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简介：UsingtheNationalCenterforEnvironmentalPredictionreanalysisdataon1.0°×1.0°gridsanddatafromtheTropicalCycloneyearbook(2000),adiagnosticanalysisandnumericalsimulationwereperformedtoinvestigatethecharacteristicsandmechanismunderlyingtherapidweakeningoftyphoonXangsane.TheresultsshowthatasharpdeclineintheintensityoftyphoonXangsaneresultedfromitsmovementintothecoolseasurfacetemperatureareaintheEastChinaSea,theintrusionofcoldairfromthemainlandintothetyphoon,andarapidincreaseoftheverticalwindshearinthesurroundingenvironment.Animportantfactorthatledtothedemiseofthetyphoonwasasignificantdecreaseinthemoisturetransportintothetyphoon.Furthermore,theresultsofthenumericalsimulationandsensitivityexperimentsindicatethatseasurfacetemperaturelargelymodulatedtherapidweakeningoftyphoonXangsane.

简介：GreaterChinaonceagainledtheglobalmarketforinitialpublicofferings(IPOs)with372IPOsraisingUS$60.3billion,amidtheglobalmarketexperienceddivergentperformanceacrossregionsinahighervolatilityenvironmentandagreaterrangeoffinancingoptionsnowavailable,accordingtoEY’sGlobalIPOMarketStudyReport:2015reviewand2016outlook.Despitearollercoasterridein2015,theMainlandA-sharemarketisexpectedtohavearewardingyearaheadfollowingthe

简介：Typhoon-generatedwavesposeaseriousthreattothedevelopmentofoffshorewindpower;thereforetypicalwaveparameterscausedbytyphoonnearDonghaiBridge,ademonstrationareaofoffshorewindfarm,wereanalysed.WepayparticularattentiontothedissipationtermwhichisoneofthesourcetermsofgoverningequationforwindwaveevolutioninWAVEWATCHIII.Anisotropicenergydissipationinthewavepropagationdirectionisconsideredandfurtherappliedinourmodel.Agoodagreementisobservedbycomparisonwithinsitudata.Furthermore,thenewimprovedmodelisusedtosimulateandforecastwaveevolutioncausedbyChan-Hom(201509).Theevolutionoftypicalwaveparametersi.e.significantwaveheightandmeanwaveperiodwerediscussedintheEastChinaSea,especiallynearDonghaiBridge.

简介：Therelationshipbetweenthetropicalintra-seasonaloscillation(ISO)andtropicalcyclones(TCs)activitiesovertheSouthChinaSea(SCS)isinvestigatedbyutilizingtheNationalCentersforEnvironmentalPrediction/NationalCenterforAtmosphericResearch(NCEP/NCAR)globalreanalysisdataandtropicalcyclonebest-trackdatafrom1949to2009.Themainconclusionsare:(1)AnewISOindexisdesignedtodescribethetropicalISOactivityovertheSCS,whichcansimplyexpressISOforSCS.AfterexaminingtheapplicabilityoftheindexconstructedbytheClimatePredictionCenter(CPC),wefindthattheconvectionspatialscalereflectedbythisindexistoolargetocharacterizethesmall-scaleSCSandfailstodividetheTCsactivitiesovertheSCSintoactiveandinactivecategories.Consequently,theCPCindexcan’treplacethefunctionofthenewISOindex;(2)TheeastwardspreadprocessoftropicalISOisdividedintoeightphasesusingthenewISOindex,thephasevariationofwhichcorrespondswellwiththeTCsactivitiesovertheSCS.TCsgenerationandlandingaresignificantlyreducedduringinactiveperiod(phase4-6)relativetothatduringactiveperiod(phase7-3);(3)ThecompositeanalysesindicatedistinctTCsactivitiesovertheSCS,whichisconsistentwiththeconcomitantpropagationoftheISOconvectiveactivity.DuringISOactiveperiod,theweathersituationsarefavorableforTCsdevelopmentovertheSCS,e.g.,strongconvection,cyclonicshearandweaksubtropicalhigh,andviceversa;(4)Thecondensationheatingcenters,strongconvectionandwatervaporfluxdivergencearewellcollocatedwitheachotherduringISOactiveperiod.Inaddition,theverticalprofileofcondensationheatindicatesstrongascendingmotionandmiddle-levelheatingovertheSCSduringactiveperiod,andviceversa.Thus,theeastwardpropagationoftropicalISOiscapabletomodulateTCsactivitiesbyaffectingtheheatingconfigurationovertheSCS.

简介：The4thSessionoftheTwelfthNationalPeople'sCongressofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaheldaplenarymeetingonMarch16,2016,andadoptedtheCharityLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,asthefirstcharitylawinChina,itshallcomeintoforceonSeptember1,2016,whichopenstheage

简介：It’sbeenwellrecognizedforthebigroleplayedbyinnovativeruralcooperativefinancialorganizationsintermsofspreadingfarmers’operationrisk,increasingfarmers’income,anddevelopingruraleconomy.However,nosufficientresearchhasbeenconductedregardingthosefactorswhichmayhaveeffectsonthefarmer’swillingnesstoparticipateinthenewruralfinancialorganization.Thispapertriestofilloutthegapofidentifyingvariousfactorswhichmayhavepotentialinfluenceonthefarmer’swillingnesstoparticipateinthenewtypeofruralfinancialcooperatives.Intheprocess,442farmerhouseholdsandsmall-micro-enterprisesaresampledfromthecooperativefinanceexperimentvillagesinPanjinmunicipalityofLiaoningprovince.Thepotentialinfluencingfactorsareclassifiedintofourcategories,includingthefamerhousehold’scharacteristics,financialcooperativereputation,transactioncosts,andservicequality.AdiscreteLogitmodelisusedfortheparameterestimations.Theresultsshowthatmostassumedfactorsdisplaystatisticalsignificanceeffectonthefarmer’swillingnesstotakepartintheruralcooperativefinancingorganizationsbutwithdifferentlevelofsensitivity.Thecauseandeffectarefullydiscussedfollowingbyaddressingpolicyissuesrelatedtotheruralfinancingcooperativereforms.

简介：OnApril11,ChinaInstituteofInternationalStudies(CIIS)andASEAN-ChinaCentre(ACC)co-hostedtheInternationalConferencetoCelebratethe25thAnniversaryofASEAN-ChinaDialogueRelationsinBeijing.CIISPresidentAmb.SuGeandSecretaryGeneralofACCAmb.YangXiupingdeliveredopeningremarksrespectively.Almost100participantsattendedtheopening

简介：在华南海(SCS)的浅南方的翻发行量(MOC)的低频率的可变性为19002010的时期用一个简单海洋数据吸收(苏打)产品被调查。一个动态分解方法在MOC在哪个被分解成Ekman被使用，外部模式，并且垂直砍部件。结果证明所有三个动态部件在SCS贡献季节、年度的吝啬的浅MOC的形成。在SCS的浅MOC由二个房间组成：一顺时针方向在南方的房间和在北方的一个逆时针方向的房间；前者被Ekman流动控制，后者被外部barotropic流动统治，与贡献垂直砍是减少两个房间的大小。另外，在南方的MOC的力量被发现在过去的世纪有一个掉落的趋势，主要对一变弱减少外部部件的运输的吕宋岛海峡运输(LST)到期。进一步的分析建议变弱LST是仔细与一在赤道的太平洋上变弱西的风异例有关，它导致向北赤道的水流(NEC)分叉并且这样的向南方的移动吕宋岛的自台湾东面的菲律宾海流向日本的暖流东方的更强壮的运输。

简介：Continuousmeasurementsofspeciatedatmosphericmercury（Hg）,includinggaseouselementalmercury（GEM）,particulatemercury（PHg）,andreactivegaseousmercury（RGM）wereconductedinGuizhouProvince,southwesternChina.GuiyangPowerPlant（GPP）,GuiyangWujiangCementPlant,GuizhouAluminumPlant（GAP）,andGuiyangForestPark（GFP）inGuiyangwereselectedasstudysites.AutomaticAtmosphericMercurySpeciationAnalyzers（Tekran2537A）wereusedforGEManalysis.PHgandRGMweresimultaneouslycollectedbyamanualsamplingsystem,includingelutriator,coupler/impactor,KCl-coatedannulardenuder,anda?lterholder.ResultsshowthatdifferentemissionsourcesdominatedifferentspeciesofHg.ThehighestaverageGEMvaluewas22.2±28.3ngám-3andthelowest6.1±3.9ngám-3,fromsamplescollectedatGPPandGAP,respectively.ThemaximumaveragePHgwas1984.9pgám-3andtheminimumaverage55.9pgám-3,alsofromGPPandGAP,respectively.Similarly,thehighestaverageRGMof68.8pgám-3wasmeasuredatGPP,andthelowestlevelof20.5pgám-3wasfoundatGAP.WeconcludethatcoalcombustionsourcesarestillplayingakeyroleinGEM;traf?ccontributessigni?cantlytoPHg;anddomesticpollutiondominatesRGM.

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简介：生物土壤外壳为在干旱、半干旱的desertification区域改进生态的环境用作一个前卫。它是本地生态的环境正在承担的改进的水平的好指示物。在荒芜的区域，水状况是改进生态的环境的一个关键因素。作为第一层保护，生物外壳由于他们保存并且维持潮湿的能力在本地植被继任起一个重要作用。把在Ningxia省的Yanchi荒芜的Maowusu用作一个例子，在三年研究以后，当研究反对，这篇论文包括在Artemisiaordosica的盖子下面的地衣，苔藓和cyanobacterial选择三种生物外壳。这研究的结果显示那，外壳越近生物到Artemisiaordosica植被，他们越thicker变得。在Artemisiaordosica植被的一样的位置，苔藓外壳的厚度最高，由cyanobacterial外壳的地衣外壳，和厚度列在后面最低。生物土壤外壳范围保护土壤层的自然的水内容免受0～5 的伤害；厘米。另外，它完成掉落的水到更深渗透，并且不能阻止表面水内容有效地蒸发。堵住水渗入的生物外壳的效果随降雨的增加减少。在一样的降雨水平，苔藓外壳提供最强壮的水渗入阻塞，由地衣外壳和cyanobacterial外壳列在后面。随降雨的增加，水渗入的深度增加。在一样的降雨水平，水渗入深度的关系如下：cyanobacterial外壳>地衣外壳>苔藓外壳。随生物外壳厚度的增加，他们堵住水渗入能力更强壮，并且水渗入的深度更小。生物外壳上的模仿的降雨过程的特征上的分析证明沙的土地能被使用适当人工的生物外壳造一个持续森林保护系统并且在desertification区域创造一个稳定的生态系统修理。

简介：Xianshuihe差错地区是一个seismo基因的差错地区左侧面在西南中国滑倒。自从1725，59Ms≥5.0地震沿着这个差错地区发生了，包括18Ms6.0-6.9和八Ms≥7.0地震。Xianshuihe差错地区的地震风险是对西方的四川经济走廊的大、现实主义的威胁。基于以前的研究，我们执行了地在差错地区的地质的调查和遥感解释。另外，地球物理的调查，trenching并且标明日期年龄在关键部分被进行更好理解差错地区的几何学，空间分发和活动。我们推断把差错地区划分成二部分：西北部分和东南分开，与总数八片断。他们的晚第四级滑动率在11.5mm/a的一个范围变化-(3±1)mm/a。Xianshuihe差错地区的地震活动经常、强壮，期刊，并且重新发生。联合历史的地震的空间、时间的分发，Xianshuihe差错地区的地震危险被使用在不同差错片断引起的地震的大小和频率之间的关系预言了。预言结果证明在Daofu和Qianning之间的片断有Ms≥7.0地震，当在Shimian和Luding之间的片断是可能的有地震时关于Ms7.0。建立GPS或表面排水量的基于InSAR的即时监视网络盖住Xianshuihe差错地区，和地震的一个早警告系统并且张贴地震geohazards盖住主要居住区域被建议。

简介：ThisstudyanalyzestheIshii700mheatcontent(HC)intheSouthChinaSea(SCS).Duringthe1978-2012period,theHCintheSCSchangeddramaticallyoninterannualtimescales.Threemainfindingsemergedfromtheanalysis.1)Thefirstspatialpatternoftheempiricalorthogonalfunction(EOF1)wasconsistentlydistributedovermostoftheSCS,whereasthatofthesecondempiricalorthogonalfunction(EOF2)showedadipolesignal.2)TheHCanomaliesintheSCSwerecloselyrelatedtotheSCSsummermonsoonintensity.WhentheHCovermostoftheSCSincreased(decreased)inpreviouswinter,theSCSsummermonsoonwasstrengthened(weakened).Therefore,theHCbehaviorintheSCSduringpreviouswintercanwellpredicttheintensityoftheSCSsummermonsoon.3)HCanomaliesintheSCSlargelyinfluencethemonsoonandWalkercirculations,inturnaffectingthewesternPacificsubtropicalhighandfinallytheSCSsummermonsoon.

简介：Modelingheight–diameterrelationshipsisanimportantcomponentinestimatingandpredictingforestdevelopmentunderdifferentforestmanagementscenarios.Inthispaper,tenwidelyusedcandidateheight–diametermodelswerefittedtotreeheightanddiameteratbreastheight(DBH)dataforPopuluseuphraticaOliv.withina100hapermanentplotsatArghanVillageinthelowerreachesoftheTarimRiver,XinjiangUyghurAutonomousRegionofChina.Datafrom4781treeswereusedandsplitrandomlyintotwosets:75%ofthedatawereusedtoestimatemodelparameters(modelcalibration),andtheremainingdata(25%)werereservedformodelvalidation.Allmodelperformanceswereevaluatedandcomparedbymeansofmultiplemodelperformancecriteriasuchasasymptotict-statisticsofmodelparameters,standardizedresidualsagainstpredictedheight,rootmeansquareerror(RMSE),Akaike’sinformationcriterion(AIC),meanpredictionerror(ME)andmeanabsoluteerror(MAE).Theestimatedparameteraformodel(6)wasnotstatisticallysignificantatalevelofa=0.05.RMSEandAICtestresultforallmodelsshowedthatexponentialmodels(1),(2),(3)and(4)performedsignificantlybetterthanothers.AlltenmodelshadverysmallMEsandMAEs.Nearlyallmodelsunderestimatedtreeheightsexceptformodel(6).ComparingtheMEsandMAEsofmodels,model(1)producedsmallerMEs(0.0059)andMAEs(1.3754)thanothermodels.Toassessthepredictiveperformanceofmodels,wealsocalculatedMEsbydividingthemodelvalidationdatasetinto10-cmDBHclasses.ThissuggestedthatallmodelswerelikelytocreatehighermeanpredictionerrorsfortreeDBHclasses[20cm.However,nocleartrendwasfoundamongmodels.Model(6)generatedsignificantlysmallermeanpredictionerrorsacrossalltreeDBHclasses.Consideringalltheaforementionedcriteria,model(1):TH?1:3ta=e1tb?eàc?DBHTandmodel(6):TH?1:3tDBH2=eatb?DBHtc?DBH2Tarerecommendedassuitablemodelsfordescribingtheheight–diameterrelationsh

简介：AsfarasChina-USrelationsareconcerned,theTibetissueisoneofthosethatappearedonlyinthepast100years.IthasneverbeenanessentialoneinChina-USrelations.However,fromthedaythatthePeople'sRepublicofChina(PRC)wasestablished,theTibetissueturnedouttobealong-termfactorwhichhasexertedaninfluenceontherelationsbetweenthetwocountriesoveranextendedperiodoftime.

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简介：Lomagundi-Jatuli事件(LJE)是保存13C在在世界范围的Paleoproterozoic碳酸盐的+5和+16之间的carb价值。然而，这些旅行的持续时间，振幅和模式仍然保持糟糕抑制了。在北方中国Craton的2.14-1.83GaHutuo组是一>10km厚火山--沉积顺序，包括>5km在在上被扔的厚保存得很好的碳酸盐--对亚tidal环境潮汐。碳酸盐的152件最不改变的样品的公司同位素、元素的分析揭示了三阶段的13C进化。它以只积极的13Ccarb(+1.3到+3.4)在Dashiling和Qingshicun形成在~上演2.1Ga碳酸盐，从积极价值由转变列在后面到震荡在~的积极、否定的价值3000mWenshan，Hebiancun，Jianancun，和Daguandong形成的厚碳酸盐，并且与只否定的13C保存在的carb价值>500mHuaiyincun和Beidaxing形成的厚dolostones。看来许多LJE，特别地那些极其积极的13Ccarb信号，没在Hutuo碳酸盐被记录。只积极的13Ccarb价值(+1.3到+3.4)多半在更低的形成保存了对应于LJE的目的，而随后二个阶段反映LJE和Shunga-Francevillian事件(SFE)的发作的余殃。现在的数据点到碳上的氧的增加的影响从Doucun骑车到Dongye亚群并且证明在北方中国Craton的LJE的结束与在Fennoscandia和南非的那些是将近同时的。

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简介：Thelong-termdumpingofcoalwastepileshascausedseriousenvironmentalproblems.Releaseoftraceelements(includingrareearthelements,REEs)fromcoalspoilsgobswasinvestigatedatYangquancoalmine,ShanxiProvince,China.X-raydiffraction(XRD)wasusedtoanalyzethemineralcompositionofthecoalspoils.Themineralsofthecoal-spoilsamplesaremainlykaoliniteandquartz,withaminorproportionofpyrite.Thebatchandcolumntestswereemployedtosimulatetheleachingbehavioroftraceelementsfromcoalspoils.ElementsV,Cr,Zn,As,Pb,andCdarehighlyenrichedinallcoalspoils.ThecoalspoilsalsohaveelevatedlevelsofGa,Ge,Se,Sn,Hf,andTh.Theleachateofcoalspoils,friedcoalspoilsandCSFGM(coalspoilsfiregasmineral)samplesareacidic,withthepHvaluesrangingbetween3.0and6.6.Thereleasedelementswithhighconcentrations(over100μg/L)includeFe,Mn,Co,NiandZn,whilemoderately-releasedelementsareCu,Se,MoandAs.Ahighcontentofheavymetalsinbatch-testleachatewithCSFGMindicatesanincreasedmobilityofheavymetalsincoalspoilcombustionbyproduct.Withinthefirsthourwashingwiththeelectrolytesolution,arapidriseofcommoncations,traceelements,andREEscontent,aswellasadropofpHvalue,ineffluentwasobserved.Anincreasedleachingvelocityfavorsthereleaseoftraceelementsfromcoalspoils.Inaddition,thepulseinputofprecipitationledtomoreelementstobereleasedthancontinuousleaching.