简介：Sincethe1990s,theYellowRiverstreamhasbeentemporarilyinterruptedforseveralyears,whichaffectsthedevelopmentofsociety,theeconomyandhumanlife,limitstheeconomicpotentialofthedrainageareas,andespeciallycausesgreatharmtoregionsonthelowerreaches.Basedontheanalysisoftherelationshipbetweenthedevelopmentofsocietyandeconomyandwaterscarcity,theauthorthinksitisnecessarytooptimizeandadjusttheindustrialstructurethathasextravagantlyconsumedenormousamountsofwater,andtodevelopecologicalagriculture,industryandtourismwhicharebalancedwiththeecologicalenvironment.Finally,theauthorputsforwardseveralpiecesofadviceandcountermeasuresabouthowtobuildtheeconomicsystemsbywhichwatercanbeusedeconomically.

简介：Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,theresearchesandapplicationofwaterresourcesincludingthegaswaterhavebeenconstantlydeveloped.Throughananalysisontheflawsofthewaterrighttheory,andbyexecutingreconstructionandrenewalofthetheoryandsystemofwaterrightinmodernsociety,thewaterrightpositionofthegaswaterwillbeestab-lished,leadingtothematurityofthewholelaweffectivenessandsubstantialresultsofwaterright.

简介：Producinggoodsandservicesallneedswaterconsumption.Thewaterusedintheprocessofanagriculturalorindustrialproductiscalledthe"VirtualWater"containedinthisproduct.Throughinternationaltrade,water-scarcecountriesandregionscouldpurchasewater-intensiveproducts--especiallyfoods,fromwater-richcountriestobalancetheirwaterdeficitsandachievewatersafety.Chinaisoneofthe13mostwater-deficitcountrieswhosewatersafetyhavebeenseverelychallenged.Thispapergeneralizedtherecentglobalresearchdevelopmentandmadeabriefintroductionaboutthemethodscalculatingvirtualwatercontentinspecificproducts.Asacasestudy,wequalifiedChina'sannualvirtualwaterflowsfromyear2000to2002withtradeincrops,andendedwithsomepolicyadviceforapplicationandpracticeofvirtualwaterstrategy.

简介：Theutilizationofreclaimedwatercouldbeanefficienttooltoalleviatewaterscarcity,especiallyfordryriveraugmentation.However,itiscrucialtomonitorwaterqualitytoensuresafetytohumanhealthandtoavoidnegativeeffectsontheenvironment.ReclaimedwatersampleswerecollectedbimonthlyfromMaytoNovemberin2010inChaobaiRiver,andthephysiochemicalparametersweredetermined.Themainresultsareasfollows:Theparametersexceedingthethresholdvalueofthewaterguidelinesaremainlynutritionrelatedtonitrogenandphosphorus,whichareknowntoincreasetheriskofeutrophicationinsurfacewaters.Additionally,nitriteandnitratecanbedetrimentaltohumanhealth.ThemajorityoftheparametershaveapeakingconcentrationinMay,whereasotherseithershowsignificanttemporalvariationovertheentireperiodorremainrelativelyconstantinallfourmonths.Correlationanalysisshowsthatsomeparameters(pH,TandB)havenosignificantcorrelationwithothers,whereassignificantpositivecorrelationwasfoundforSrwithECandTDS,forCIwithTDS,forSi02withTPandforNO3-NwithTNandasignificantnegativecorrelationbetweenSO4andBa.Accordingtoprincipalcomponentanalysis,60.108%ofthetotaldataisrepresentedbydominantsolutes,andthesecondprincipalcomponentwithapercentageof31.876comprisesparametersrelatedtonitrogen.Subsequentclusteranalysisofparametersidentifiedfourgroups,whichrepresentdifferentcompositions,andsamplesinMaydifferfromothers.

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简介：Theraredepositionofwaterresourcesconflictswithitslimitlessdemand.Thisdeterminedtheexistenceofthewaterfightstransactionsystem.Theimplementationofthewaterfightstransactionsystemrequiresclarifyingthedefinitionofwaterre-sourcerightabovealldistinctly.Atpresent,itisakindofcommonrightsystemarrangementwhichneedstheChinesegovernmenttodisposeofwaterresources.Thoughaseriesofmanagementsys-temsguaranteedthegovernment'ssupplyofwaterresource,ithinderedthedevelopmentofthewatermarketseriouslyandcausedtheutilizationofwaterresourcestostayintheinefficientorlowefficientstateforalongtime.Thus,weshouldchangethegovernment'sleadingroleintheresourcedistributionandreallyrelyonthemarkettocarryonthewaterfightstradeandtransac-tion.Inthisway,thewaterrightscouldbecomeakindofprivatepropertyfightrelatively,andcirculatefreelyinthemarket.Asaresultofthis,weshouldovercomethedefectsofcommonfight,makeitsexternalperformanceinternalizedmaximallyandachievetheoptimizedwaterresourcedispositionanduseitmoreeffec-tively.

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简介：Thenaturalsupplyoflandresourcesislimited,buttheeconomicsupplymaychangealongwithsocialandeconomicdevelopment,anditssizeisdecidedbyenatureandsocialandeconomicbodyconditions.Whenthesupplyingabilityoflandresourcesthreatensthedevelopmentofsocietyandtheconflictbetweenpeopleandlandbecomestense,itforcedpeopletoim-provelandutilizationandtoincreasetheeffectivesupplyoflandresources.ThepapermadeanoverallconsiderationonthecharacteristicsoftheirrigatedfarmingandthefrailecologicalenvironmentinFuhaiCounty,AltayArea,XinjiangUigurAutonomousRegionandexploredlandarrangementplanningaswellaswaterresourceplanningandenvironmentalprotection.Thepaperevaluatednaturalresources,landutilizationandwaterresourceofthecasestudyareasandfocusedonthespatio-temporalbalancebetweentheutilizationofwaterandlandresources.Intheendthepaperafeasibleplanwasmadeoutforthelandarrangementproject.

简介：输电线路在自然灾害或人为破坏等外力干扰下,易受损坏或发生故障,致使电力系统全部或部分功能丧失。将输电线路物理脆弱性定位于＂功能失效＂,从人与环境对输电线路造成的压力、输电线路自身状态及功能失效后的响应等方面进行分析,构建输电线路物理脆弱性评估指标体系;借鉴已有评估方法,提出基于压力指数、状态指数和响应指数的评估模型;应用三角图法对输电线路进行物理脆弱性评估和分类,分析影响输电线路物理脆弱性的主要因素。以某500kV输电线路为例进行实例分析,结果表明影响该输电线路脆弱性关键因素为压力和响应。

简介：WiththerapiddevelopmentofforeigntradeinChina,industrialimportandexporthasbeenanabsolutesubjectinrecentyears.Thehugetradesurplusofimportandexporttradeofindustrialproductsbringsnotonlyhighprofits,butalsopollutioncostsaswell.Basedontheconceptofwaterpollutionfootprints(WPFs),thisstudyappliestheinput-outputmethodandcalculatespollutant-producingcoefficientsof20majorindustrialsectorsinChinaandinvestigatestheWPFscausedbytheimportandexporttradesoftheseindustrialsectors.TheresearchresultsshowthatWPFresultingfromexportsexceedsthatofimportsfrom2011to2015inChina.Thenetinflowofpollutionfootprintismainlyfrompapermills,printingandstationerymanufacturing,andtextileindustry;whereasagreatnumberofWPFsaretransferredtoothercountriesbythesesectors,suchasmetalmininganddressingindustryandoilandnaturalgasexploitationindustry.

简介：Watersavinganddevelopingwaterconservationsocietyarethetwokeystrategiesbothforwisewaterallocationandsustainableutilization.Thepaperanalysestheconnotationofwatersavingandwaterconservationsociety.Essentially,watersavingmeansfreeingupwaterfromnon-beneficialusesandprovidingittosomemoreproductiveuses.Basicprinciplesforsettingindicatorarepresentedbyprovidingefficientuseofwater,consideringsocialissuesandecologicalprotection.Anintegratedassessingwatersavingsystemaimingatmoresustainableandefficientconsumptionisgivenconsideringunbalancedsocialandeconomicdevelopmentinregionsandbasins.Thehierarchyindicatorsystemprovidesqualifiedtoolstothepracticeofwaterconservationandevaluatesthevalueforwaterconservationsocietyconstruction.

简介：为贯彻落实国务院《关于进一步加强企业安全生产工作的通知》（国发[2010]23号，以下简称《通知》）精神，相城区紧紧抓牢危化企业安全生产不放松。对危化企业实现“全员、全方位、全过程”安全监管，着力引导企业开展安全生产管理体系和标准化建设，巩固和完善基础性、长效性安全生产管理制度，严厉打击非法违法危化品生产经营行为。

简介：Waterpollutionisoneofthemajorenvironmentalproblems,especiallyinurbanareas.Duetorapidurbanexpansionandindustrialization,waterpollutioninZhengzhouCity,thecapitalofHenanProvinceincentralChinahasbecomeaseriousproblemforitsdevelopment.Inthisstudy,thesurfacewaterqualitywasevaluatedusingNemerowComprehensivePollutionIndex(NCPI),andthechangetrendwascalculatedusingmethodsofMann-KendalltestandSen’sslopeestimator,basedonthemonitoringdatafrom1998to2008.TheresultsshowthattheNCPIrangedfrom3to50in70%ofthemonitoringcases,implyingthatmostriverswereseriouslypolluted.However,thisseriouspolltuonisexpectedtobegraduallyimproved,astheconcentrationofwaterpollutantsandNCPIdeclinedsignificantlyinmostrivers.Waterpollutioninreservoirswasmuchlowerthanrivers,andtheNCPIinthethreemonitoredreservoirswaslowerthan3inmostyears,andshowsadownwardtrend.Althoughthesurfacewaterqualitywasgraduallyimproved,greateffortsarestillneededtoenhancetheprotectionandimprovementofsurfacewaterenvironment.

简介：XiliaoheRiverwatershedplaysanimportantroleinregionalandnationalgrainsecurity.Withthedevelopmentofsocietyandeconomy,waterconsumptionthatincreaseddramaticallycauseswatershortages.Cropwaterrequirementcanprovidequantitativebasisformakingregionalirrigationscheme.Inthisstudy,springmaizewaterrequirementiscalculatedbyusingPenmanMonteithformulaandspringmaizecoefficientfromMaytoSeptemberat10meteorologicalstationsinXiliaoheRiverwatershedfrom1951to2005.Thevariationtrendofthespringmaizewaterrequirementduringthewholegrowingstage,waterrequirementineverymonth,andmeteorologicalinfluencingfactorsareobtainedbyusingMann-Kendallmethod,andthedegreeofgreyincidencebetweenthewaterrequirementandmeteorologicalinfluencingfactorsareshown.TheresultsarethespringmaizewaterrequirementduringthewholegrowingstagesincreasesathalfofthestationsinXiliaoheRiverwatershed,andareremarkablyaffectedbythewaterrequirementinMay.Themonthlymean,maximumandminimumairtemperatureformMaytoSeptembershowanincreasingtrendinXiliaoheRiverwatershedinrecent55years.Themonthlymeanandminimumairtemperatureincreasesnotably.Therelativehumidity,precipitation,windspeedandsunshineshowadecreasingtrendwithvarietyfordifferentmonths.Themonthlymaximumairtemperature,windspeed,sunshineandmonthlymeanairtemperaturehavethehighestcorrelationdegreewithspringmaizewaterrequirementfromMaytoSeptember.

简介：Understandingtheconnotationandprinciplesofecologicalcompensationinwatersourcereserveareasisthebasisandguaranteeforestablishingandimprovingtheecologicalcompensationmechanismofwatersourcereserveareas.First,thispaperreviewsthethreestagesofecologicalcompensationresearchprogress.Basedonthereview,usingthetheoryofexternality,theecologicalenvironmentsystemofwatersourcereserveareasisthenanalyzed.Thispaperarguesthattheconnotationofecologicalcompensationinwatersourcereserveareasisakindofinstitutionalarrangement,whichisdesignedtointernalizeexternalities.Finally,basedontheunderstandingoftheconnotationofecologicalcompensationinwatersourcereserveareas,fiveprinciplesforestablishingandimprovingtheecologicalcompensationmechanismareproposed,includingtheprincipleoffairnessandjustice,theprincipleofequivalenceofequalityandresponsibility,theprincipleofflexibilityandeffectiveness,theprincipleof'earmarkfunds,andimplementationbylaw,'andtheprincipleofgovernmentcompensationsupplementedwithmarketcompensation.

简介：2006年1月6日上午，国务院台湾事务办公室正式公布赠台大熊猫的最终遴选结果：16号，19号熊猫为大陆赠送台湾的熊猫。

简介：AftertheKyotoProtocolwasimplemented,carbonleakageexertsgreatinfluencesoninternationaltradeandeconomy.Tradecreatesamechanismforconsumerstoshiftenvironmentalpollutionassociatedwiththeirconsumptiontoothercountries.ChinahasovertakentheU.S.astheworld'sbiggestCO2emittersince2006.AsChina'ssecondlargesttradepartner,theU.S.hasthebiggesttradedeficitwithChinawhichhasarousedalotofdisputesbetweenthetwoparties.ButsofartheassessmentsofthetradeimbalanceofChina-U.S.havepaidlittleattentiontoenvironmentalimpactsassociatedwiththetradeimbalance.Appliedaninput-outputapproach,thearticleestimatestheamountofCO2embodiedinChina-U.S.tradeduring1997-2007.ItwasfoundthatthroughtradewithChina,theU.S.reduceditsCO2emissionscomparedwithanon-tradescenario.Duetothegreatercarbon-intensityandrelativelylessefficientproductionprocessesofChineseindustry,China-U.S.traderesultedinmoreCO2emissionsinChinaandtheworld.Intheend,thearticlegivessomesuggestions:itisequalandsustainablethattheinternationalaccountingmethodologiesshouldbeimproved,forCO2emissionsresponsibilitymustbedesignedtoaccountforthedynamicnatureofinternationaltrade.

简介：<正>一、射频识别技术简介:射频识别技术(RFID,即RadioFrequencyIdentification)是从八十年代起走向成熟的一项自动识别技术。由于大规模集成电路技术的成熟,射频识别系统的体积大大缩小,因而才进入实用化的阶段。它利用射频方式进行非接触双向通信,以达到识别目的并交换数据。它和同期

简介：全球知名的以生态保护为宗旨的绿色和平组织、其船长最近又添新力军，购自原俄国的消防船（MVEsperanza），将取代老旧的“绿色和平号”，正式投入使用。2003年9月4日和5日，“希望号”抵访加拿大温哥华市，笔者闻讯赶到码头，不料却扑了一空，急询在场的绿色和平组织的义工，方得知“希望号”因前一天的抗议活动被码头管理公司下了逐客令，我和一群参观者马不停蹄地又赶到新的泊船地点，却是在温哥华的英格兰海湾中，经由小气艇驳接，终于在秋

简介：Sinceconventionalwatertreatmentisnotaffordableindevelopingcountries,lookingforlocallyavailableandalternativetreatmentoptionsismandatory.Removaloffluorideandphosphatecanbeachievedbydesigningappropriatefiltrationmediafromdifferentmaterialssuchassand,calcinedclay,pumice,scoriaandbonechar.ThisstudywasdesignedtodeterminetheremovalefficiencyoftheselocallyavailablefiltermediawithrespecttodetentiontimeandpH.Thefiltrationapparatuses(tank)werefilledseparatelywithstone,gravelwithgrainsize0.6-4.75mmand40cmdeep,sand(ES=0.15-0.35mmandUC=1.5-3),calcinedclay,pumice,scoriaandbonecharwithgrainsize0.25-0.5inch.Watersampleswerepreparedusingglassbottleswithfluorideconcentrationsof6and8mg/landphosphateconcentrationof4mg/1.Laboratoryanalysiswascarriedoutbeforeandafterfiltrationtodeterminetheremovalefficiencyofeachmedium.Itwasfoundthatthehighestremovaloffluoridewasachievedbybonechar(89.65%),followedbypumice(82.4%).However,bonecharhasratherincreasedtheconcentrationofphosphateby63.8%.Sandwasthemostefficientmediatoremovephosphate,managingtoremoveby70%.Therefore,itisanattractiveoptiontousetheselocallyavailable,environmentalfriendlyandappropriatetechnologiesforefficientremovalofbothfluorineandphosphateatthehouseholdorcommunitywatertreatmentlevel.