简介：AstragaliRadix(AR)isoneofthemostpopularherbalmedicinesintraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM).WildARisbelievedtobeofhighquality,andsubstitutionwithcultivatedARisfrequentlyencounteredinthemarket.Inthepresentstudy,twotypesofARs(wildandcultivated)fromAstragalusmembranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.andA.membranaceusvar.mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao,growingindifferentregionsofChina,wereanalyzedbyNMRprofilingcoupledwithmultivariateanalysis.Resultsshowedthatbothcouldbedifferentiatedsuccessfullyandcultivationpatternsorgrowingyearsmighthavegreaterimpactonthemetabolitecompositionsthanthevariety;themetabolitesresponsiblefortheseparationwereidentified.Inaddition,threeextractionmethodswerecomparedandthemethod(M1)wasusedforfurtheranalysis.InM1,theextractionsolventcomposedofwater,methanol,andchloroformintheratioof1:1:2wasusedtoobtaintheaqueousmethanol(upperlayer)andchloroform(lowerlayer)fractions,respectively,showingthebestseparation.Thedifferentialmetabolitesamongdifferentmethodswerealsorevealed.Moreover,thesucrose/glucoseratiocouldbeusedasasimpleindextodifferentiatewildandcultivatedAR.Meanwhile,thechangesofcorrelationpatternamongthedifferentialmetabolitesofthetwovarietieswerefound.TheworkdemonstratedthatNMR-basednon-targetedprofilingapproach,combinedwithmultivariatestatisticalanalysis,canbeusedasapowerfultoolfordifferentiatingARofdifferentcultivationtypesorgrowingyears.

简介：目的Aeglemarmelos是属于Rutacae家庭的药用的植物。A的水果。在成熟的每个阶段的marmelos被用作ethnomedicine治好各种各样的疾病。现在的学习的目的是决定贡献A的药用的价值的部件。在成熟的不同阶段的marmelos水果。方法高效的液体层析(HPLC)被用来在A决定多酚，维生素，器官的酸和糖。在成熟的不同阶段的marmelos水果。结果丹宁，为负责的多酚收敛并且A的抗菌剂性质。marmelos水果被发现在成熟期间增加。核黄素，一个重要药用的部件仅仅在完整成熟的A在可追踪的数量被检测。marmelos水果。核黄素向身体生长，复制和红房间生产作出贡献。在阻止有用的维生素酸(维生素C)的内容卑鄙当水果成熟，显著地减少了。结论在A的药用的效果的差别。在成熟的每个阶段的marmelos水果可能由于多酚，维生素和器官的酸的不同数量的存在。

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简介：AconitiLateralisRadixPraeparata(Fuzi)isacommonlyusedtraditionalChinesemedicineinclinicforitspotencyinrestoringyangandrescuingfromcollapse.Aconitialkaloids,mainlyincludingmonoester-diterpenoidaconitines(MDAs)anddiester-diterpenoidaconitines(DDAs),areconsideredtoactasbothbioactiveandtoxicconstituents.Inthepresentstudy,afeasible,economical,andaccurateHPLCmethodforsimultaneousdeterminationofsixalkaloidmarkersusingtheSingleStandardforDeterminationofMulti-Components(SSDMC)methodwasdevelopedandfullyvalidated.Benzoylmesaconinewasusedastheuniquereferencestandard.Thismethodwasprovenasaccurate(recoveryvaryingbetween97.5%-101.8%,RSD<3%),precise(RSD0.63%-2.05%),andlinear(R>0.9999)overtheconcentrationranges,andsubsequentlyappliedtoquantitativeevaluationof62batchesofsamples,amongwhich45batcheswerefromgoodmanufacturingpractice(GMP)facilitiesand17batchesfromthedrugmarket.Thecontentswerethenanalyzedbyprincipalcomponentanalysis(PCA)andhomogeneitytest.ThepresentstudyprovidedvaluableinformationforimprovingthequalitystandardofAconitiLateralisRadixPraeparata.ThedevelopedmethodalsohasthepotentialinanalysisofotherAconitumspecies,suchasAconitumcarmichaelii(preparedparentroot)andAconitumkusnezoffii(preparedroot).

简介：AristolochiaeFructus,aChineseherbalmedicinederivedfromthefruitofAristolochiacontortaBge.,containsnephrotoxicaristolochicacidanalogues(AAAs).Accordingtoancientmedicaltexts,variousmedicinalpartsofthefruitofA.contortawereeverused.Inordertorevealwhichpartcouldbesafelyandeffectivelyused,itisnecessarytoanalyzethechemicalprofilesofdifferentmedicinalparts.HereinwecomparedthechemicalcompositionsanddeterminedaristolochicacidI(AA-I)andaristolochicacidII(AA-II)inthefourpartsviz.outerpericarp,innerpericarp,septum,andseed.Ultra-highperformanceliquidchromatographyequippedwithquadrupoletime-of-flightmassspectrometry(UHPLC-QTOF-MS)wasappliedforchemicalprofiling.Ultra-highperformanceliquidcoupledwithtriplequadrupolemassspectrometry(UHPLC-QqQ-MS)wasemployedtoquantifyAA-IandAA-IIindifferentparts.Itwasfoundthatthechemicalcompositionsofthefourpartsvariedbothqualitativelyandquantitatively.Atotalof10AAAs,including5aristolochicacidsand5aristolactams,togetherwith3alkaloids,wereunambiguouslyortentativelyidentifiedbyUHPLC-QTOF-MS.ThequantitativelyanalyticalresultsobtainedbyUHPLC-QqQ-MSshowedthatAA-IandAA-IIexclusivelyaccumulateintheseedsofA.contorta.Thesefindingsprovidesupportingdatafortherationalselectionofmedicinalparts.

简介：目的:考察长期用药在血脑屏障上是否引起耐药性及P-糖蛋白(P-gp)表达增强.方法:原代牛脑微血管内皮细胞(BCEC)加入环孢素A(CsA),长春新碱(VCR),阿霉素(Dox),或粉防己碱(Tet),初始剂量分别为0.0083,0.091,0.34,或0.32μmol/L,培养至传代剂量翻倍.连续作用21,37,51或69d后,用罗丹明123(Rh123)检测P-gp功能.将各药物诱导69天的BCEC制膜,用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定P-gp表达.结果:Dox用药37d使胞内Rh123浓度降低38%.连续给药51和69d后,Dox分别使胞内Rh123浓度降低47%和57%,VCR组分别降低36%和40%.而CsA和Tet组一直未见明显变化.维拉帕米(10μmol/L)分别使CsA、Tet、Dox和VCR诱导组BCEC内Rh123的摄取增加92%、85%、143%和186%.Dox和VCR连续用药69d使P-gp的表达增强45%和32%.结论:长期使用Dox或VCR可在血脑屏障上诱导P-gp介导的耐药性以及P-gp表达增强.

简介：免疫细胞化学技术和Westernblot分析证实MCF7adr细胞P-糖蛋白(PGP)过量表达，而MCF7细胞无PGP表达。1：60R1(复方R1)和1：90R1处理细胞2小时、3小时均使MCF7adr细胞PGP表达下降，并且与药物作用时间和浓度有关。Northernblot分析示MCFT7adr细胞mdr2mRNA高表达，而MCFT细胞无表达。1：60R1、1：90R1处理2小时或3小时均使MCF7adr细胞mdr1RNA表达降低，且随着时间的延长而更加明显。浓度(1：60R1,1：90R1)改变对耐药细胞mdr1mRNA表达下降的影响程度无明显差异。结果提示R1的逆转作用机理之一可能与其从蛋白质和mRNA水平使耐药细胞PGP表达下降，从而增加细胞内药物聚集量和抗癌药细胞毒性有关。

简介：目的：通过比较两种肥大细胞模型RBL-2H3和P815细胞激活后脱颗粒反应的差异,寻找早期、稳定、敏感的肥大细胞脱颗粒体外检测模型,为进一步建立基于细胞水平的过敏原和抗过敏药物的体外筛选模型提供一定的参考。方法：10μg·mL^-1C48/80激活细胞15-60min,比色法检测组胺、β-氨基己糖苷酶及类胰蛋白酶等过敏介质的释放,中性红染色法进行形态学观察,流式细胞法检测AnnexinV阳性细胞率。结果：C48/80刺激P815、RBL-2H3细胞15-60min后组胺释放率均明显增加,并且相同刺激条件下,两种细胞模型的组胺释放率基本相当。C48/80刺激P815细胞15min以上,β-氨基己糖苷酶释放率、类胰蛋白酶释放率、AnnexinV阳性细胞率和中性红染色脱颗粒细胞率均明显增加;但相同浓度的C48/80需刺激RBL-2H3细胞30-45min以上,上述指标才出现显著增加。在相同的刺激条件下,P815细胞过敏介质释放率、AnnexinV阳性率和脱颗粒率均高于RBL-2H3细胞。结论：同RBL-2H3相比,在相同刺激条件下,P815细胞活化后脱颗粒时间出现更早、程度更高。提示除RBL-2H3细胞,P815细胞也可作为一种早期、稳定、敏感的肥大细胞脱颗粒体外检测模型。

简介：目的：研究清燥救肺汤对乌拉坦诱导肺癌模型鼠TGF-β1、Smad2和p38MAPK的影响。方法：选择清洁级KM小鼠,随机分为6组,即正常组、模型组、六味地黄丸4.6g/kg组、清燥救肺汤33.6g/kg、16.8g/kg、8.4g/kg组。除正常组外,其余各组小鼠腹腔注射乌拉坦800mg/kg,每周两次,连续五周,复制小鼠肺癌模型。给药与造模同时进行,1次/d,连续15周。清燥救肺汤33.6g/kg、16.8g/kg、8.4g/kg组、六味地黄丸4.6g/kg组分别给予等体积药物,正常组与模型组灌胃生理盐水。15周后,取肺脏检测。肉眼及镜下计数双肺小鼠肺肿瘤结节数,并计算小鼠肺肿瘤发生率;WesternBlot测定肺组织TGF-β1、Smad2和p38MAPK蛋白的表达;免疫组化检测肺组织TGF-β1、Smad2和p38MAPK活性的表达。结果：清燥救肺汤（8.4、16.8、33.6g/kg）均能使肺肿瘤发生率从91.7%降至58.3~75.0%,平均肿瘤结节数从5降至3,明显降低肺癌模型鼠肺组织TGF-β1、Smad2和p38MAPK蛋白的表达,并可使肺组织中TGF-β1、Smad2和p38MAPK活性的表达也显著下降。结论：清燥救肺汤可能通过抑制TGF-β1、Smad2和p38MAPK的过度表达,从而多靶点调控TGF-β1/Smad2及p38MAPK等信号通路来实现延缓肺癌的发生发展及转移。