简介：IL-12priming在CD8+受动器T房间的刺激和CD8+记忆T(Tm)房间的开发起一个重要作用。然而，房间当IL-12priming不在时开发了的CD8+Tm的功能的改变是elusive.In这研究，我们调查了房间从转基因的OT开发了的CD8+Tm的第二等的扩大的能力我CD8+T房间。后者房间在vitro并且在ovalbumin(卵)刺激的vivo是-puised树枝状的房间[DCOVA并且(IL-12-/-)DCOVA]分别地源于野类型的C57BL/6和IL-12基因大美人老鼠。我们证明IL-12priming在CD8+T房间是重要的不仅同种细胞的扩大，而且在有在抗原再相遇之上的第二等的扩大的能力的CD8+Tm房间的产生。然而，发信号的IL-12不涉及CD8+Tm房间幸存和召回回答。因此，这研究为疫苗的设计和开发提供有用信息。

简介：Objective:MemorystemTcells(Tscm)haveattractedattentionbecauseoftheirenhancedself-renewal,multipotentcapacity,andanti-tumorcapacities.However,littleisknownaboutTscminpatientswithrenalclearcellcarcinoma(RCC)andtheroleofWntsignalinginthesecells.WeevaluatedTscmfromRCCpatientsconcerningtheiractivationofWntsignalinginvitroandexploredthemechanismofpreferentialsurvival.Methods:FlowcytometryidentifiedsurfacemarkersandcytokinesproducedfromaccumulatedTscminthepresenceoftheglycogensynthasekinasebetainhibitorTWS119.Apoptosiswasevaluatedafterinductionusingtumornecrosisfactor-alpha.ImmunofluorescenceandWesternblotanalyseswereusedtoinvestigatetheactivationofthenuclearfactor-kappaB(NF-КB)pathway.Results:RCCpatientshadasimilarpercentageofCD4~+andCD8~+Tscmashealthydonors.ActivationofWntsignalingbyTWS119resultedintheaccumulationofTscminactivatedTcells,butreversalofdifferentiatedTcellstoTscmwasnotachieved.PreferentialsurvivalofTscmwasassociatedwithincreasedanti-apoptoticabilitymediateddownstreamoftheNF-КBactivationpathway.Conclusions:ThefindingthatTscmcanaccumulatebyWntsignalinginvitroinbloodfromRCCpatientswillhelpindevisingnewcancertherapystrategiesofTscm-basedadoptiveimmunotherapy,suchasdendriticcell-stimulatedTscm,andTcellreceptororchimericantigenreceptor-engineeredTscm.

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简介：AbstractObjective:Only a few studies have investigated the development trends in spatial working memory and attention among a large sample of primary school students over a wide range of ages, while the efficiency of learning and memory processes is fundamental to academic performance, particularly for children, who are in a key developmental stage when their life opportunities can be altered. We aimed to explore how the spatial working memory and attention of primary school children are affected by grade, academic performance, and sex.Methods:In this cross-sectional observational study, students (144 boys, 139 girls, 6-13 years old) were recruited from Experimental Primary School Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University in Shanghai, China in 2018. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Bio-Ethics Board of the Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Based on a simple Spatial Working Memory and Attention Test on Paired Symbols test, we evaluate 283 participants’ working memory and attention ability.Results:Attention and working memory performance were enhanced as a positive function of grade in primary school children, and students who showed better academic achievement also performed better on the working memory task. However, attention and working memory performance were not affected by sex.Conclusion:Attention and working memory performance of primary school students develop with grade and corresponds to Better academic performance. Attention and working memory ability do not differ significantly between boys and girls.

简介：尽管有CD4+CD25+规章的T房间(Tregs)在过去的十年期间，在他们的临床的翻译以后的进步仍然保持停滞。增长证据建议那自然地发生的CD8+CD122+T房间也是有能力的Tregs禁止T房间回答并且象alloimmunity一样压制autoimmunity。事实上，他们是像记忆的Tregs类似于一个中央记忆T房间(T厘米)显型。位于他们的抑制下面的机制仍然不好被理解，尽管他们可以包括IL-10生产。我们最近证明了那个规划death-1(PD-1)表达式区分在之间规章并且存储器CD8+CD122+T房间和那CD8+CD122+Tregs经历更快的homeostatic增长并且比常规CD4+CD25+Tregs。这些调查结果可以为在诊所加速有效Treg治疗打开调查的一根新线。在这评论，我们在CD8+CD122+Treg在诊所研究并且讨论他们的显型，在autoimmunity和alloimmunity的镇压角色，功能的要求，行动的机制和潜在的应用。

简介：BACKGROUND:Previousexperimentshaveconfirmedbonemorphogeneticproteins(BMPs)upregulatecholinergicexpressioninneuronsisolatedfromtheembryonicrathippocampusandcerebralcortex.Therefore,BMPscouldbeusefulfortreatingAlzheimer'sdiseaseandotherneurodegenerativediseases.OBJECTIVE:BMP-4wasinfusedintothehippocampaldentategyrusoffornix-fimbriatransectedratstotesttheeffectsofBMP-4oncholinergicexpressionindentategyrusneurons,andtoobservechangesinspatialmemorybehavior.DESIGN:Arandomizedcontrolledanimalexperiment.SETTING:DepartmentofNeurosurgeryandLaboratoryforCellBiology,InstituteofGeriatrics,GeneralHospitalofChinesePLA.MATERIALS:Twenty-sevenhealthyadultmaleSpragueDawley(SD)rats,weighing250-300g,wereprovidedbytheLaboratoryAnimalCenteroftheGeneralHospitalofChinesePLA.Reagents:BMP-4(B-2680,SigmaCompany)andcholineacetyltransferase(ChAT)antibody(AB5042,ChemiconCompany)wereusedinthisstudy.Equipments:aratstereotaxicinstrument(type:SN-2N,NarushigeGroup,Japan)andImage-prog-plusimageanalysissoftware(MediaCyberneticscompany,USA)wereusedinthisstudy.Theprotocolwascarriedoutinaccordancewithethicalguidelinesfortheuseandcareofanimals.METHODS:ThisexperimentwasperformedintheInstituteofGeriatrics,GeneralHospitalofChinesePLAbetweenJuly2004andMarch2005.Ratswererandomlydividedinto4groups:Alzheimer'sdiseasegroup(n=7),normalcontrolgroup(n=5),BMP-4-Alzheimer'sdiseasegroup(n=8),andmodelgroup(n=7).IntheAlzheimer'sdiseasegroup,thelefthippocampalfornix-fimbriaofratswastransectedtomimicAlzheimer'sdiseasesymptoms.IntheBMP-4-Alzheimer'sdiseasegroup,1μLBMP-4(10mg/L)wasperfusedintotheleftdentategyruswithamicroinjectorat1μL/min.Inthemodelgroup,1μLsalinewasperfusedintothesamepositionbythesamemethod.Twenty-eightdaysafterinjection,Morriswatermazetestwasperformedinallr

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简介：2009H1N1流行性感冒流行表明了对人的全球健康威胁的意义。尽管流行H1N1疫苗很快被开发了，被动serotherapy可以在孩子对感染提供优异立即的保护，老、妥协免疫者的病人在流行性感冒期间流行。这里，我们基于使不朽的Epstein-Barr病毒(EBV)使用了新奇策略从个人屏蔽高病毒的抵销monoclonal抗体(MAbs)的外部血记忆B房间与2009流行H1N1疫苗的PANFLU.1种牛痘。通过13090使不朽的记忆B房间的一幅巨大的屏幕，从三的克隆选择了vaccinees，七MAbs与两个高病毒的抵销能力和红血球凝聚抑制(HAI)被识别对2009个流行H1N1病毒的活动。这些MAbs可以与严重呼吸症候群为感染的病人的被动serotherapy治疗有重要临床的含意，特别孩子，老并且immunodeficient个人。我们为从使EBV不朽的外部血记忆B房间产生高亲密关系的MAbs的成功的策略可能也对另外的传染或自体免疫的疾病适用。

简介：antitumor疫苗的最终的目标是开发记忆CD8+细胞毒素的T淋巴细胞(CTL)，它是antitumor免疫的批评调停人。我们以前证明ovalbumin(卵)特定的CD4+T基于房间(OVA-T用搏动卵的树枝状的房间产生的EXO)疫苗(DC卵)-releasedexosomes(EXO卵)经由IL-2和costimulatoryCD80发信号刺激CTL回答。估计另外的costimulatory小径的潜在的参与并且为存储器CTL开发定义costimulation的关键成分，我们首先使免疫野类型(WT)有WTCD4+OVA-TEXO房间或OVA-T有各种各样的分子的缺乏的EXO房间。我们然后估计了卵特定主要并且召回CTL回答使用PE-H-2K由流动cytometry染色的b/OVA257-264tetramer和FITC-anti-CD8抗体。我们也对表示卵的B16黑瘤房间线BL6-10卵。我们表明了那CD4+OVA-TEXO房间与DC卵。由估计主要并且在与OVA-TEXO或与OVA-T缺乏costimulatory分子CD40L，4-1BBL或OX40L的EXO，我们证明这些costimulatory信号为由OVA-TEXO。有趣地，CD40L，然而并非4-1BBL或OX40L，对BL6-10卵肿瘤。总的来说，这个工作建议能够经由CD40L发信号刺激长期的功能的CTL记忆的一支新奇CD4+T基于房间的疫苗可以代表一条新奇、有效途径到antitumor种痘。

简介：Thepresentstudywasdesignedtodeterminemicrotubule-associatedprotein-2andsynaptophysinexpressioninthehippocampalCA3regioninaratmodelofmiddlecerebralarteryocclusion.TheratsweretreatedwithacupunctureatBaihui(GV20),Qubin(GB7),andQianding(GV21)points,inadditiontoexercisetraining.Resultswerecomparedwithratsundergoingexercisetrainingonly.TheY-mazemethodandimmunohistochemistryrevealeddecreasederrorfrequencyofpassingthroughY-maze,aswellassignificantlyincreasedmicrotubule-associatedprotein-2andsynaptophysinexpression,intheacupuncturewithexercisetraininggroupcomparedwiththemodelandexercisetraininggroupsafter5weeks.Microtubule-associatedprotein-2andsynaptophysinexpressionsnegativelycorrelatedwitherrorfrequencyofpassingthroughtheY-maze.Theseresultssuggestedthatacupuncturecombinedwithexercisetrainingimprovedlearningandmemoryfunctionsinaratmodelofcerebralinfarction.ThemechanismsofactionwerehypothesizedtobeassociatedwithdendriticorsynapticplasticityintheipsilateralhippocampalCA3region.