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简介:Atpresent,thereisnoeffectivetreatmentfortherepairoftheopticnerveafterinjury,orimprovementofitsmicroenvironmentforregeneration.Intravitreallyinjectedciliaryneurotrophicfactor(CNTF)andolfactoryensheathingcells(OECs)promotethelong-distanceregrowthofseveredopticnervefibersafterintracranialinjury.Here,weexaminedtheefficacyofthesetechniquesaloneandincombination,inaratmodelofopticnerveinjury.WeinjectedcondensedOECsuspensionatthesiteofinjury,orCNTFintothevitreousbody,orbothsimultaneously.Retrogradetracingtechniquesshowedthat4weekspostoperatively,thenumberofsurvivingretinalganglioncellsandtheiraxonaldensityintheopticnerveweregreaterinratssubjectedtoOECinjectiononlythaninthosereceivingCNTFinjectiononly.Furthermore,combinedOEC+CNTFinjectionachievedbetterresultsthaneithermonotherapy.ThesefindingsconfirmthatOECsarebetterthanCNTFatprotectinginjuredneuronsintheeye,butthatcombinedOECandCNTFtherapyisnotablymoreeffectivethaneithertreatmentalone.
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简介:ImmersedtunnelisanimportantpartoftheHongKong–Zhuhai–MacaoBridge(HZMB)project.Inimmersedtunnelfloating,translationwhichincludesstraightandtransversemovementsisthemainworkingmode.Todecidethemagnitudeanddirectionofthetowingforceforeachtug,aparticleswarm-basedtranslationcontrolmethodispresentedfornon-powerimmersedtunnelelement.Asortoflinearweightedlogarithmicfunctionisexploitedtoavoidweaksubgoals.Insimulation,theparticleswarm-basedcontrolmethodisevaluatedandcomparedwithtraditionalempiricalmethodinthecaseoftheHZMBproject.Simulationresultsshowthatthepresentedmethoddeliversperformanceimprovementintermsoftheenhancedsurplustowingforce.
简介:摘要: 增词法是英汉翻译中最常见的翻译方法,指在正确理解原文的基础上在译文中增加必要的词语,目的是使译文准确无误,合乎译文习惯, 并实现忠实地体现作者的思想。翻译的原则是“忠实”、“通顺”,它是有一定规律可循的, 基本上可以在语法、语义、逻辑、修辞等几方面得到体现, 本文试图探讨增词的原因、目的、策略、原则和具体应用, 主要对它的应用实例进行归纳总结。
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