简介：ThispaperanalyzestheimpactsofurbanizationandunemploymentrateonChina’sdivorceratewiththepaneldataof31Chineseprovincesfrom2000to2011.Thestudymanifestsasfollows.First,thesignificantinfluenceofurbanizationcannotbeobservedontherisingbreakdownsincethelatterisnottheinevitableresultoftheformer.Inthesecondplace,unemploymentratehasasignificantnegativeinfluenceondivorcerate,namely,withtheformerincreasing,thelatterwilldecrease,whichechoestheperspectiveofdivorcecost.Andfinally,thispaperalsofindspositiveeffectsofpercapitafixedinvestment,old-agedependencyrate,averagehouseholdsize,theproportionoffloatingpopulationandpopulationdensity,andnegativecorrelationofaverageeducationattainmentondivorcerate.

简介：Whenwetrytoestimatefutureenvironmentalcostsresultingfromourcurrenteconomicactivities,weusuallycalculatethepresentvalueoftheconsequencesforourfuturegenerationsbyutilizingadiscountrateasastandardeconomicprocedure.Thepopularityofthisprocedureissolelysupportedbyitssimplicitywhichassumes:(1)aperfectfinancialmarketovereven100years,and(2)existenceofastabletimepreferencebetweentwoconsecutiveperiodsforanindividualconsumer.Anapparentdeficiencyofthisapproachisthatthepresentvalueoflifequalityoffuturegenerationsvariestoalargeextentalonganarbitrarilychosendiscountrate.Asamatteroffact,thediscountrate,whichcouldreflectthetimepreferenceas2%or5%,matterswhenwepredictcurrentstrategiesofenvironmentalprotectionforfuturegenerations.Simplyapplyingadiscountratetoevaluatethequalityofourfuturegeneration,withoutclarifyingtheactualproductionmechanismbehindthis,isalmosttothesameasignoringthefactthatallofthegoodsareproducedthroughanactualproductionprocessandthatenvironmentaldegradationreducestheefficiencyofthatprocess.Thegreatestconcernforourfuturegenerationsshouldnotbegivenbyanassumeddiscountrate,sincethediscountrateitselfisdeterminedbyfinancialmarketconditionsatcertainpointsintime.