简介：Thewide-shallowcompositebucketfoundation(WSCBF)isanewtypeofoffshorewindpowerfoundationthatcanbebuiltonlandandrapidlyinstalledoffshore,therebyeffectivelyreducingtheconstructiontimeandcostsofoffshorewindpowerfoundation.Inthisstudy,thehorizontalbearingcapacityiscalculatedbyfiniteelementsimulationandcomparedwithtestresultstoverifythevalidityofresults.Inthisprocess,theverticalloadandbendingloadarerespectivelycalculatedbythefiniteelementsimulation.Undertheverticalloadeffect,thebucketfoundationandthesoilinsideareregardedasawhole,andthecorrespondingbucklingfailuremodeisobtained.Theultimateverticalbearingcapacityiscalculatedusingempiricalandtheoreticalformulas;thetheoreticalformulaisalsorevisedbyfiniteelementresults.Underbendingload,therotationalcenterofthecompositebucketfoundation(inaregionclosetothebucketbottom)graduallymovesfromtheleftofthecentralaxis(reversetoloadingdirection)tothenearbycompartmentboardsalongtheloadingdirection.TheH–Menvelopelineshowsalinearrelationship,anditisdeterminedthattheverticalandbendingultimatebearingcapacitiescanbeimprovedbyanappropriateverticalload.

简介：Theliteratureshowsthatimprovementsincognitiveperformancemaybeobservedfollowinganacuteboutofexercise.However,evidenceinsupportofthebiologicalmechanismsofthiseffectisstilllimited.Findingsfrombothrodentandhumanstudiessuggestbrain-derivedneurotrophicfactor(BDNF)asapotentialmechanismoftheeffectofacuteexerciseonmemory.ThemolecularpropertiesofBDNFallowthisproteintobeassessedintheperiphery(pBDNF)(i.e.,bloodserum,bloodplasma),makingmeasurementsofacuteexercise-inducedchangesinBDNFconcentrationrelativelyaccessible.StudiesexploringtheacuteexerciseepBDNFecognitiveperformancerelationshiphavehadmixedfindings,butthismaybemorereflectiveofmethodologicaldifferencesbetweenstudiesthanitisastatementabouttheroleofBDNF.Forexample,significantassociationshavebeenobservedbetweenacuteexercise-inducedchangesinpBDNFconcentrationandcognitiveperformanceinstudiesassessingmemory,andnon-significantassociationshavebeenfoundinstudiesassessingnon-memorycognitivedomains.ThreesuggestionsaremadeforfutureresearchaimedatunderstandingtheroleofBDNFasabiologicalmechanismofthisrelationship:1)Assessmentsofcognitiveperformancemaybenefitfromafocusonvarioustypesofmemory(e.g.,relational,spatial,long-term);2)MorefinegrainedmeasurementsofpBDNFwillallowfortheassessmentofconcentrationsofspecificisoformsoftheBDNFprotein(i.e.,immature,mature);3)StatisticaltechniquesdesignedtotestthemediatingroleofpBDNFintheacuteexercise-cognitiveperformancerelationshipshouldbeutilizedinordertomakecausalinferences.

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简介：Purpose:ThepurposeofthisstudywastoinvestigatetheimpactofacuteexerciseonreactiontimeandresponsepreparationduringaGo/NoGoTaskinchildrenwithattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder(ADHD).Methods:NineteenchildrenwithADHD(agedbetween8and12yearsold)undertooka30-mininterventionthatconsistedoftreadmillrunningorvideo-watchingpresentedinacounterbalancedorderondifferentdays.AGo/NoGoTaskwasadministratedafterexerciseorvideo-watching.Results:Theresultsindicatedashorterreactiontimeandsmallercontingentnegativevariation(CNV)2amplitudefollowingexerciserelativetothevideo-watching.Foreventrelatedpotential(ERP)analyses,greaterCNV1andCNV2amplitudesinresponsetoNoGostimuliincomparisontoGostimuliwasobservedinthevideo-watchingsessiononly.Conclusion:ThesefindingssuggestthatacuteexercisemaybenefitchildrenwithADHDbydevelopingappropriateresponsepreparation,particularlyinmaintainingastablemotorpreparatorysetpriortoperformingthegiventask.

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简介：Purpose:Thepurposeofthisstudywastodeterminetheeffectsofacuteexerciseonmotorresponseinhibitionusingbothbehavioralandelectrophysiologicalapproaches.Methods:TheP3andN1event-relatedpotential(ERP)componentswererecordedwhileperformingastop-signaltaskin21collegestudentsfollowingamoderatelyintenseacuteexerciseboutfor30minandasedentarycontrolsessionthatinvolvedreading.Results:Acuteexerciseinducedashorterstopsignalresponsetime(SSRT)ascomparedtocontrol;however,thegoresponsetime(GoRT)remainedunchanged.InexaminingtheERPdata,acuteexerciseincreasedbothP3amplitudeandlatencybutdidnotaffecttheN1component.Conclusion:Acuteexercisehasaselectiveandbeneficialeffectoncognitivefunction,specificallyaffectingthemotorresponseinhibitionaspectofexecutivefunction.Furthermore,acuteexercisepredominatelyimpactslaterstagesofinformationprocessingduringmotorresponseinhibition,whichmayleadtoanincreaseinattentionalresourceallocationandconfertheabilitytosuccessfullywithholdaresponsetoachievemotorresponseinhibition.

简介：<正>Purpose:Thepurposeofthisstudywastoexamineeffectsofasportversionofasemi-rigidanklebrace(ElementTM)andasoftanklebrace（ASO）onanklebiomechanicsandgroundreactionforces（GRFs）duringadroplandingactivityinsubjectswithchronicankleinstability(CADcomparedtohealthysubjectswithnohistoryofCAI.Methods:Tenhealthysubjectsand10subjectswhohadmultipleanklesprainsparticipatedinthestudyasthecontrolandunstablesubjects,respectively.TheCAIsubjectswereage,bodymassindexandgendermatchedwiththecontrolsubjects.Thearchindexandanklefunctionsofthesubjectsweremeasuredinasubjectscreeningsession.Duringthebiomechanicaltestsession,participantsperformedfivetrialsofdroplandingfrom0.6m,wearingnobrace（NB）.Element?braceandASObrace.Simultaneousrecordingofthree-dimensionalkinematic（240Hz）andGRF（1200Hz）datawereperformed.Results:TheCAIsubjectshadloweranklefunctionalsurveyscores.ThearchindexanddeformityresultsshowedgreaterarchdeformityofElementTMagainstastaticloadthaninNBandASOduetogreaterinitialarchpositionheldbythebrace.CAIparticipantshadgreatereversionvelocitythanhealthycontrols.TheASObracereducedthefirstpeakverticalGRFwhereasElementTMincreased2ndpeakverticalGRF.ElementTMbracereducedeversionrangeofmotion（ROM）andpeakeversionvelocitycomparedtoNBandASO.Inaddition,ElementTMreduceddorsiflexionROMandincreasedpeakplantarflexionmomentcomparedtoNBandASO.Conclusion:Resultsofstaticarchmeasurementsanddynamicanklemotionsuggestthattherestrictionsofferedbybothbracesareinpartduetomoredorsiflexedanklepositionsatcontact,andhigherinitialarchpositionandstifferankleforElementTM.

简介：目的:研究损伤严重程度感知(ISP)评分法在测试急性挥鞭样损伤患者中的复测可重复性。方法:在基层保健中心连续对急性阶段患急性挥鞭样损伤患者采用ISP评分。ISP是一种通过数字等级进行评分,其测量范围从0到10,受试者被要求指出他们自认为的受伤严重程度。0代表'无损伤',10代表'严重且永久性损伤'。利用ISP问卷对同一批受试者在招募完成时及7天后进行评分。复测可重复性由一致百分率和在两个时间点进行的Kappa分析进行计算。锚定两端分别标记为'没有损伤'(0)和'严重损伤,可能是永久性损伤'(10)。结果:实验包括94名研究对象(34名男性,60名女性,平均年龄为40.6±10.0岁,范围19-60岁),在刚招募时JSP平均得分为4.9±1.7(评分在2-9之间),一周后ISP平均得分为5.1±2.1(评分在2-9之间)。在ISP的两次重复测量中百分比一致率为86%,Kappa系数为0.79。结论:这项研究表明ISP复测可重复性在预后研究中偏倚风险较低。ISP评分法在急性挥鞭样损伤患者的流行病学研究中具有相当高的可靠性。

简介：Purpose:Thepurposeofthisstudywastoexamine,usingmeta-analyticmeasures,theevidenceregardingtheoptimalexerciseintensityatwhichimprovementsinspeedofcognitivefunctionaretriggered.Specifically,itwashypothesizedthatthecatecholamine,lactate,andventilatorythresholdsisthepointatwhichsignificantimprovementsinspeedofcognitivefunctionareobserved.Methods:Wecomparedmeaneffectsizesforthresholdstudiesandforthosestudieswhereexerciseintensitywasclassedasmoderate(40%e79%VO2maxorequivalent)butinwhichthethresholdswerenotmeasured.Results:Randomeffectsmeta-analysisshowedsignificant,moderate,meaneffectsizesforstudiesatthethreshold(g=0.58,Z=2.98,p<0.003)andforthoseduringmoderateintensityexercisebutinwhichthethresholdwasnotmeasured(g=0.54,Z=5.01,p<0.001).Therewasnosignificantdifferencebetweenmeaneffectsizes,whichsuggeststhatthethresholdsareunlikelytorepresentatriggerpoint.Conclusion:Moderateintensityexercise,evenbelowthethresholds,caninduceimprovedspeedofcognition,possiblyduetoacombinationofincreasedperipheralcatecholamineconcentrationsinducingvagal/nucleustractussolitariipathwayactivationandcentralincreasesduetoperceptionsofstress.

简介：Theeffectsofexerciseondecision-makingperformancehavebeenstudiedusingawidevarietyofcognitivetasksandexerciseinterventions.Althoughthecurrentliteraturesupportsabeneficialinfluenceofacuteexerciseoncognitiveperformance,themechanismsunderlyingthisphenomenonhavenotyetbeenelucidated.Wereviewstudiesthatusedsingle-pulsetranscranialmagneticstimulation(TMS)toprobetheexcitabilityofmotorstructuresduringwhole-bodyexerciseandpresentaframeworktoaccountforthefacilitatingeffectsofacuteexerciseonmotorprocesses.Recentresultssuggestthat,evenintheabsenceoffatigue,theincreaseincorticospinalexcitabilityclassicallyreportedduringsubmaximalandexhaustingexercisesmaybeaccompaniedbyareductioninintracorticalinhibition.Weproposethatreducedintracorticalinhibitionelicitsanadaptivecentralmechanismthatcounteractstheprogressivereductioninmuscleresponsivenesscausedbyperipheralfatigue.Suchareductionwouldrenderthemotorcortexmoresensitivetoupstreaminfluences,thuscausingincreasedcorticospinalexcitability.Furthermore,reductionofintracorticalinhibitionmayaccountforthemoreefficientdescendingdriveandfortheimprovementofreactiontimeperformanceduringexercise.Theadaptivemodulationinintracorticalinhibitioncouldbeimplementedthroughageneralincreaseinreticularactivationthatwouldfurtheraccountforenhancedsensorysensitivity.

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