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简介：Thereliabilityofreal-timeembeddedsoftwaredirectlydeterminesthereliabilityofthewholereal-timeembeddedsystem,andtheeffectivesoftwaretestingisanimportantwaytoensuresoftwarequalityandreliability.Basedontheanalysisofthecharacteristicsofreal-timeembeddedsoftware,theformalmethodisintroducedintothereal-timeembeddedsoftwaretestingfieldandthereal-timeextendedfinitestatemachine(RT-EFSM)modelisstudiedfirstly.Then,thetimezonedivisionmethodofreal-timeembeddedsystemispresentedandthedefinitionanddescriptionmethodsoftime-constrainedtransitionequivalenceclass(timeCTEC)arepresented.Furthermore,theapproachesofthetestingsequenceandtestcasegenerationareputforward.Finally,theproposedmethodisappliedtoatypicalavionicsrealtimeembeddedsoftwaretestingpracticeandtheexamplesofthetimeCTEC,testingsequencesandtestcasesaregiven.Withtheanalysisofthetestingresult,theapplicationverificationshowsthattheproposedmethodcaneffectivelydescribethereal-timeembeddedsoftwarestatetransitioncharacteristicsandreal-timerequirementsandplaytheadvantagesoftheformalmethodsinaccuracy,effectivenessandtheautomationsupporting.Combinedwiththetestingplatform,thereal-time,closedloopandautomatedsimulationtestingforreal-timeembeddedsoftwarecanberealizedeffectively.

简介：有极端协议、简单的结构的波长splitter被使用两飞机波浪扩大(PWE)建议并且分析方法和有限差别时间领域(FDTD)方法。设备基于在二平行的锂niobate之间的方向性的联合(LiNbO3，行)nanowire光波导。有5m的acoupling区域长度的波长splitter能比97%高用发射度为相应产量分开1.31m和1.55m波长。

简介：Volumetricelasticmodulus(VEM)isanimportantparameterinbiophysicsandbiomechanicsofplantsforinparticularunderstandingcellgrowth.ThispaperproposesanewrelationthatcanbeusedforpreciselydeterminingVEM.Withtheaidofthisrelation,itshowsthattheexponentialapproximationofthepressure-volumerelationshipadoptedinmostoftheliteraturesinthisfieldmayleadtoseriouserrorsonVEM.

简介：一个有效压缩方法被基于与在完全上的Gabor字典匹配追求(MP)算法编码原子的顺序索引建议，它有优点与低失真根据实际请求调整压缩比率(CR)。减少计算复杂性也与基因算法(GA)被相结合。然后，这个方法的有效性被在electrocardiography(ECG)的压缩使用它验证，Electroencephalography(EEG)发信号。模拟结果证明CR能分别地在ECG和EEG信号上与1.06%和2.15%仅仅重建错误在18:1被完成。它与传统的方法，和噪音抑制效果的相比有更高的CR和更少重建错误也被介绍。

简介：Thespring(March-April-May)rainfallovernorthernChina(SPRNC)ispredictedbyusingtheinterannualincrementapproach.DYdenotesthedifferencebetweenthecurrentyearandpreviousyears.TheseasonalforecastmodelfortheDYofSPRNCisconstructedbasedonthedatathataretakenfromthe1965-2002period(38years),inwhichsixpredictorsareavailablenolaterthanthecurrentmonthofFebruary.Thisisfavorablesothattheseasonalforecastscanbemadeonemonthahead.Then,SPRNCandthepercentageanomalyofSPRNCareobtainedbythepredictedDYofSPRNC.Themodelperformswellinthepredictionoftheinter-annualvariationoftheDYofSPRNCduring1965-2002,withacorrelationcoefficientbetweenthepredictedandobservedDYofSPRNCof0.87.Thisaccountsfor76%ofthetotalvariance,withalowvaluefortheaveragerootmeansquareerror(RMSE)of20%.Boththeresultsofthehindcastfortheperiodof2003-2010(eightyears)andthecross-validationtestfortheperiodof1965-2009(45years)illustratethegoodpredictioncapabilityofthemodel,withasmallmeanrelativeerrorof10%,anRMSEof17%andahighrateofcoherenceof87.5%forthehindcastsofthepercentageanomalyofSPRNC.

简介：Inthispaper,elitistreconstructiongeneticalgorithm(ERGA)basedonMarkovrandomfield(MRF)isintroducedforimagesegmentation.Inthisalgorithm,apopulationofpossiblesolutionsismaintainedateverygeneration,andforeachsolutionafitnessvalueiscalculatedaccordingtoafitnessfunction,whichisconstructedbasedontheMRFpotentialfunctionaccordingtoMetropolisfunctionandBayesianframework.Aftertheimprovedselection,crossoverandmutation,anelitistindividualisrestructuredbasedonthestrategyofrestructuringelitist.ThisprocedureisprocessedtoselectthelocationthatdenotesthelargestMRFpotentialfunctionvalueinthesamelocationofallindividuals.Thealgorithmisstoppedwhenthechangeoffitnessfunctionsbetweentwosequentgenerationsislessthanaspecifiedvalue.Experimentsshowthattheperformanceofthehybridalgorithmisbetterthanthatofsometraditionalalgorithms.

简介：Aseriesofnovelamphibiousorganic/inorganichybridprotonexchangemembraneswithH3PO4dopedwhichcouldbeusedunderbothwetanddryconditionswaspreparedthroughasol-gelprocessbasedonacrylatedtriethoxysilane(A-TES)andbenzyltetrazole-modifiedtriethoxysilane(BT-TES).Thedual-curingapproachincludingUV-curingandthermalcuringwasusedtoobtainthecrosslinkedmembranes.Polyethyleneglycol(400)diacrylate(PEGDA)wasusedasanoligomertoformthepolymericmatrix.Themolecularstructuresofprecursorswerecharacterizedby1H,13Cand29SiNMRspectra.Thethermogravimetricanalysis(TGA)resultsshowthatthemembranesexhibitacceptablethermalstabilityfortheirapplicationatabove200oC.Thedifferentialscanningcalorimeter(DSC)determinationindicatesthatthecrosslinkedmembraneswiththemassratiosofbelow1.6ofBT-TEStoA-TESandthesamemassofH3PO4dopedasthatofA-TESpossessthe-Tgs,andthelowestTg(-28.9℃)existsforthemembranewithdoublemassofH3PO4dopedaswell.Thehighprotonconductivityinarangeof9.4―17.3mS/cmwiththecorrespondingwateruptakeof19.1%―32.8%ofthemembraneswasdetectedat90oCunderwetconditions.Meanwhile,theprotonconductivityinadryenvironmentforthemembranewithamassratioof2.4ofBT-TEStoA-TESanddoubleH3PO4loadingincreasesfrom4.89×10-2mS/cmat30℃to25.7mS/cmat140℃.Theexcellentprotontransportabilityunderbothhydrousandanhydrousconditionsdemonstratesapotentialapplicationinthepolymerelectrolytemembranefuelcells.

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简介：与超声的助理混合方法，polyol/organo的设置的混合物反应montmorillonite(ORMMT)是pretreated。prepolymer填写了MMT泥土被polyol/ORMMT混合的反应与甲苯diisocyanate(TDI)准备。结果的prepolymer与扩展程序(DMTDA)然后polyurethane-urea/organo反应了反应montmorillonite(PUU/ORMMT)nanocomposites被获得。PUU/ORMMTnanocomposites的结构，形态学和性质被英尺红外，TEM，AFM，紧张压力机器，TGA，和动态机械分析(直接存储器存取)描绘。结果证明当OMMT内容是3%时，PUU/ORMMTnanocomposities执行了超级机械性质。因为ORMMT的存在，两T<潜水艇class=“a-plus-plus”>软片断的g并且黝黑增加的PUU，和为第一步和第二步的分解温度分别地增加了。TEM图象证明在PUU合成展览的organophilicMMT粒子置闰和脱落的高度。

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简介：目前，相等的水深度截断了系在的系统优化设计被认为是混合模型为深海平台测试的优先级，并且以后将代替完整的深度系统测试。与完整的深度系统相比，工作深度和跨度在截断的那，和另外的特征是更小的也维持更多的一致性。在这篇论文，一辆内部战车系在漂浮在320m的水深度工作的生产存储与卸载的系统(FPSO)，当截断的水深度是80m时，被选择是一个研究例子。而且，一改进非统治的排序基因算法(INSGA-II)被选择最佳地计算相等的水深度，截断了系统在水平、垂直的方向，以及静电干扰的全部的绳索系统的压力条件代表性的单身者的典型类似绳索线。数字计算的结果显示数学模型是可行的，并且优化方法快、有效。

简介：许多真实世界的问题是动态的，要求能连续地追踪随着时间的过去改变optima(最佳)的优化算法。这份报纸用近邻居的效果的观点建议一个改进微分进化算法决定一位个人邻居，为追踪在动态环境的多重optima。用近邻居的效果的新变化策略也被介绍。它由在它的邻居利用存储记忆点，并且利用生产由的微分向量创造个人nearneighbor优异并且near-neighbor-inferior。从生物免疫系统拿灵感，一个免疫系统基于计划为很快检测并且对环境变化作出回应被介绍。另外，一个差别相关的multidirectional扩大计划被介绍从不同尺寸集成珍贵信息为有效地并且很快在搜索空间发现有希望的最佳。动态情形的实验由典型动态测试instancemoving山峰问题创造了，证明了近邻居并且基于的免疫系统微分进化算法(NIDE)在处理动态优化功能是有效的。

简介：Thevoltagecontrolledoscillator-based(VCO-based)continuous-timedelta-sigma(CTDS)analogtodigitalconverter(ADC)suffersfromnonlinearityandmismatchinitsfeedbacknetwork.Anewfeedbacknetworkconsistingofaphaseshifterisproposed.Thephaseshifterreplacesthedigitaltoanalogconverter(DAC)intheproposedarchitecture.Feasibilityoftheproposedideaisdiscussedanditshigherperformanceisillustratedthroughabehavioralsimulationapproach(CppSim).Wehavealsodevelopedthephaseshifterasavariableall-passfilterintheClanguage.ThenonlinearityandmismatchofthesystemcausedbyDACismitigated,resultinginhighersignaltonoiseratio(SNR)andsignaltonoiseanddistortionratio(SNDR),respectively.

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简介：异构或合成的材料的有效热传导性为在科学和工程的特定的功能是材料选择和设计的一个必要物理参数。有效热传导性重重地在部分和每个阶段的空间分发上被依靠。在这个工作，基于图象的有限元素方法(女性)被用来与不同毛孔结构计算多孔的陶艺的有效热传导性。与象理论(EMT)方程和平行建模的有效媒介那样的以前的理论模型相比，基于图象的女性的罐头与相对稳定的偏差被用于材料系统的一个大变化。基于图象的女性的计算的偏差主要来自之间的差别二维(2D)想象并且三维(3D)真实系统的结构，和一个实验被执行证实这个假设。因素影响2D和3D有效热传导性被学习由对女性说明精确性和申请条件基于图象女性。

简介：Atpresentwhatarethekeypointsfocusedintheresearchofloop-delayestimationforthedigitalpredistorterintheradiofrequency(RF)poweramplifiersystemisreducingitscomplexityofengineeringrealizationandimprovinganti-jammingabilityandcomputationalspeed.Besides,openingupitsapplicationscopeshouldbecontained.Forthesetargets,anovelmethodincludingintegerloopdelayestimationandfractionalpartisproposed.Theintegerpartappliesamplitude-differencesummationfunctionandthefractionaloneadoptsthemethodoffiniteimpulseresponse(FIR)linearinterpolation.Thealgorithmfindswideapplications.Whatismore,stronganti-jammingabilityandlowcomplexityarealsoitsmerits.Simulationresultssupporttheaboveopinion.Digitalpredistortion(DPD)systembasedonthisalgorithmachievesgoodperformance.

简介：一个改进线性时间的重新预定的算法被建议逐渐地优化钟时期，特别就影响而言在里面外面批评combinational元素的度。第一，批评元素从所有批评combinational元素被选择到重新预定。第二，为不能与这被执行的节点重新预定，当路径延期被使未改变时，收款机分享被实现。增长算法能被使用，技术印射最小化批评路径延期并且与在最佳附近的钟时期在重新预定的电路获得更少寄存器。与Singhs增长算法相比，试验建议算法能减少的表演当在6%改进最小的钟时期时，在11%的正反器计数和查找桌子(LUT)在5%数。运行时刻被9%设计流动也减少。

简介：ThispaperproposesaPCAandKPCAself-fusionbasedMSTARSARautomatictargetrecognitionalgorithm.Thisalgorithmcombinesthelinearfeatureextractedfromprincipalcomponentanalysis(PCA)andnonlinearfeatureextractedfromkernelprincipalcomponentanalysis(KPCA)respectively,andthenutilizestheadaptivefeaturefusionalgorithmwhichisbasedontheweightedmaximummargincriterion(WMMC)tofusethefeaturesinordertoachievebetterperformance.Thelinearregressionclassifierisusedintheexperiments.Theexperimentalresultsindicatethattheproposedself-fusionalgorithmachieveshigherrecognitionratecomparedwiththetraditionalPCAandKPCAfeaturefusionalgorithms.