简介：Throughanalyzingtheprincipleofdatasharinginthedata-basesystem,thispaperdiscussestheprincipleandmethodforintegratingandsharingGISdatabydataengine,introducesawaytoachievethehighintegrationandsharingofGISdataonthebasisofVCTinVC++,andpro-videsthemethodforunitingVCTintoRDBMSinordertoimplementaspa-tialdatabasewithobject-orienteddatamodel.

简介：IthaslongbeenacknowledgedthatGISdatacanbeusedasauxiliaryinformationtoimproveremotesensingimageclassification.Inpreviousstudies,GISdatawereoftenusedintrainingareaselectionandpostprocessingofclassificationresultoractedasadditionalbands.Generally,itisfulfilledinastatisticalorinteractivemanner,soitisdifficulttousetheauxiliarydataautomaticallyandintelligently.　　Furthermore,iftheclassifierrequestscertainstatisticalcharacteristics,theadditionalbandmethodcannotbeusedbecausemostauxiliarydatadonotmeettherequirementsofstatisticalcharacteristics.Ontheotherhand,expertsystemtechniqueswereincorporatedinremotesensingimageclassificationtomakeuseofdomainknowledgeandlogicalreasoning.Butbuildinganimageclassificationexpertsystemwasverydifficultbecauseofthe“knowledgeacquisitionbottleneck”.　　Spatialdataminingandknowledgediscovery(SDMKD),istheextractionofimplicit,interestingspatialornon_spatialpatternsandgeneralcharacteristics.Weproposedatheoreticalandtechnicalframeworkofspatialdataminingandknowledgediscovery(Lietal.,1997).Andspatialdataminingissupposedtobeusedintwoaspects,oneisintelligentanalysisofGISdata,theotheristosupportknowledgedriveninterpretationandanalysisofremotesensingimages.SDMKDprovidesanewwayofknowledgeacquisitionforremotesensingimageclassification.Severalresearchershavedonesomeworkinthisfield.Eklundetal.(1998)extractedknowledgefromTMimagesandgeographicdatainsoilsalinityanalysisusinginductivelearningalgorithmC4.5.Huangetal.(1997)extractedknowledgefromGISdataandSPOTmultispectralimageinwetlandclassificationusingC4.5too.Inthesetwostudies,geographicdatawereconvertedfromvectortorasterformatinwhichthesamplingsizeisequaltoimagepixelsize.Theimplementationofdataminingtechniquesinspatialdatabase,especiallyinductivelearningmethod,andthecombinationo

简介：Inordertosetupaconceptualdatamodelthatreflectstherealworldasaccuratelyaspossible,thispaperfirstlyreviewsandanalyzesthedisadvantagesofpreviousconceptualdatamodelsusedbytraditionalGISinsimulatinggeographicspace,givesanewexplanationtogeographicspaceandanalyzesitsvariousessentialcharacteristics.Finally,thispaperproposesseveraldetailedkeypointsfordesigninganewtypeofGISdatamodelandgivesasimpleholisticGISdatamodel.

简介：Atpresent,thereexisttwomethodsusedtorecoverthebathymetryfromaltimeterdata,i.e.thedeterministicmethodandthestochasticmethod.Inthispaper,theprinciplesofthetwomethodsareintroducedfirst.Thenaccordingtothetheoryofleast-squarecollocation,amodifiedstatisticalmodelforrecoveringbathymetryfromaltimeterdataisproposed.ThenewmodelhasbeenusedforcomputingtheoceandepthintheSouthChinaSeafromaltimeter-derivedgravityanomalies.Finallythepredicteddepthsarecomparedwiththeship-bornedepth.Itshowsthattheyagreewitheachotherverywell.

简介：GPS运动学的搬运人阶段大小能被用来决定七个尺寸状态和一个动的搬运人的三个态度参数，例如一架飞机或一只lowearth轨道太空船，一条天线在上被安装收到GPS信号。自从1994，在动的环境的GPS搬运人阶段大小为点高度为二个维的位置和卤18.1cm获得了卤7.9cm的外部精确性，这在中国从摄影测量学的在空中的GPS测试结果被知道。这份报纸与multireference车站描述在空中的GPS搬运人阶段大小并且讨论怎么评估GPS运动学的数据的信心。

简介：作为南极洲以曾经增加的率正在被收集并且创造的数字数据，为研究的这些数据的实用性，GIS分析并且计划一直在增加。当前没有正式标准让这些数据集相遇，它在从不同来源集成数据引起困难。从科学家和研究人员的反馈是那以便在他们需要存取两个的基本、基本的数据集上执行任何种GIS分析：standardised和综合数据和在本地化的区域(一个数据图书馆)的鈥榬aw鈥?数据(一个数字数据产品)。起来直到现在，没有协调途径或程序获得，或甚至存取基本数据集。南极地理数据集成(AGDI)工程在附近都一起带它，也就是说通过一个数据产品和一个数据图书馆为南极洲便于综合基本GIS数据的可获得性。这篇论文描述AGDI是什么，为什么有它，它的目的是什么，AGDI和各种各样的工程的地位的不同部件上的细节在基本数据集的收集包含了。什么可以发生在AGDI开发和一个未来工作节目身上，简短也构画出。

简介：Onthebasisofananalysisoftheerrorsourcesinmultibeamechosoundingsystem,adataprocessingmethodforcompensatingsystematicerrorsinmultibeamsurveyisproposed.Inordertoimprovetheaccuracyofoverallswath,adatafusiontechniqueusingsinglebeamsurveydataascontrolinformationforsinglebeamandmultibeamechosoundingisthenpresented.Somequestionsinvolvedinsolvingtheadjustmentproblem,suchasitsfeasibilityandthenumericalstability,arediscussedindetail,andatwo-stepadjustmentmethodissuggested.Finally,apracticalsurveydatasetisusedasacasestudytoprovetheefficiencyandreliabilityoftheproposedmethods.

简介：Landresourcesarefacingcrisesofbeingmisused,especiallyforanintersectionareabetweentownandcountry,andlandcontrolhastobeenforced.Thispaperpresentsadevelopmentofdataminingmethodforlandcontrol.Avector-matchmethodfortheprerequisiteofdataminingi.e.,datacleaningisproposed,whichdealswithbothcharacterandnumericdataviavectorizingcharacter-stringandmatchingnumber.Aminimaldecisionalgorithmofroughsetisusedtodiscovertheknowledgehiddeninthedatawarehouse.Inordertomonitorlandusedynamicallyandaccurately,itissuggestedtosetupareal-timelandcontrolsystembasedonGPS,digitalphotogrammetryandonlinedatamining.Finally,themeansisappliedintheintersectionareabetweentownandcountryofWuhancity,andasetofknowledgeaboutlandcontrolisdiscovered.

简介：Theincreasingusageofmultimediaobjects,suchasRSimages,scannedphotographs,videorecordings,textsandvoiceinformation,demandsanefficientmethodtoorganizeenormousinformation(Taylor,1996).Intwoyears,thesatelliteremotesensingindustrywillprovidegeographicinformationsystem(GIS)userswithasignificantnewtooltocreatebase_mapandupdatetheirGISdatabaseswithdetailedinformation.Thistoolwillbemoreandmoreusefulwhenthesatelliteimagerywith1mspatialresolutionisused(Kevin,1996).　　Hypermediatechniqueisfrequentlyusedtodealwithdifferentmedia,andtoorganizethediverseandinnumerabledataincomputerswithverylimitedCPUspeedandmemory.ThetechniquehasbeendemonstratedtobeanefficientwayforprocessingalargeamountofRSimagedata.　　Inthispaperwepresentthehypermediadatamodel,whichisbasedonRSimageinGIS.Usingthemodelconcept,wecanhandlealargeamountofRSimagedataefficientlywithverylimitedcomputingpower.Wehavedevelopedthemodelwiththreekindsofnodes:interiornode,physicalnodeandcomplexnodetoorganizetheinfinityimage.

简介：处理模型，最少的正方形(LS)，Kalman过滤和H∞过滤的三个GPS运动学的数据的特征被讨论，他们的优点和劣势被比较。与观察数据和恰当的数据处理软件，三个模型的适用的条件，上下文和效果被试验。结果证明当活动平台在匀速运动时，三个模型的精确性是几乎相等的；当活动平台在随机的加速时，过滤模型的H∞的精确性比LS的优异，当过滤的Kalman的是最糟时。

简介：

简介：Distribution,interoperability,interactivity,componentarefourmainfeaturesofdistributedGIS.Basedontheprincipleofhypermap,hypermediaanddistributeddatabase,thepapercomesupwithakindofdistributedspatialdatamodelwhichisinaccordancewiththosefeaturesofdistributedGIS.Themodeltakescatalogserviceastheoutlineofspatialinformationglobalization,anddefinesdatastructureofhypermapnodeindifferentlevel.Basedonthemodel,itisfeasibletomanageandprocessdistributedspatialinformation,andintegratemulti_source,heterogeneousspatialdataintoaframework.Traditionally,toretrieveandaccessspatialdataviaInternetisonlybythemeormapname.Withtheconceptofthemodel,itispossibletoretrieve,load,andlinkspatialdatabyvector_basedgraphicsontheInternet.

简介：高压缩比率，高译码性能，和进步数据传播是为WebGIS的向量数据压缩算法的最重要的要求。满足这些要求，我们在场一条新压缩途径。这篇论文由把漂流坐标变换成整数坐标以多尺度的数据的产生开始。在屏幕上的变换的点和原来的点之间的距离在2个象素以内，这被证明，因此，我们的途径对顾客方面上的向量数据的可视化合适。整数坐标被传递给一个整数小浪变压器，并且高周波的系数由变压器生产了被正规哈夫曼代码编码。河数据和道路数据上的试验性的结果表明建议途径的有效性：为河数据的压缩比率罐头活动范围10%和20%为道路数据分别地。我们断定更多的注意需要被付到在包含一些点的弯曲之间的关联。

简介：GeographicalInformationSystem(GIS)iswidelyusedinmanyfields.Withtherapiddevelopmentofcomputernetwork,GISuserscaremoreaboutdatasharinginnetworks.Intraditionalrelationaldatabase,dataconsistencywascontrolledbyconsistencycontrolmechanismwhenadataobjectislockedinasharingmode,othertransactionscanonlyreadit,butcannotupdateit.Thisisappropriateintraditionalrelationaldatabasesthatstoreattributedataandmainlydealwithshorttransactions.Inspatialdatabases,becauseofvastamountofdataandcomplextopologicalrelations,longtransactionaremetfrequently.Ifthetraditionalconsistencycontrolmethodhasbeenusedyet,thesystem'sconcurrencywillbebadlyinfluenced.SotherecomemanynewrequirementsfortheconsistencycontrolinthefieldofGIS.Therearemanyaspectsofdataconsistencyproblemsinspatial　databases,suchastheinconsistencybetweenattributeandgeometrydata;theinconsistencyoftopologicalrelationsaftergeometryobjectshasbeenmodified.Inthispaper,othertwocasesofdataconsistencyarediscussedinMulti_userGeographicalInformationSystem.　　InGIS,therearemanyformsofdata,suchasgeometrydata,attribute,imagedata,andDEMdata.Inthispaper,weonlydiscussspatialgeometrydata.

简介：万维网上的地图数据的进步传播向用户提供自我适应的策略存取遥远的数据。它不仅加快网转移而且为信息提供一个有效航行指南获得。在这传播的关键技术在服务器地点上是空间数据和组织前的有效多重表示。这份报纸瞄准从三个方面调查一些限制的进步传播：服务器地点上的数据组织，在传播进程和数据的数据控制在联系顾客以后恢复。二策略，也就是联机的地图归纳和离线的地图归纳，为这种进步传播分别地被检验。

简介：ThecurrentGIScanonlydealwith2-Dor2.5-Dinformationontheearthsurface.Anew3-Ddatastructureanddatamodelneedtobedesignedforthe3-DGIS.Thispaperanalyzesdiverse3-Dspatialphenomenafromminetogeologyandtheircomplicatedrelations,andproposesseveralnewkindsofspatialobjectsincludingcross-section,columnbodyanddigitalsurfacemodeltorepresentsomespecialspatialphenomenaliketunnelsandirregularsurfacesofanorebody.Anintegrateddatastructureincludingvector,rasterandobject-orienteddatamodelsisusedtorepresentvarious3-Dspatialobjectsandtheirrelations.Theintegrateddatastructureandobject-orienteddatamodelcanbeusedasbasestodesignandrealizea3-Dgeographicinformationsystem.

简介：Ithasbeendebatedthatwhichofrasterandvectoristhemosteffective,fromtheviewpointsofstorageefficiency,processingefficiency,andabilitytocapturetheessenceofgeographicspaceforanapplication.Theremaybenoclearanswertothisdebate.Itseemsappropriatetonotethatthemaindifferencebetweenthemrelatestothedegreetowhichthespatialentitiesofinterestareexplicitinthedata.　Ingeneral,rasterremotesensingimageallowstheinvestigatortomeasureandmonitorsurfaceelectromagneticwavevariationinwhichmostobjectsandthespatialinterrelationshipsbetweenthemareimplicit.Inpractice,therearemanypoorlyunderstoodtradeoffsincouplingremotesensingdatatoexistingthematicmaps.Mapsusepointsandlinestorepresentselectedfeaturesoftheenvironmentinageneralizedfashion,buttheobjectssuchasindividualpolygons,linesandpointswithinanimagearetypicallyunknown.　　TheintegrationofremotesensinginformationintoaGISoccursnaturallyinarasterGISbecausebothdatastructuresareapproximatelythesame.Integrationintoavectorsystemrequiressomewhatmoreeffort,butithasbeenrecentlyachievedbyseveralGISandremotesensingvendors.Whenoneisstoringalargeamountofimagedatarelatedtosomeapplicationsintoaspatialdatabasesystem,itisnotpossibletoprocessthedataandtoobtainpolygonalrepresentationsofallobjectsthatwillbeofinteresttousersinadvance.Ontheotherhand,itmightbeofgreatvalueinsuchasystemtohaveavectorrepresentationofcertainimportantobjects.Forthisapplication,oneneedstodesignasystemwithbothrasterandvectorcapabilities,aswellastoolstointerrelatethem.Especially,asinFig.1,weneedtoprocessbothrasterandvectorsimultaneously.　　Asdescribedabove,whileaspatialinformationsystemmayhaveseveraldatastructures,thesystemcouldbeextendedinseveralwayswhichcorrespondtothefollowingdifferentproperties(seeFig.2):　1)Thestuructureinforma

简介：Thispaperendeavourstoputthediscussiononerrorsanduncertaintiesingeographicalinformationsystems(GISs)inamoresystematicwaybyexaminingthestrengthandweaknessofdiscreteobjectsandcontinuousfields,thetwodistinctschoolsofspatialdatamodelling.Indoingso,itarguesthatneitherdiscreteobjectsnorcontinuousfieldsaloneprovideobjectiveandcompleterepresentationsofhighlycomplexgeographicalphenomena,thoughtherearegoodreasonsforassertingthatcontinuousfieldsarebettersuitedtomodellingspatialdependence,heterogeneityandfuzzinesssignificantingeographicalrealitythandiscreteobjects.Thus,thereseemstobemeritinadoptinganintegratedmodelincorporatinganalyticalcapabilitiesoffieldsandgeneralizationfunctionsofobjects,forwhichextendedTIN(triangulatedirregularnetwork)modelsalongwiththeirduals(Voronoidiagrams)provideapragmaticalsolution.

简介：为图象更新算法的一个动态数据多余分辨率被建议。Delaunay三角测量和它的本地更新性质的在基础，这个算法能在这种情况下那直接更新改变的区域仅仅来源图象的部分被改变了。为它的高效率和适应性，这个算法能为图象用作一个快算法多余分辨率重建。

简介：Thispaperpresentsadatafusionmethodindistributedmulti-sensorsystemincludingGPSandINSsensors'dataprocessing.First,aresidualχ2-teststrategywiththecorrespondingalgorithmisdesigned.Thenacoefficientmatricescalculationmethodoftheinformationsharingprincipleisderived.Finally,thefederatedKalmanfilterisusedtocombinetheseindependent,parallel,real-timedata.Apseudolite(PL)simulationexampleisgiven.