)inflammatorylesions,141(1.93%)gastriculcers,10(0.14%)atrophicgastritiscases,1,365(18.69%)erosivegastritiscases,and5,957(81.58%)superficialgastritiscasesin7,302patients.Theage(P<0.001),gender(P=0.086),laborintensity(P=0.018)andleekfoodintake(P=0.143)wereidentifiedasindependentpredictivefactorsofGC/premalignantlesionspossibility.Thecorrespondingnomogramexhibitedanareaunderthecurve(AUC)[95%confidenceinterval(95%CI)]of0.82(0.74–0.89)forthemodelinggroupand0.80(0.75–0.85)forthevalidationgroup.Theage(P=0.002),gender(P=0.024),smoking(P=0.002)andleekfoodintake(P=0.039)wereindependentpredictivefactorsofprecursorlesionspossibility.ThecorrespondingnomogramexhibitedanAUC(95%CI)of0.62(0.60–0.65)forthemodelinggroupand0.61(0.59–0.63)forthevalidationgroup.Conclusions:WeidentifiedseveralpotentialassociatedfactorsandprovidedapreclinicalnomogramwiththepotentialtopredictthepossibilityofGC/premalignantandprecursorlesions.

简介：Severaldrug-resistantvariantshavebeendevelopedbygrowingtheparentalMELcellsinpresenceofcolchicine,adriamycinandvincristinerespectivelywithstepwiseincreasingconcentration.Boththecolchicine-resistantSc9(ColO)andvincristine-resis-tantSc9(VCR5)cellsdisplayedanacceleratedHMBA-inducedcommitmenttoterminalcelldifferentiation,whereastheadriamycin-resistantSC9(A120)showednoaccelerationbutratherasubstantialdelayinHMBA-induceddifferentiation.ThestudiesprovidemorecluesaswellasexperimentalmodelsforfurtherstudyonthemechanismofinduceddifferentiationofMELcells.

简介：Afterprimaryanalysesontheserumglycocon-jugatesoflungcancerandnormalindividulusingtheenzyme-linkedlectinassay(ELLA)with12kindsoflectins,PHAandLCAwereselectedtofurtherstudyintheseraof8kindsofcancers,4kindsofnon-malignantdiseaseand1kindofpostoperativecancer.Itwasfoundthatthetestvaluesof7kindsofcancerswithPHAorLCAweresignificantlyhigherthanthatofthenormal(P<0.01);thevaluesof4kindsofnon-malignantdiseaseswithPHAwerenothigher(P>0.05);thevaluesofthepostoperativecancerwithPHAwereobviouslylowerthanthatofthepreoperative(P<0.05).TheresultsshowedthattheserumglycoconjugateswhichcanbindtoPHAseemedrelatedtothecancerousexistenceinhumanbodies.Thesignificanceofthefindingswasdiscussed.

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简介：Objective:Toevaluatetheefficacyandfeasibilityofscreeningprocedureforuppergastrointestinalcancerinbothhigh-riskandnon-high-riskareasinChina.Setting:Sevencities/counties,representingthreeeconomical-geographicalregions(Eastern,CentralandWestern)inChina,wereselectedasscreeningcenters:threeinhigh-riskareasandfourinnon-high-riskareas.Participants:Villages/communitiesinthesesevencentersregardedasclusterswererandomlyassignedtoeitherinterventiongroup(screeningbyendoscopicexamination)orcontrolgroup(withnormalcommunitycare)ina1:1ratiostratifiedbyeachcenter.Eligibleparticipantsarelocalresidentsaged40–69yearsintheselectedvillages/communitieswithnohistoryofcancerorendoscopicexaminationinthelatest3yearswhoarementallyandphysicallycompetent.Thosewhoarenotwillingtotakeendoscopicexaminationorareunwillingtosigntheconsentformareexcludedfromthestudy.Totally140,000participantswillbeenrolled.Interventions:Inhigh-riskareasofuppergastrointestinalcancer,allsubjectsinscreeninggroupwillbescreenedbyendoscopy.Innon-high-riskareas,30%ofthesubjectsinscreeninggroup,identifiedthroughasurvey,willbescreenedbyendoscopy.Primaryandsecondaryoutcomemeasures:Theprimaryoutcomeisthemortalitycausedbyuppergastrointestinalcancer.Thesecondaryoutcomesincludedetectionrate,incidencerate,survivalrate,andclinicalstagedistribution.Additionaldataonqualityoflifeandcost-effectivenesswillalsobecollectedtoanswerimportantquestionsregardingscreeningeffects.Conclusions:ScreeningstrategyevaluatedinthoseareaswithpositivefindingsmaybepromotednationallyandappliedtothemajorityofChinesepeople.Ontheotherhand,negativefindingswillprovidescientificevidenceforabandoningatestandshiftingresourceselsewhere.Trialregistration:ThestudyhasbeenregisteredwiththeProtocolRegistrationSysteminChineseClinicalTrialRegistry.

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简介：Objective:Cancerisoneofthemostcommondiagnosesinelderlypatients.Ofalltypesofabdominalcancer,colorectalcancer(CRC)isundoubtedlythemostfrequent.Medianageatdiagnosisisapproximately70yearsoldworldwide.Duetothemultiplecomorbiditiesaffectingelderlypeople,frailtyevaluationisveryimportantinordertoavoidover-orundertreatment.Thispilotstudywasdesignedtoinvestigatethevariablescapableofpredictingthelong-termriskofmortalityandlivingsituationaftersurgeryforCRC.Methods:Patientswith70yearsoldandolderundergoingelectivesurgeryforCRCwereprospectivelyenrolledinthestudy.Thepatientswerepreoperativelyscreenedusing11internationally-validated-frailty-assessmenttests.Theendpointsofthestudywerelong-termmortalityandlivingsituation.ThedatawereanalyzedusingunivariateCoxproportional-hazardregressionanalysistoverifythepredictivevalueofscoreindicesinordertoidentifypossibleriskfactors.Results:Forty-sixpatientswerestudied.Themedianfollow-uptimeaftersurgerywas4.6years(range,2.9-5.7years)andnopatientswerelosttofollow-up.Theoverallmortalityratewas39%.Fourofthepatientswhosurvived(4/28,14%)losttheirfunctionalautonomy.ThepreoperativeimpairedTimedUpandGo(TUG),EasternCooperativeGroupPerformanceStatus(ECOGPS),InstrumentalActivitiesofDailyLiving(IADLs),VulnerableEldersSurvey(VES-13)scoringsystemsweresignificantlyassociatedwithincreasedlongtermmortalityrisk.Conclusion:Simplifiedfrailty-assessingtoolsshouldberoutinelyusedinelderlycancerpatientsbeforetreatmentinordertostratifypatientrisk.TheTUG,ECOG-PS,IADLsandVES-13scoringsystemsarepotentiallyabletopredictlong-termmortalityanddisability.Additionalstudieswillbeneededtoconfirmthepreliminarydatainordertoimprovemanagementstrategiesforoncogeriatricsurgicalpatients.

简介：Objective:Intra-abdominalfatisariskfactorforpancreaticcancer(PC),butlittleisknownaboutitscontributiontoPCprecursorsknownasintraductalpapillarymucinousneoplasms(IPMNs).Ourgoalwastoevaluatequantitativeradiologicmeasuresofabdominal/visceralobesityaspossiblediagnosticmarkersofIPMNseverity/pathology.Methods:Inacohortof34surgically-resected,pathologically-confirmedIPMNs(17benign;17malignant)withpreoperativeabdominalcomputedtomography(CT)images,wecalculatedbodymassindex(BMI)andfourradiologicmeasuresofobesity:totalabdominalfat(TAF)area,visceralfatarea(VFA),subcutaneousfatarea(SFA),andvisceraltosubcutaneousfatratio(V/S).MeasureswerecomparedbetweengroupsusingWilcoxontwo-sampleexacttestsandothermetrics.Results:MeanBMIforindividualswithmalignantIPMNs(28.9kg/m~2)washigherthanmeanBMIforthosewithbenignIPMNs(25.8kg/m~2)(P=0.045).MeanVFAwashigherforpatientswithmalignantIPMNs(199.3cm~2)comparedtobenignIPMNs(120.4cm~2),P=0.092.V/Swassignificantlyhigher(P=0.013)forpatientswithmalignantversusbenignIPMNs(1.25vs.0.69cm~2),especiallyamongfemales.Theaccuracy,sensitivity,specificity,andpositiveandnegativepredictivevalueofV/SinpredictingmalignantIPMNpathologywere74%,71%,76%,75%,and72%,respectively.Conclusions:PreliminaryfindingssuggestmeasuresofvisceralfatfromroutinemedicalimagesmayhelppredictIPMNpathology,actingaspotentialnoninvasivediagnosticadjunctsformanagementandtargetsforinterventionthatmaybemorebiologically-relevantthanBMI.Furtherinvestigationofgender-specificassociationsinlarger,prospectiveIPMNcohortsiswarrantedtovalidateandexpandupontheseobservations.

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简介：FromJanuary1989toJuly1992,70patientsAcceptedforpublication.October23,1998CorrespondencetofXUGuang-chuan;DepartmentofOncology,TumorHospital,SunYat-SenUniversityofMedicalSciences,No.651,DongFengEastRoad,Guangzhou510060,China,Faxf(0086-20)-87761547;Phon...

简介：Surgeryfollowingneoadjuvantchemoradiotherapy(NCRT)isacommonmultidisciplinarytreatmentforresectableesophagealcancer(EC).Afteranalyzing12randomizedcontrolledtrials(RCTs),wediscussthekeyissuesofsurgeryinthemanagementofresectableEC.Alongwithchemoradiotherapy,NCRTisrecommendedforpatientswithsquamouscellcarcinoma(SCC)andadenocarcinoma(AC),andmostchemotherapyregimensarebasedoncisplatin,fluorouracil(FU),orboth(CF).However,taxane-basedschedulesoradditionalstudies,togetherwithnewerchemotherapies,arewarranted.Innineclinicaltrials,post-operativecomplicationsweresimilarwithoutsignificantdifferencesbetweentwotreatmentgroups.In-hospitalmortalitywassignificantlydifferentinonly1outof10trials.HalfoftherandomizedtrialsthatcompareNCRTwithsurgeryinECdemonstrateanincreaseinoverallsurvivalordisease-freesurvival.NCRToffersagreatopportunityformarginnegativeresection,decreaseddiseasestage,andimprovedloco-regionalcontrol.However,NCRTdoesnotaffectthequalityoflifewhencombinedwithesophagectomy.Futuretrialsshouldfocusontheidentificationofoptimumregimensandselectionofpatientswhoaremostlikelytobenefitfromspecifictreatmentoptions.

简介：Objective:Thisretrospectivestudyexaminedriskfactorsforcytomegalovirus(CMV)infectionafterumbilicalcordbloodtransplantation(UCBT)andtheimpactofCMVinfectiononpatientsurvival.Methods:Inall176patients,plasmaCMVDNAwasnegativepriortothetransplantation,andexaminedtwiceaweekfor100d,andthenonceweeklyforadditional300d.Preemptiveantiviraltherapy(ganciclovirorfoscarnet)wasstartedinpatientswith>1,000/mLcopiesofCMVDNAbutnofull-blownCMVdisease,andwasdiscontinuedupontwoconsecutivenegativereportsofbloodCMVDNAtest.ThesurvivalandriskfactorsforCMVinfectionordiseasewereexaminedusinglogisticregression.Results:CMVinfectiondevelopedin71%(125/176)ofthepatients,withamedianonsetof32d.Fourpatients(2.3%)developedCMVdisease.Neitherthe5-yearoverallsurvival(OS)norevent-freesurvival(EFS)differedsignificantlyininfectedpatientsvs.thosewithnoinfection(59.4%vs.64.8%,P=0.194;53.4%vs.59.1%,P=0.226).AstepwisemultivariateanalysisindicatedanassociationofCMVinfectionwithage,high-doseglucocorticoids,thenumberoftransplantedCD34+cells,andthenumberofplatelettransfusion,butnotwithgender,theconditioningregimen,andthedayofneutrophilrecoveryandchronicgraft-versushostdisease(cGVHD).Conclusions:CMVinfectionisverycommonafterUCBT,butdoesnotseemtoaffectlong-termsurvivalwithpreemptiveantiviraltreatment.

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简介：Objective:Meningiomasareneoplasmsthatarisefromthemeningesofthecentralnervoussystem(CNS).Theyconstituteabout25.6%ofCNStumorsdiagnosedinEgypt.Somemorphologicalvariantsofmeningiomasdisplayaggressivebehavior,leadingtobrain-invasivegrowthpattern.Althoughmeningiomasareusuallytreatedbycompletesurgicalexcision,theriskofpostoperativerecurrenceremains.Hence,additionalbiomarkersforpredictingaggressivebehaviormustbediscovered.Thisstudyaimstoexploretheclinicalandbiologicalrelevanceoftheproteinexpressionlevelsofβ-cateninandgalectine-3inmeningiomaandtounderstandthepathobiologyofthisneoplasm.Methods:Thisretrospectivestudywascarriedouton153casesofmeningiomabyusingtissuemicroarraysandimmunohistochemistryforβ-cateninandgalectine-3.Results:Highβ-cateninexpressionwassignificantlyassociatedwithtransitionalandmeningiotheliomatousmeningiomas,lowtumorgrade,lowrecurrencerate,andlowincidenceofbraininvasion.Meanwhile,highgalectin-3expressionwasassociatedwithbraininvasion,recurrence,hightumorgrade,andtumortype.Logisticregressionanalysisindicatedthatamongallvariablesincludedinthemodel,β-cateninandgalactin-3expressionlevelsweresignificantpredictorsoftumorrecurrence(P<0.001).Conclusions:Galectin-3andβ-cateninareinvolvedinmeningiomarecurrencebutnotinbraininvasion.Thesemoleculescouldbeimportantpotentialtherapeutictargetsandpredictorsformeningiomas.