简介：Inversetechniqueisawidelyusedmethodinoceanography,butithasaproblemthattheretrievedsolutionsoftenviolatemodelpriorassumptions.Totunethemodelhasconsistentsolutions,aniterationapproach,whichsuccessivelyutilizestheposteriorstatisticsfornextroundinverseestimation,isintroducedandtestedfromarealcasestudy.Itisfoundthattheconsistencymaybecomeelusiveasthedeterminantsofsolutionandnoisecovariancematricesbecomezerointheiterationprocess.However,afterseveralstepsofsuchoperation,thedifferencebetweenposteriorstatisticsandthemodelprioronescanbegraduallyreduced.

简介：［1］CHEN,J.Y.,WANG,B.S.andYU,Z.Y.,1989.ProcessandevolutionarylawofcoastinChina,ShanghaiScienceandTechnologyPress,18～215.(inChinese)［2］CHEN,Y.andCHEN,L.,1998.Fractalgeometry,Beijing,SeismologicalPress,54～59.(inChinese)［3］CHENG,Y.C.,LeeP.J.andLeeT.Y.,1999.Self-similaritydimensionsoftheTaiwanislandlandscape,ComputersandGeosciences,25(9):1043～1050.［4］EditorialBoard,1992.TheatlasofSatelliteimagesofChina,Beijing,SciencePress,1～4.(inChinese)［5］FENG,J.L.andZHENG,L.,1997.Analysisofthegeologicalsignificanceoffractaldimensionofcoastline,Marinegeologyandquaternarygeology,17(1):45～51.(inChinese)［6］JIANG,J.W.andPlotnick,R.E.,1998.FractalanalysisofthecomplexityofUnitedStatescoastlines,MathematicalGeology,30(5):535～546.［7］Mandelbrot,B.B.,1967.HowlongisthecoastlineofBritish?Statisticalself-similarityandfractionaldimension,Science,156(3775):636～638.［8］Phililps,J.D.,1986.Spatialanalysisofshorelineerosion,DelawareBay,NewJerrey,Ann.Am.Geographer,76(1):50～62.

简介：Thecoupledice-oceanmodelfortheBohaiSeaisusedforsimulatingthefreezing,melting,andvariationoficecoverandtheheatbalanceatthesea-ice,air-ice,andair-seainterfacesoftheBohaiSeaduringtheentirewinterin1998～1999and2000～2001.Thecoupledmodelisforcedbyrealtimenumericalweatherpredictionfields.TheresultsshowthatthethermodynamiceffectsofatmosphereandoceanareveryimportantfortheevolvementoficeintheBohaiSea,especiallyintheperiodoficefreezingandmelting.Oceanheatfluxplaysakeyroleinthethermodynamiccoupling.Thesimulationalsopresentsthedifferentthermodynamicfeaturesintheicecoveredregionandthemarginalicezone.Icethickness,heatbudgetattheinterface,andsurfaceseatemperature,etc.betweenthetworepresentativepointsarediscussed.

简介：TheprobabilityoffractaldeterminationofcoastaltypesbasedonGISispreliminarilydiscussedwithChinaasanexample.Finally,somesignificantconclusionsaredrawn:(1)Thefractaldimensionofcoastlineofthebedrockcoastislargerthanthatoftheplaincoastonthesamescalemap;(2)Asfarasthebedrockcoastisconcerned,thelargerfractaldimensionofcoastlineofthebedrockcoastonthesamescalemapindicatesthatthebedrockcoastisprobablynottypical;(3)Asfarastheplaincoastisconcerned,thesmallerfractaldimensionofcoastlineoftheplaincoastonthesamescalemapindicatesthatitisprobablythesiltplaincoast;(4)Thedifferentsubstantialcompositionsaffectthefractaldimensionsofcoastlinesofdifferentcoastaltypes.Ingeneral,thecoastwhichliesinthenorthoftheHangzhouBayconsistsofsandmainly,itssurfaceisflat,anditisconnectedwiththecoastalplain,itslandformisbroadshoal,itstotalchangeiscomparativelyhomogenousinthetidaldynamicprocess,andthus,therelativelysmallerfractaldimensionofcoastlineresultsfromthis.Forthebedrockcoast,thereismorebedrock,thecoastlineiscomparativelysmoothandstraight,beingaffectedbythefaultsandoceandynamicprocess,whichresultinthelargerfractaldimension.

简介：Foghasrecentlybecomeafrequenthigh-impactweatherphenomenonalongthecoastalregionsofNorthChina.Accuratefogforecastingremainschallengingduetolimitedunderstandingofthepredictabilityandmechanismoffogformationassociatedwithsynoptic-scalecirculation.Onefrequentsynopticpatternoffogformationinthisareaisassociatedwithcoldfrontpassage(cold-frontsynopticpattern,CFSP).ThispaperexploredthepredictabilityofatypicalCFSPfogeventfromtheperspectiveofanalyzingkeycharacteristicsofsynoptic-scalecirculationdeterminingfogforecastingperformanceandthepossiblemechanism.TheeventwasensembleforecastedwiththeWeatherResearchandForecastingmodel.Twogroupsofensemblememberswithgoodandbadforecastingperformancewereselectedandcomposited.Resultsshowedthatthepredictabilityofthiscasewaslargelydeterminedbythesimulatedstrengthsofthecold-frontcirculation(i.e.,troughandridgeandtheassociatedsurfacehigh).Thebad-performingmemberstendedtohaveaweakerridgebehindastrongertrough,andassociatedhigherpressureoverlandandaweakersurfacehighoverthesea,leadingtoanadverseimpactonstrengthanddirectionofsteeringflowsthatinhibitwarmmoistadvectionandenhancecolddryadvectiontransportedtothefocusregion.Associatedwiththiscolddryadvection,adversesynopticconditionsofstratificationandmoistureforfogformationwereproduced,consequentlycausingfailureoffogforecastinginthefocusregion.Thisstudyhighlightstheimportanceofaccuratesynoptic-scaleinformationforimprovedCFSPfogforecasting,andenhancesunderstandingoffogpredictabilityfromperspectiveofsynoptic-scalecirculation.

简介：联系沿海的结构的风险分析和评价最近是在沿海的保护的区域的热话题之一。在这份报纸，从三，关节的方面分别地归还多重负担，堤失败率和堤的时期连续风险预防，有关海堤高出的三个新风险分析方法被开发。导致高出的暴风雨巨浪的因素也在三个方法被考虑，是值得注意的。以便验证并且估计最新发达的方法的有效性和可靠性，确定的相互的信息被采用。借助于测试的大小写，不同优先的变量可能dividedly被选择，这能被发现，根据特殊工程申请或负担的优势的要求。基于优先的变量的选择，相关风险分析方法能成功地被用于实际工程。

简介：Animprovedabsolutecalibrationtechnologybasedonindirectmeasurementswasdevelopedthroughtwoprobativeexperiments,theperformanceofwhichwasevaluatedbyapplyingtheapproachtoinsituseasurfaceheight(SSH)attheTianhengIsland(tidalgauge)andthesatellitenadir(GPSbuoy).UsingGeoid/MSS(meanseasurface)data,whichaccountedforaconstantoffsetbetweennadirandonshoretidalgaugewaterlevels,andTMD(tidalmodeldriver),whichcanceledoutthetime-varyingoffsets,nadirSSH(seasurfaceheight)couldbeindirectlyacquiredatanonshoretidalgaugeinsteadoffromdirectoffshoreobservation.TheapproachextrapolatedtheonshoreSSHouttotheoffshorenadirwithanaccuracyof(1.88±0.20)cmandastandarddeviationof3.3cm,whichsuggestedthattheapproachpresentedwasfeasibleinabsolutealtimetercalibration/validation(Cal/Val),andtheapproachenormouslyfacilitatedtheobtainingSSHfromtheoffshorenadir.

简介：ThesynopticsituationandmesoscalestructureofanexplosiveextratropicalcycloneovertheNorthwesternPacificinMarch2007areinvestigatedthroughweatherstationobservationsanddatareanalysis.Thecycloneislocatedbeneaththepolewardsideoftheexitofa200hPajet,whichisastrongdivergentregionaloft.Atmid-level,thecycloneliesonthedownstreamsideofawell-developedtrough,whereastrongascendingmotionfrequentlyoccurs.Cross-sectionanalyseswithweatherstationdatashowthatthecyclonehasawarmandmoistcore.A'nose'ofthecoldfront,whichischaracterizedbyalow-levelprotrudingstructureintheequivalentpotentialtemperaturefield,formswhenthecyclonemovesoffshore.This'nose'structureishypothesizedtohavebeencausedbytheheatingeffectoftheKuroshioCurrent.Twolow-leveljetstreamsarealsoidentifiedonthewesternandeasternsidesofthecoldfront.Thewesternjetconveyscoldanddryairat800-900hPa.Thewindinthenorthernpartisnortheasterly,andthewindinthesouthernpartisnorthwesterly.Bycontrast,theeasternjetcarrieswarmandmoistairintothecyclonesystem,ascendingnorthwardfrom900hPato600-700hPa.Thesouthernpartisdominatedbythesoutherlywind,andthewindinthenorthernpartissouthwesterly.Theeasternandwesternjetssignificantlyincreasetheairtemperatureandmoisturecontrastinthevicinityofthecoldfront.Thisincreasecouldplayanimportantroleinimprovingtherapidcyclogenesisprocess.

简介：Thestabilityofsubmarinegeologicalstructureshasacrucialinfluenceontheconstructionofoffshoreengineeringprojectsandtheexploitationofseabedresources.Marinegeologistsshouldpossessadetailedunderstandingofcommonsubmarinegeologicalhazards.Currentmarineseismicexplorationmethodsarebasedonthemosteffectivedetectiontechnologies.Therefore,currentresearchfocusesonimprovingtheresolutionandprecisionofshallowstratumstructuredetectionmethods.Inthisarticle,thefeasibilityofshallowseismicstructureimagingisassessedbybuildingacomplexmodel,anddifferencesbetweentheseismicinterferometryimagingmethodandthetraditionalimagingmethodarediscussed.Theimagingeffectofthemodelisbetterforshallowlayersthanfordeeplayersbecausecoherentnoiseproducedbythismethodcanresultinanunsatisfactoryimagingeffectfordeeplayers.Theseismicinterferencemethodhascertainadvantagesforgeologicalstructuralimagingofshallowsubmarinestrata,whichindicatescontinuoushorizontalevents,ahighresolution,aclearfault,andanobviousstructureboundary.TheeffectsoftheactualdataappliedtotheShenhuareacanfullyillustratetheadvantagesofthemethod.Thus,thismethodhasthepotentialtoprovidenewinsightsforshallowsubmarinestrataimaginginthearea.

简介：Basinmodelinghasbecomeanimportanttoolforanalyzingsedimentarybasins.TheNorthSubbasinoftheSouthYellowSeaBasinisfilledwiththickMeso-Cenozoicterrigenousdepositsduringtheriftevolutionstage.Theaccumulationofdataandachievementsofgeologicalinvestigationsinrecentyearshaveprovidedthepreconditionsforbasinmodeling.Thenecessaryparametersandgeologicalelementsforsimulationsarecollatedandsummarized.Modelingoftectono-thermalevolutionisperformedandtherelatedtrendinheatflowisreconstructedandcalibrated.Theheatflowvaluecommencesfromanaveragelevelof61mW/m~2duringMiddleLateJurassic,risestoabout80mW/m~2fromcirca145Matocirca74Ma,andthenundergoesagradualdeclineto65mW/m~2untiltheendofOligocene.Threeevolutionaryphases,namely,theinitialriftingphase,syn-riftingphase,andpost-riftingphase,havebeenidentified.ThemodelingresultsshowthattheNorthSubbasingenerallyentersintoastageofstrongriftingduringCretaceousandundergoesrapidsubsidenceuntiltheLateCretaceous,thenfollowsbyastageofmoderateriftingduringthePaleogene.Theinputandgeneralworkflowinvolvedin3-Dmodelingareintroduced.ReconstructionofthepetroleumsystemintheNorthSubbasinrevealsthatthethresholddepthofhydrocarbongenerationislocatednearthetopofthePaleogeneFuningformation,andtheunderlyingJurassicandCretaceoussourcerockshavereachedorexceededpeakoilgenerationandhavealmostcompletedthegenerationandexpulsionofhydrocarbons.ThemaingenerationandexpulsionintheJurassicsourcerockstakeplaceduringthesyn-riftingandpost-riftingphases,whereasthepeakgenerationandexpulsionintheCretaceousandPaleogenesourcerockstakeplaceduringthepost-riftingphase.Althoughthestudyareaisstillarelativelylessexploredsedimentarybasin,theresultsofmodelingcanprovidevaluableinformationforexploration.Apreliminarydiscussionofthemainuncertaintyfactor

简介：在山东省的沿海的集水，水缺乏由于盐水的侵入被加重，减少可得到的水资源的可用性。如此的一种状况要求持续综合水资源管理(IWRM)。为IWRM的目的和实现的想法在这篇论文被解释。在现在的学习的计划工程disscussed的一般目的是在欧洲水FrameworkDirective的上下文在水资源管理和更新的开发召集德国传统的专家知识；研究努力试图在山东省的肋骨的区域减轻绝望的水缺乏状况。