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简介：AbstractWith the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the importance of vaccines in epidemic prevention and public health has become even more obvious than ever. However, the emergence of multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants worldwide has raised concerns about the effectiveness of current COVID-19 vaccines. Here, we review the characteristics of COVID-19 vaccine candidates in five platforms and the latest clinical trial results of them. In addition, we further discuss future directions for the research and development of the next generation of COVID-19 vaccines. We also summarize the serious adverse events reported recently after the large-scale vaccination with the current COVID-19 vaccines, including the thromboembolism caused by the AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson vaccines.

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简介：摘要目前，心肺联合移植已成为公认治疗终末期心肺疾病的有效方法。中华医学会器官移植学分会组织心脏和肺移植专家，结合当前国内外心肺联合移植形势，总结国际指南和相关研究最新进展，并结合国内临床实践经验，从心肺联合移植的适应证和禁忌证、手术时机选择、供者选择、供器官获取和保护以及手术要点和术后管理等方面制订《中国心肺联合移植操作规范(2019版)》。

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简介：AbstractAs a highly infectious respiratory tract disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can cause respiratory, physical, and psychological dysfunction in patients. Therefore, pulmonary rehabilitation is crucial for both admitted and discharged patients of COVID-19. In this study, based on the newly released pulmonary rehabilitation guidelines for patients with COVID-19, as well as evidence from the pulmonary rehabilitation of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome, we investigated pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with COVID-19 having complications, such as chronic pulmonary disease, and established an intelligent respiratory rehabilitation model for these patients.

简介：AbstractPsoriasis is an immune-mediated chronic, recurrent, systemic inflammatory disease induced by the combination of hereditary and environmental factors. The etiology of psoriasis involves hereditary, immune, environmental, and other factors, and its pathogenesis is considered to involve excessive proliferation of keratinocytes or inflammatory activation of synovial cells and chondrocytes within joints; these processes are caused by an immune response that is mainly mediated by T lymphocytes and various other immune cells. Psoriasis is an incurable disease, and the goal of treatment is to control the progression of disease and maintain long-term efficacy. Treatment protocols should be based on the patients’ conditions. Patients with mild psoriasis can be mainly treated with topical agents, and those with moderate to severe psoriasis can be treated with systemic medications. Targeted biological agents can be appropriately chosen for cases of psoriasis that are resistant to traditional systemic treatment. New drugs and treatments for psoriasis continue to evolve and emerge, and our updated guidelines are designed to deliver new achievements from China and physicians worldwide and to keep pace with global progress on psoriasis research. Compared with the previous two editions, part of contents have been modified and revised in the present guidelines; this will further facilitate standardization and increase the efficiency of the diagnosis and treatment of psoriasis in China, and improve patients’ quality of life.

简介：摘要目前胃部肿瘤以胃癌、胃肠间质瘤和胃神经内分泌肿瘤最为常见。2019年胃癌的腹腔镜手术方面，一系列的研究成果均显示，微创手术在早期胃癌治疗中的安全性以及进展期胃癌的肿瘤学疗效都与传统开放手术相似，为腹腔镜手术在胃癌治疗中的推广提供了高级别循证医学依据。胃癌综合治疗方面，也有重大研究结果公布，我国的临床研究也逐渐得到国际上的认可和关注。靶向治疗和免疫治疗的应用虽有进展，但在胃癌术后的一线治疗尚未能得到认可。胃肠间质瘤领域，腹腔镜手术也逐渐得到推广，晚期耐药患者手术治疗仍有其价值。胃神经内分泌肿瘤方面，最新研究显示，手术方式应根据肿瘤特性来加以选择，胃癌若合并神经内分泌肿瘤成分则可能预后更差。

简介：摘要2019年9月7—10日，国际肺癌研究会在巴塞罗那举办世界肺癌会议，全球多位肺癌研究人员和临床医生参会。此文介绍了会议上展示的5个重要研究成果。

简介：摘要目的了解儿童脑脊液培养常见菌及其体外耐药性，为其结果解读和临床经验性治疗提供参考。方法查询实验室信息系统，回顾分析浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院2007至2019年所有脑脊液的培养结果，并通过电子病历系统追溯患儿的临床特点。结果共分离到菌株1 312株（细菌1 294株，真菌18株），致病菌497株（37.9%，497/1 312），其中革兰阳性菌288株（57.9%），革兰阴性菌200株（40.3%），真菌9株（1.8%），前5位细菌为大肠埃希菌（20.5%，102/497）、肺炎链球菌（12.9%，64/497）、无乳链球菌（10.5%，52/497）、屎肠球菌（6.6%，33/497）和金黄色葡萄球菌（5.6%，28/497），研究年限内致病菌的分离率有逐年增高趋势（χ²=34.84，P<0.001）。除肺炎链球菌感染者主要为1岁以上儿童外（76.6%，49/64），其他4种菌主要见于1岁以下婴儿［大肠埃希菌（95.1%，97/102）、无乳链球菌（98.1%，51/52）、屎肠球菌（81.8%，27/33）和金黄色葡萄球菌（71.4%，20/28）］。815株（62.1%，815/1 312）为污染菌，以凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（680株）、微球菌（50株）、棒状杆菌（28株）和屎肠球菌［23株，占屎肠球菌总数的41.1%（23/56）］为主，污染菌分离率在夏秋季较高，研究年限内其污染菌分离率逐年下降趋势明显（χ²=13.26，P<0.001）。结论儿童脑脊液培养致病菌以大肠埃希菌、肺炎链球菌、无乳链球菌、屎肠球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌为主，而凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、微球菌、棒状杆菌、屎肠球菌是脑脊液培养常见污染菌，临床医师应结合菌种类型和临床特点分析脑脊液培养的意义。

简介：摘要《中华儿科杂志》儿科常见病专题研讨会——2019年全国新生儿专题峰会于2019年6月27—29日在宁波市成功召开。全国新生儿相关专业学者们进行了分享和交流。

简介：为了更好发挥期刊的学科引领作用,及时传播教育的新理念、新方法和新成果,推进我国护理教育发展,《中华护理教育》计划在2019年进行以下专题报道。此外,还计划开设国家教育政策解读、教育学方法讲座、国外教育标准的介绍与解读等专栏。欢迎广大护理工作者积极关注,踊跃投稿!投稿要求详见《中华护理教育》稿约。

简介：摘要2019年，结直肠癌领域的进展主要集中在围手术期的治疗模式以及姑息治疗中的免疫治疗和靶向治疗，本文将根据今年大型会议的报道以及重要期刊上的文献作为基础，梳理2019年在结直肠癌治疗领域的进展。

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简介：AbstractCardiomyopathies are diseases of the cardiac muscle and are often characterized by ventricular dilation, hypertrophy, and cardiac arrhythmia. Patients with cardiomyopathies often experience sudden death and cardiac failure and require cardiac transplantation during the course of disease progression. Early diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and genetic consultation depend on imaging techniques, genetic testing, and new emerging diagnostic tools such as serum biomarkers. The molecular genetics of cardiomyopathies has been widely studied recently. The discovery of mechanisms underlying heterogeneity and overlapping of the phenotypes of cardiomyopathies has revealed the existence of disease modifiers, and this has led to the emergence of novel disease-modifying therapy. This 2018-2019 state-of-the-art review outlines the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiomyopathies in China.