简介：Steelplaysavitalroleineveryfacetofourlife.LikeDNAinourbody,steelplaysacrucialroleinthedevelopmentofanysociety.Frominfrastructure,defence,transportation,research&developmentandevenindaytodaylife,everywheresteelisused.Percapitaconsumptionofsteelistreatedasanimportantindexforthesocioeconomicdevelopmentofanycountry.Therapidandcontinuinggrowthofsteelindustryduringlastfewdecadesbearstestimonytotheindispensabilityofsteelasavitalresourceforeconomicdevelopment.Thoughsteelasaproductisecofriendly,theprocessofmakingsteelisassociatedwithlotofenergyandenvironmentalramifications.AccordingtoInternationalEnergyOutlook2009,ironandsteelindustryaccountforabout20%ofthetotalindustrialenergyconsumption.Hencethisindustrialsectorcanplayapivotalroletoinfluencetheenergyandenvironmentalscenarioofanycountry.Asaresponsiblecorporatecitizen,SteelAuthorityofIndiaLimited,thelargeststeelproducerinIndia,hastakenvariousinitiativesovertheyearstowardstheprotectionofenvironmentandreductioninenergyconsumption.Thishasresultedinthereductionofenergyconsumptionbyalmost15.45%overaperiodoflast10years.Theinitiativeisalsoevidentinthecompany’sgrowthplanwhichaimsatalmostdoublingtheproductioncapacityinthenearfuturefromtheexistinglevelof13.5Mt/a.ImplementationoftateofitleanechnologieslikeCDQ,TRT,andwasteheatrecoveryfromsinterplants,maximizingCDI&CTIinblastfurnaces,augmentationofpollutioncontroldeviceswithmoreefficientequipmentareontheanvil.Thesereaffirmourcommitmentsforcleanandsustainableenvironment.ThispapergivesanoverviewoftheeffortstakenbySAILovertheyearsforenergyconservationandenvironmentalprotectionwithspecialemphasisonafewprojectslikebyproductfuelforpowergeneration,useofenergyefficientburners,maximizingtheuseofthyristorsinplaceofmotorgenerators,cokedryquenchin

简介：Highperformancecontrolofaninteractiveprocesssuchasironandsteelplantreliesonabilitytohonorsafetyandoperationalconstraints;reducethestandarddeviationsofvariablesthatneedtobecontrolled(e.g.productquantity,quality);de-bottleneckingtheprocess;and,maximizeprofitabilityorlowercost(e.g.energysavings,improvehotmetalcontent).Theseobjectivesmaybeprioritizedinthisorder,butcanvaryandareverydifficulttoachieveoptimallythroughconventionalcontrol.Amultivariablepredictivecontrollersolution,alongwithitsextensiveinferentialsensorandbuilt-inoptimizer,providesonlineclosedloopcontrolandoptimizationformanyinteractivemetalandminingprocessestolowertheenergycost,increasethroughput,andoptimizeproductqualityandyield.Controlloopperformanceisalsoakeyfactortoimproveironandsteelplantautomationandoperationresult;HoneywellCPMoffersvender-independentproductwhichprovidesmonitoring,tuning,modelingofcontrolloopandsustainableloopperformanceanalysisandmaintenancesolutiontowardsoperationstabilityandenergysaving.

简介：TheFe-Ti-Nmateralloywaspreparedthroughthein-situreactionofnitrogengaswiththeFe-Timelt.ScanningelectronmicroscoperesultsshowthattheparticlesuniformlydistributedintheironmatrixwereTiN.ThedeliberatelypreparedFe-Ti-Nmasteralloywasemployedforthe409Lferriticstainlesssteelinanattempttorefinetheas-castsolidificationstructure.ItwasfoundthattheeffectivenessofFe-Ti-Nmasteralloyonrefiningoftheas-cast409Lferriticstainlesssteelwasaffectedbyadditionlevel,holdingtimeandmeltstemperature.Itwasfoundthattheaverageequiaxedgrainsizedecreasedfrom1503μmto303μm,theproportionofequiaxedgrainzoneincreasedfrom14%to100%withincreasingtheFe-Ti-Nmasteralloyadditionlevelto2.5%.Theproportionofequiaxedgraindecreasedfrom85%to4%asthesolidificationtemperatureincreasedfrom1803Kto1883K.Whentheholdingtimereachedto8min,thesolidificationstructuresof409Lferriticstainlesssteelshowextremepointsintheproportionofequiaxedgrain.Itisclearthatthegrainrefiningefficiencygraduallyfadeawaywiththeincreasingoftheholdingtimeattheverybeginning.However,whentheholdingtimecontinuestoincreaseandexceedstheextremepoint,thegrainrefiningefficiencyoftheFe-Ti-Nmasteralloyrecoveredtoacertaindegree.Theexperimentalresultsmentionedabovehavebeenanalyzedintermsofthermodynamics.Underappropriateconditions,theFe-Ti-Nmasteralloyusedforgrainrefinementofthesolidificationstructureof409Lferriticstainlesssteelmayhavegoodprospectsforindustrialapplications.