简介：43个米饭变化的DNA碎片被放大，11份教材基于植物的抵抗基因类似物(RGA)设计了，并且变化的强风抵抗被接种与33识别从云南省收集的Magnaporthegrisea孤立，中国。聚类结果与0.6117的一个关联系数揭示了在强风抵抗和DNA乐队之间的重要关联(α=0.01)，显示抵抗分析基于接种与那基于聚类分析的RGA-PCR与一致。关联系数，然而，从0.1701～0.535取决于教材。五份教材，S1/AS3，S1INV/S2INV，XLRRFor/XLRR加快，Pto-Kin1IN/Pto-Kin2在，和NLRRFor/NLRR加快可能被申请在他们的乐队数字和多型性的考虑的强风抵抗鉴定，和他们有强风抵抗的关联系数是0.5305，0.4898，0.4059，0.3719和0.3524分别地。而且，除了二个高度易受影响的变化，CO39和Lijiangxintuanheigu的indica和装饰用的梨树米饭，能被11份教材很好分类。

简介：

简介：

简介：Byusing304recombinantinbredlinesderivedfromindicaricecrossZhong156/Gumei2,alinkagemapconsistingof177markerlociandcovering12ricechromosomeswasconstructedandemployedformappinggenesconferringblastresistanceinrice.GenomiclocationofgenePi25(t)conferringneckblastresistancetotheChineseisolate92-183(raceZC15)wasverifiedtobelocatedbetweenmarkersA7andRG456onchromosome6,withgeneticdistancesof1.7cMand1.5cMtoA7andRG456,respectively.LeafblastresistanceofGumei2tothePhilippineisolateCa89(lineage4)wasfoundtobecontrolledbyasinglegene.ThegenetentativelydesignatedasPi26(t)waslocatedbetweenmakersB10andR674onchromosome6,withgeneticdistancesof5.7cMand25.8cMtoB10andR674respectively.ResistantallelesatbothgenelociwerederivedfromGumei2,indicatinganexistenceofresistancegeneclusterinGumei2.

简介：到鞘老家(SB)的瑞斯抵抗被多基因或量的特点loci(QTL)控制并且由植物影响了词法特点。qSB-9TQ和TAC1分别地，控制SB抵抗和tiller角度(TA)的TQ,被采用测试二基因的联合是否将进一步改进米饭SB抵抗和还原剂收益损失而非仅仅他们或两个都不之一。用二根近的isogenic线(无)，TAC1TQ被证实贡献SB抵抗。然而，它的效果不比qSB-9TQ。随后，二基因被介绍进二个商业米饭变化开发一系列无。带两TAC1TQ和qSB-9TQ比仅仅包含他们之一的无显示出更多的抵抗。每植物比较谷物收益(欺骗)在三个不同SB疾病条件下面，也就是细微、中等、严重的条件，带显然失去的两基因的无降低没有带仅仅TAC1TQ。在细微疾病状况下面，没有重要差别在形态学上被发现，开发并且欺骗除了在带他们的基因和任何一个的无之间的TA联系了特点，显示二基因没在米饭上有劣等的效果农学的特点。结果显示了那TAC1TQ和qSB-9TQ有高繁殖的潜力，和节节上升的SB抵抗QTL和词法特点QTL是在改进米饭SB抵抗的一条潜在的途径。

简介：138米饭就职为抵抗被屏蔽到小棕色的植物hopper(SBPH)(Laodelphaxstriatellus掉落)由屏蔽测试的修改种子箱。有抵抗toSBPH的不同层次的25米饭就职被检测，为18.1%全部的就职的财务，它包括了2高度抵抗，9抵抗并且14中等抗性品种。与indica米饭相比，装饰用的梨树米饭更产生SBPH。Antixenosis测试，抗生现象测试和相关分析被执行阐明抗性机制。抵抗检查RathuHeenati(RHT)，高度，抗性品种Mudgo和Kasalath，和抗性品种IR36对SBPH表示了强壮的antixenosis和抗生现象，在四个米饭变化显示在抵抗水平和这二抗性机制之间的靠近的关系。抗生现象由于他们的高抗生现象是在抗性品种Daorenqiao和Yangmaogu的主导的抵抗模式但是低antixenosis。Dular，ASD7和Milyang23有相对强壮的antixenosis和抗生现象，显示二抗性机制在这三个变化是重要的。表示的抵抗DV85antixenosis相对高级却低抗生现象而授与的Zhaiyeqing8和Guiyigu仅仅节制抗生现象和antixenosis到SBPH，在这三个变化建议忍耐。抗生现象和antixenosis在9311.Antixenosis是的中等抵抗的就职管理了抵抗到SBPH在V20A的主要抵抗类型。忍耐被认为由于他们的差的抗生现象和antixenosis抵抗是在Minghui63和Yangjing9538的重要抗性机制。有强壮的抗生现象或antixenosis的上述就职是为繁殖的抵抗的理想的材料。

简介：

简介：BlocksofMosobamboowereusedasexperimentalmaterialstotestthetoxicityofCuAzpreservativeondecayfungibythelabtestinthispaper.Theresultshowedthatthenaturaldecayresistanceof4-year-oldMaobambooismoderate,andtheresistancetobrownfungiisstrongerthanthattowhitefungi.Theanti-fungipropertiesofCuAzpreservativeattheretentionof3.3kg/m3areequaltothoseofCCA-CandACQ-Battheretentionofabout4.0kg/m3,andobviouslysuperiortothoseoforganicacidspr...

简介：Ectomycorrhizae(ECM)isbecomingtheresearchhotspotbecauseitcanimproveplantnutrientcyclingandstorageandstrengthenplantresistancetoadversityanddisease.ItiswellknownthatECMcanenhanceplantresistancetosoil-borneandstemdiseases.Themechanismsmainlyinclude:planttenderrootswillbeprotectedwellbysheath;ECMcanfacilitateuptakeandtransportcapacityofnutritionandwatertorootsandincreaseplantsvigor;ECMcancontrolorblockpathogenstoinvadetrees;ECMcanactivateresistance-relatedenzymesofthehosts;italsocanformrhizospheremicrobialcolonyandestablishroot-rhizospheremicro-ecologicalenvironment.Somycorrhizaltechnologyhasbecomeoneofthemostimportantmethodsofecologicalcontrolandbiologicalcontrolofplantdiseases.ThispapersummarizestheapplicationanddevelopmentofECMinforestdiseasecontrolandalsoraisessomeideasontheirtheoryandapplicationresearchesinthefuture.

简介：自从1980年代，为抵抗繁殖到细菌的老家的米饭很快在中国一直在进行。基因Xa4主要在三线的indica混血儿和较普通活字大一倍的混合米饭被使用。疾病是‘quiet'在中国的20年了，然而，在最近的年里，它逐渐地出现了并且在在Changjiang河山谷与最新释放的米饭变化种的地里是流行的。在这种情况下，科学家们不可避免地提出了几个问题：什么并且什么引起苏醒我们应该下次做？或抵抗仍然在米饭正在引起主要目的之一改进？我们在抵抗上采取哪个途径繁殖以便抵抗将是更持久的，并且抵抗基因将更高效地被使用？包含传统的方法，分子的帮助标记的选择，和转基因的技术的联合策略应该把一个新时代带到引起节目的细菌的老家抵抗混血儿米饭。这评论简短也在与拓宽抵抗基因的细菌的老家抵抗，和合适的利用有关的问题上讨论并且商讨，可得到的抵抗基因的交替的种；并且甚至在亚洲在中国理解细菌的病原体的剧毒的人口。

简介：

简介：抗菌剂肽是有抗菌剂活动的多肽。从中国虾(FenneropenaeusChinensis)的抗菌剂肽基因Np3和Np5集成于OryzasativaL。subsp。装饰用的梨树cv。由Agrobacterium的Aichiashahi调停了转变系统。PCR分析证明Np3和Np5的积极比率分别地在T0产生是36%和45%。RT-PCR分析证明抗菌剂肽基因在T1产生被表示，并且在转基因的植物和非转基因的植物之间的农学的特点地没有明显的差别。四Np3和Np5在T1产生的转基因的线与Xanthomonasoryzaepv被接种。oryzae紧张CR4，和所有四根转基因的线显著地提高了抵抗到紧张CR4引起的细菌的老家。Np5转基因的线也显示出更高的抵抗到紧张JS97-2，Zhe173和OS-225引起的细菌的老家。有Np5基因力量的转基因的线拥有宽广光谱抵抗到米饭，这被建议细菌的老家。

简介：PyriculariaoryzaeanamorphofMagnaportheoryzaeisoneofthemostnotoriousfungalpathogenscausingsevereeconomiclossinriceproductionworldwide.Variousmethods,viz.cultural,biologicalandmolecularapproaches,areutilizedtocounteractthispathogen.Moreover,sometolerantorresistantricevarietieshavebeendevelopedwiththehelpofbreedingprogrammes.Isolationandmolecularcharacterizationofdifferentblastresistancegenesnowopenthegatefornewpossibilitiestoelucidatetheactualallelicvariantsofthesegenesviavariousmolecularbreedingandtransgenicapproaches.However,thebehavioralpatternofthisfungusbreakupstheresistancebarriersintheresistantortolerantricevarieties.Thishost-pathogenbarrierwillbepossiblycounteredinfutureresearchbycomparativegenomicsdatafromavailablegenomesequencedataofriceandM.oryzaefordurableresistance.Presentreviewemphasizedfascinatingrecentupdates,newmolecularbreedingapproaches,transgenicandgenomicsapproaches(i.e.miRNAandgenomeediting)forthemanagementofblastdiseaseinrice.Theupdatedinformationwillbehelpfulforthedurable,resistancebreedingprogrammeinriceagainstblastpathogen.

简介：Multi-functionaldendrometerisakindofforestrytoolthatcanmeasuremultiplefactorsofforest.Bycombiningsensortechnologyandcomputertechnology,adigitalmulti-functiondendrometerhasbeendeveloped,whichintegratedthefunctionsofmeasuringheight,distance,azimuth,slope,elevation,formquotientofanypartsofthestemintoonebodyatthesametest.Thedendrometercanfitthecomplexforestenvironment,solvethedifficultproblemsinaspectsofplantheight,measuredistance,centraldiameterandformquotientofbreastheight.Theaccuracycanmeettherequirementsofgeneralforestsurvey.

简介：

简介：InvitrodetectionmethodforthesensitivityofMagnaporthegriseatotricyclazolewasstudied,andthepotentialresistanceriskofblastdiseasetotricyclazolewasassessed.BothEC50ofhyphalmelanization(EC50-H)andminimuminhibitiveconcentrationofmelanizationinappressorial(MIC-A)byinhibitortricyclazoleshowedpositivecorrelationtotheEC50oftricyclazoleagainstblastdiseasetestedinvivo,withrelativeco-efficiency(R2)of0.8995and0.8244,respectively.However,stabilityandreproducibilityofEC50-HwerebetterthanthoseofMIC-A,suggestingthatitcouldbeusedtodetectthesensitivityofM.griseatotricyclazoleinvitro.TricyclazolesensitivityoftheprogeniesderivedfromsinglesporesofthemostsensitiveisolateDY2andtheleastsensitiveisolateGY6detectedinsensitivitymonitoringin2000wasnotstable,withmeanEC50valuesof4.4968μg/mLand5.4010μg/mL,respectively,indicatingthatthedifferenceinEC50betweenDY2andGY6wasnotcausedprobablybyresistancevariation.EC50ofGY6didnotincreasesignificantlywhencontinuouslyselectedfortwentygenerationsundertheselectionpressureoftricyclazoleinvivo.However,thesensitivityofDY2wasdecreasedby10-foldafterselectedfortwentygenerations.TheresultssuggestedthattricyclazolewasstilllowresistanceriskforM.griseainChina.

简介：Theexperimentwascarriedouttoassessthereactionofdifferentcategoriesofricegenotypesviz.,resistant,susceptible,hybrid,scented,popularandwildinresponsetotheinfestationbyriceleaffolder(RLF),Cnaphalocrocismedinalis(Guenee)andtoexplorethepossibleuseofthesegenotypesindevelopingRLF-resistantricevarieties.Thechangesofvariousbiochemicalconstituentssuchasleafsolubleprotein,phenol,ortho-dihydroxyphenol,tanninandenzymesviz.,peroxidase,phenylalanineammonialyase(PAL)wereassessedspectrophotometricallyinallthericegenotypesbeforeandafterRLFinfestation.Theproteinprofilewasanalyzedusingsodiumdodecylsulphate-polyacrylamidegelelectrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)method.Asignificantconstituentofbiochemicalcontentsuchastannin,phenolandortho-dihydroxyphenolhasbeenincreasedalongwithenzymeactivitiesofperoxidaseandPALintheinfestedresistant(Ptb33,TKM6andLFR831311)andwildricegenotypes(OryzaminutaandO.rhizomatis).Adecreaseinleafproteincontentwasevidentinvariablyinalltheinfestedricegenotypes.Itisalsoevidentthatthecontentsofbiochemicalssuchasphenol,orthodihydroxyphenolandtanninwerenegativelycorrelatedwithleaffolderdamage.However,leafproteincontentwaspositivelycorrelatedwiththedamagebyriceleaffolder.SDS-PAGEanalysisfortotalproteinprofilingofhealthyandC.medinalis-infestedgenotypesrevealedtheenhancedexpressionofahighmolecularweight(>97kDa)proteininallthegenotypes.Besides,therewasalsoanincreasedinductionofa38kDaproteininC.medinalisinfestedresistantgenotypes,whichwasabsentinuninfestedplants.ThepresentinvestigationprovedthattheelevatedlevelsofbiochemicalsandenzymesmayplayavitalroleinriceplantsresistancetoRLF.

简介：蛋白质的表示得到或从Magnaporthe，在在米饭(OryzasativaL)激活抵抗的griesea和它的生物功能被报导。基因ofelicitor在Escherichia关口i房间被表示并且在SDS页上与42kDapparent分子量生产了His_6熔化蛋白质。净化的蛋白质能分别地导致抵抗到强风疾病，与在在强风接种以后的第14天和第21天的46.47%和36.41%的控制效率。同时，在有表示蛋白质，phenylalanineammonia-lyase(PAL)和过氧化物酶(邮政部门)的处理以后，活动在米饭植物被支持STKM，一度时髦的风尚，PBZ1和PR1基因的抄写层次在米饭植物被增加。而且在在二维的电气泳动胶化上比较全部的米饭叶蛋白质的侧面以后，大约14proteins被发现在表示蛋白质处理以后在表示水平被增加。Allthe结果显示表示蛋白质能是行动一elicit或在米饭触发抵抗。

简介：Thispaperproposesanautomaticmethodofporecombinationrecognition,whichisanimportantfeaturetohardwoodrecognition.Afterextractingedgefromwoodmicroscopiccross-section,basedonareahistogramofthesimilarcircleregions,themethodclassifiesallregionsintotwoclasseswithmaximumbetween-classvariance,soastodistinguishtheporefromothertextures,whicharesimilarinshapesbutdifferentinsizes.Meanwhile,secondobjectivefunctionaboutaverageareaofclosedregionsisusedtoimprovetheporesegmentationperformance.Atlast,themethodusesadjacencydegreeofporesettojudgeporecombination.Theexperimentsdemonstratethatthetaskofporesegmentationcanbecompletedsuccessfullyforallkindsofporedistributionandcombination,andalsothecorrectcombinationsofporesaregiven.

简介：到怀有基因Pi-d2从pCB6.3kb，pCB5.3kb和pZH01-2.72kb的三不同表示向量转变了的米饭强风抵抗的转基因的米饭线的米饭强风的抵抗被分析。有Pi-d2基因的九根先进产生的转基因的米饭线显示了各种各样的抵抗到39米饭强风紧张，并且最高疾病抵抗的频率到达了91.7%。有Pi-d2基因的四根早产生的同型结合的转基因的线展出了抵抗到58米饭强风紧张中的超过81.5%个，显示出宽光谱的抵抗的特征。当在文化媒介的粗略的毒素的集中增加了，米饭强风真菌的粗略的毒素选择的转基因的胚胎的calli证明从转基因的米饭植物的不成熟的胚胎的胼胝正式就职率减少了。当粗略的毒素的集中到达了40%时，从转基因的线的不成熟的胚胎的胼胝正式就职率是49.3%，并且受体控制的是5%。在正式就职下面的地里的转基因的大米线的颈强风的疾病发生是0%～50%，显示转基因的大米线的大米强风抵抗比受体控制的高得多。