简介：Brownplanthopper(BPH)isaninsectspeciesthatfeedsonthevascularsystemofriceplants.ToexaminethedefencemechanismofriceplantsagainstBPH,thepathogenesis-relatedgenes(PR1a,PR2,PR3,PR4,PR6,PR9,PR10a,PR13,PR15andPRpha),signalingmoleculesynthesisgenes(AOS,AXR,ACOandLOX),antioxidant-relatedgenes(CAT,TRX,GSTandSOD)andligninbiosynthesis-relatedgenes(CHS,CHIandC4H)wereinvestigatedinaresistantricevariety.AOS,PR6,PR9andPR15genesshowedsignificantlyincreasedrelativeexpressionlevelsat24.38-,19.17-,14.71-,and12.74-foldcomparedtothecontrol.Moderateincreasedrelativeexpressionlevelsofligninbiosynthesis-relatedgene(C4H),pathogenesis-relatedgenes(PR4,PR10aandPRpha),andantioxidant-relatedgene(GST)werefound,whileCHI,LOX,SOD,TRX1andAXRshoweddecreasedrelativeexpressionlevels.Itwasthusclearlyshownthatwound-inducedresponsegeneswereactivatedinriceplantsafterBPHattacksthroughAOSactivation.JasmonicacidsignalingmoleculemayactivatePR6,PR15,GSTandCATsubsequentlyincreasingtheirexpressionforH2O2detoxification.PR6wereexpressedatthehighestrelativelevelamongthePRgenes.ThesegenesthereforehavealsoaconsiderablesynergisticrolewiththeothergenesagainstBPHbyinterferedtheirdigestiontractsystem.

简介：Outof1989wildaccessionssowninseedboxesforscreening,only1003wildaccessionswithgoodgerminationwerescreenedagainstbrownplanthopper(BPH),Nilaparvatalugens(St?l)undergreenhouseconditions.Thecollectioncomprisedofaccessionsfrom11wildspeciesandAfricancultivatedrice.ThegermplasmwasscreenedforBPHfollowingstandardseedboxscreeningtechniqueinthegreenhouse.Asmanyas159accessionswereidentifiedasresistantduringtheyear2012basedononeyearscreening.AselectedsetofBPHresistantaccessionswerescreenedagainduring2013.Basedonthetwoyearsscreening,sevenaccessionsofO.nivara(AA),oneaccessionofO.officinalis(CC),sevenaccessionsofO.australiensis(EE),fiveaccessionsofO.punctata(BBandBBCC)andnineaccessionsofO.latifolia(CCDD)wereconfirmedtoberesistanttoBPH.SofarnoBPHresistancegeneshavebeenidentifiedanddesignatedfromO.nivaraandO.punctata,hencethesemayactasnewsourcesofresistance.

简介：Fieldperformanceofwhitebackedplanthopper(WBPH)-resistanceoffourphenotypeswasevaluatedinChunjiang06(CJ-06)/TN1DHricelines,whichwereexpressedbydifferentcombinationsofsuckinginhibitoryandovicidaltraitsinheritedindependentlyfromCJ-06.WBPHestablishedthehighestpopulationsinsusceptibleDHlinesthathadneithersuckinginhibitory-norovicidalresistance.Bothimmigrationandsubsequentpopulationlevelswerekeptbelowthedamage-causingdensityinthesuckinginhibitoryDHlinesevenunderaWBPHoutbreak.WBPHcouldnotbuilduppopulationsintheDHlineshavingboththesuckinginhibitoryandovicidalresistance.AlthoughWBPHimmigratedpreferentiallytonon-suckinginhibitoryDHlineswithovicidalresistance,subsequentpopulationbuildupwassignificantlysuppressed.ItwasconcludedthatthedifferentialperformancetoWBPH-resistanceinCJ-06/TN1DHlineswasprimarilyduetothesuckinginhibitorytrait,andcomplementarilytotheovicidaltrait.

简介：TheinteractionbetweenricehostanditspathogenXanthomonasoryzaepv.oryzae(Xoo)atcellularlevelwasstudiedbyusingaresistantsomaclonalmutantHX-3anditssusceptabledonorMinghui63.AfterinoculationwithXoostrainZhe173(Chinesepathotype|\).theactivityofsuperoxidedismutase(SOD)andperoxidase(POD)inthecallusofMinghui63wasincreaseddramatically,andtheactiveoxygen(O2^-)wasproducedatahigherrate;Meanwhile,thecallusgrewslowlywiththereductionofproteincontent.ComparedtotheactivityofSODandPOD.theproductionrateofO2^-andthefreshweightinHX-3callusvariedlittleaftertheinoculation.ItcouldbeproposedthatthereweregreatdifferencesbetweentheresistanceofHX-3andMighui63atcellularlevel.TherewasnodifferencedetectedconcerningresistancetobacterialleafblightinHX-3betweentheplantandthecallus.

简介：到在米饭germplasm91-1A2的米饭胆量小蚊的抵抗被识别并且遗传上分析了。米饭人口的F1s从作为一个男父母与米饭材料Jinggui，TN1，W1263(Gm1)，IET2911(Gm2)，BG404-1(gm3)，OB677(Gm4)，ARC5984(Gm5)和Duokang1(Gm6)交叉的91-1A2被导出。到米饭胆量小蚊的所有父母线和F1，BC1F1和F2人口的抵抗被识别。结果证明91-1A2和所有F1s对中国米饭胆量小蚊遗传因子型IV抵抗。到在BC1F1和F2的易受影响的抵抗植物的分离比率被X2测试与1:3和9:7规则给予，建议到中国米饭胆量小蚊遗传因子型IV的91-1A2的抵抗被是新抵抗基因的二主导的基因控制，对已知的米饭胆量小蚊抵抗基因非突变而产生之遗传因子。

简介：MetropolitanManila,thecapitalregionofthePhilippines,initiatedurbanforestryprojectstoshowcaseitsenvironmentalbenefits.MetroManilawasonceapartofatropicalmangroveforestdominatedbysmalltreeslocallycallednilad(Scyphiphorahydrophyllaceae).Thefast-pacedurbanizationtransformedtheoriginalecosystemintoabustlingmetropolissubjectedtoenvironmentaldecay.Theestablishmentofurbanforestryisoneoftheinterventionssoughtbythegovernmenttomitigatetheenvironmentalconditions.Thus,theconceptofparticipatoryurbanforestrywasformalizedin1988bythenationalgovernment.However,itwasduringtheearlyyearsofthe1970sthattheideaofexertingcollectiveeffortingreeningMetroManilastartedthroughtheGreenRevolution,withtheprimarymotiveofupliftingtheeconomicconditionofthepeopleratherthanonecologicalenhancement.Theprojectwasforcedonthepeopletoplantvegetablesandfruittreeswithlessemphasisonforesttreesspecies.Althoughtheprojectwasnotsuccessful,thegovernmentrealizedthatthecitizenrycouldbeagreatpartnerforacollectiveworthwhileundertaking.

简介：BasedonthepreviousstudyoncultivationnutritionofCunninghamialanceolataplantationsoffirstgeneration,thecultivationnutritionofC.lanceolataplantationswithmulti-generationwasstudied.Theresultsshowthattherearesignificantdifferencesinthegrowth,developmentandnutrientassimilationamongC.lanceolataplantationswithdifferentgenerationsandnutritionconditions.ThesedifferencesarecloselyrelatedtothelandfertilitydeclineofC.lanceolataplantations.Thispaperde...

简介：Informationonricephenologyisessentialforyieldestimationandcropmanagement.Totesttheabilityofremotesensingindetectingmultiplephenologicalstages,paddyricecanopyspectrumwasmeasuredbyahand-heldradiometer.Normalizeddifferencevegetationindex(NDVI)wascalculatedfromspectrum,andtheslopeofNDVIwasobtainedasitsdifference.WeevaluatedtheresponseofNDVIanditsslopetoricegrowthwithacomparisonoftwolate-seasonricecultivars.TheresultsshowedthatNDVIanditsslopecurveshaddistinctvariationcorrespondingtoricedevelopmentandtheycouldbeusedascultivar-independentphenologicalindicators.Thedatesoffloodingandtransplanting,tillering,panicledevelopment,headingandflowering,maturity,harveststages,andevenfieldmanagementpractices,couldbededucedfromtheseindicators.‘NDVI≤0'couldbeusedasasinglethresholdforthedetectionoffloodingandtransplanting.ThelargestspikeinthecurveoftheNDVIslopeindicatedthedurationoftilleringstage.Thenextspikecorrespondedtopanicledevelopment.TheheadingandfloweringstagewascharacterizedbythemaximumNDVIandthechangeofNDVIslopefrompositivetonegative.Atthematuritystage,NDVIdecreasedcontinuously,anditsslopefluctuatedjustbelowzero.Whenricegrainswerecompletelymatureandreadyforharvest,NDVIdeclinewasaccelerated.Atharvest,NDVIslopereacheditsminimumvalue.Thedistinctionbetweenheadingandmaturitystageswasobscure,mostlikelyduetoNDVIsaturationathighbiomass.Thestudymightprovidereferencesforpaddyricephenologydeterminationthroughremotesensingimages.

简介：在米饭ASD7的植物的四个部件的内容变化，IR36(对棕色的植物hopper抵抗)并且TN1(产生棕色的植物hopper)，并且他们对到褐的米饭抵抗的影响种hopper(BPH，Nilaparvata拉ens)被调查。到在不同植物年龄的BPH遗传因子型Ⅱ的米饭的抵抗差异主要被归因于第二等的混合物的内容可变性。在叶鞘的内容作为与米饭植物的另外的部分相比最低。它可能解释BPH为从化学观点在叶鞘一共上喂有偏爱的原因。

简介：基于模拟FZ14从Zizanialatifolia(Griseb)导出的抵抗基因的顺序，一双特定的PCR教材FZ14P1/FZ14P2被设计孤立候选人疾病抵抗基因。pooled-PCR途径用教材对被采用屏蔽转变能干的人工的染色体(TAC)图书馆从Z导出的genomic。latifolia。积极TAC克隆(ZR1)被顺序分析获得并且证实。结果显示ZR1由类似的保存主题组成了，建议它能是kinase3a和GLPL(Gly-Leu-Pro-Leu)抵抗打的NBS-LRR的部分P环(kinase1a)，kinase2，基因。用Nipponbare成熟胚胎的调停Agrobacterium的转变，48独立转基因的T0植物的一个总数被获得。在他们之中，36植物对剧毒的细菌的老家紧张PXO71高度抵抗。结果显示ZR1包含至少一功能的细菌的老家抵抗基因。

简介：Anewdoubledhaploid(DH)ricepopulationwasestablishedfromacrossbetweenWBPH-resistantjaponicaChunjiang06(CJ-06)andsusceptibleindicaTN1.SuckinginhibitoryandovicidalresistanceoftheDHricelineswereevaluatedonthebasisofnon-preferenceresponseofWBPHimmigrantsandhoneydewexcretionbyWBPHfemales,andappearanceofwaterylesionsinthenecroticdiscolorationofleafsheathsovipositiedbyWBPH,respectively.BoththemajorgeneresistancetoWBPH,suckinginhibitoryandovicidalresistance,showed1(resistant):1(susceptible)segregationratiointheDHpopulation.RelativedensityofWBPHpopulationsanddamagescoresintheDHpopulationindicatedcombinedfunctionsofboththemajorresistancegenesaswellasQTLsaffectingthehostplantresponsetoWBPHinfestations.Thus,thenewlydevelopedCJ-06/-I-N1DHpopulationcouldbeausefulmaterialtoanalyzemajorgenesandQTLsforWBPHresistanceinjaponicarice.

简介：Background:Attentionhasrecentlybeendrawntotheissueoftransboundaryinvasions,wherespeciesintroducedandnaturalizedinonecountrycrossinternationalbordersandbecomeproblematicinneighbouringcountries.Robustmodellingframeworks,abletoidentifytheenvironmentaldriversofinvasionandforecastthecurrentandfuturepotentialdistributionofinvasivespecies,areneededtostudyandmanageinvasions.Limitationsduetothelackofspeciesdistributionandenvironmentaldata,orassumptionsofmodellingtools,oftenconstrainthereliabilityofmodelpredictions.Methods:Wepresentamultiscalespatialmodellingframeworkfortransboundaryinvasions,incorporatingrobustmodellingframeworks(MultimodelInferenceandEnsembleModelling)toovercomesomeofthelimitations.TheframeworkisillustratedusingHakeasericeaSchrad.(Proteaceae),ashruborsmalltreenativetoAustraliaandinvasiveinseveralregionsoftheworld,includingtheIberianPeninsula.Twostudyscaleswereconsidered:regionalscale(westernIberia,includingmainlandPortugalandGalicia)andlocalscale(northwestPortugal).Attheregionalscale,therelativeimportanceofenvironmentalpredictorssetswasevaluatedandrankedtodeterminethemaingeneraldriversforthespeciesdistribution,whiletheimportanceofeachenvironmentalpredictorwasassessedatthelocalscale.ThepotentialdistributionofH.sericeawasspatiallyprojectedforbothscaleareas.Results:ModelprojectionsforwesternIberiasuggestthatalargeareaisenvironmentallysuitableinbothPortugalandSpain.Climateandlandscapecompositionsetswerethemostimportantdeterminantsofthisregionaldistributionofthespecies.Conversely,ageologicalpredictor(schistlithology)wasmoreimportantinexplainingitslocal-scaledistribution.Conclusions:AfterbeingintroducedtoPortugal,H.sericeahasbecomeatransboundaryinvaderbyexpandinginpartsofGalicia(Spain).ThefactthatalargerareaispredictedasenvironmentallysuitableinSpainraisesconcern

简介：Roll-leaf-1(rl-1)andspot-leaf-1(spl-1)weretwonear-isogeniclines,whichwereobtainedafter3to4backcrosseswithearlyseasonindicariceZhefu802asrecurrentparent.Hennamacro-lesions,referredasphysiologicalormorphologicalmarkers,begantoappearonleavesat4.5-to6.0-leafstage.Thericeseedlingswereinoculatedat3.5-,5.0-and7.0-leafstageswithhighpathogenicracesZhongA1andZhongB1ofMagnaporthegrisea,respectively.Theresistanceofrl-1,spl-1andZhefu802againstblastwassignificantlydifferent.TheseedlingsofZhefu802at3.5-to7.0-leafstageweresusceptibletoracesZhongA1andZhongB1ofM.grisea,whereasthoseofrl-1andspl-1at3.5-,5.0-and7.0-leafstagesweresusceptible,moderatelyresistantandresistant,respectively.Theseresultssuggestedthattheenhancedresistanceofri-1andspl-1relatedtotheappearanceoftheirmorphologicalmarkerlesions.Theexperimentprovidedabasisforstudyinglesionmimicandhypersensitiveresponseinassociationwithdiseaseresistance.

简介：二细菌的老家(BB)抵抗基因，Xa21和Xa4，从IRBB24被介绍进杂交稻restorer线Mianhui725，它高度产生BB，由使用杂交和分子的帮助标记的选择技术。四根相应恢复系线通过与分子的标记测试R目标基因并且分析父母遗传背景被获得。有特定的紧张ofXanthomonasoryzaepv的四根线和他们的混血儿的接种。oryzae，P1，P6和七个代表汉语拉紧病理型，CⅠ-CⅦ，证明所有四根线和他们的混血儿是到BB的高度抵抗、介绍的宽广抵抗光谱。G46A/R207-2的混血儿显示了好农学的人物和高产潜力，并且R207-2被称为Shuhui207。

简介：Thenewly-hatchednymphsofthesmallbrownplanthopper(SBPH),Laodelphaxstriatellus,includingfieldandsensitivepopulations,weresubjectedtothehigh-temperature(35°C)treatment.Thenumberofyeast-likeendosymbiotesinSBPHreducedby23.47%-34.23%,57.86%-61.51%and88.96%-90.71%afterthehigh-temperaturetreatmentfor1d,2d,and3d,respectively.However,thesizeofyeast-likeendosymbioteswasnotobviouslyaffected.ResistanceofSBPHtothreeinsecticides(imidacloprid,chlorpyrifosandfipronil)decreasedwiththeincreaseoftreatmenttime.

简介：TwoclonaltrialstandsofChineseFir（Cunninghamialanceolata）wereusedinthisstudy,onewas19-year-oldstandwhichincluded38clones,andtheotherwas17-year-oldstandincluding102clones.Thestatisticalanalysesshowedthattherewereverysignificantgeneticvariationsinheight,DBH,volumeandratioofheartwood(Rhw),woodbasicdensity（ρb）oftheclonesinthetwostands.Therepeatabilityofcloneswasinmediantohighlevel,andthegeneticCVwasdifferentovertheallfivetraits.Therewereverysignificantphenotypicandgeneticcorrelationsamongheight,DBHandvolume,andnegativecorrelationsamonggrowth,Rhwandρb.Theselectionmethodexperimentindicatedthatindexselectioncouldimprovevolume,Rhwandρb,showingsyntheticallysuperiorselectioneffectscomparedtoanyindividualtraitselectionmethods.

简介：Thetransgenicrice,Zhongda2,whichwasgeneticallymodifiedfromanindicaricelineZhuxianBbyricechitinasegene(RC24),hadhighresistancetoricesheathblight(Rhizoctoniasolam)inlaboratoryandatwo-yearfieldexperiment.ThepathogencouldinvadesheathofZhongda2andinducesymptomsofthedisease.NodifferencewasnotedintimeofpenetrationorincubationperiodbetweenZhongda2andnon-transgenicricecontrol,ZhuxianB,butthehyphaelysatecouldbeobservedeadierthancontrol.Itsresistanceexpressedastoinhibitthegrowthofmyceliuminhosttissue.F1sfromZhongda2(♂)crossedwithotherfivenon-transgenicricelinesshowedhigherresistancethandonornon-transgenicparents,buttheresistancewasdifferentalongwiththedifferentmaternalparents.

简介：Inthisresearch,fiveNitrariasibiricaprovenancessuchasDayiluwereselectedtodoexperimentofsalt-resistance,combiningfixedplotstestwithtypicalplotinvestigation,measuringsurvivalrateandgrowthasmainindicators.TheexperimentsofmainculturaltechnologyweredoneonNitrariasibiricain4typesofsitepreparation,3typesofplanting,3designsforplantingdensity.TheNitrariasibiricaexperimentsfortheeffectsofcurbingsaltandimprovingsoilweredonebytestingsoilnutrients,saltcontent,soilphysicalpropertiesasfocalpointsintypicalsiteof3-4yearswoods.TheexperimentresultsshowedthattheNitrariasibiricacouldsurvivewellwithsoilsaltcontentof0.6%,andthatsurvivalratedeclineddistinctivelyassoilsaltcontentexceeded0.8%.However,highsoilsaltcontentdidnotinfluencegrowthintheyearofplanting.Therewereobviousdifferencesinsalt-toleranceamongNitrariasibiricaprovenances;Dayiluwasthebestonsalt-tolerance,theother4provenanceshadnodifferences,andobviouslyinferiortoDayilu.Thedifferenttypesofsitepreparationclearlyinfluencedplantingsurvivalrate,conservingrateandgrowth.Themethodoftwo-ploughing-two-harrowingwasthebestamongall4typesofsitepreparation.Seedforestationwaslargelylimited,bared-rootedseedlingforestationmaybepopularisedwhensoilsaltcontentwaslessthan1%andsoilmoisturecontentwasbetterinspring.Forestationwithcontainerseedlingwassuitedtocoastalsalinesoilinrainyseason.TheoptimumplantingdensityofNitrariasibiricawas2505/haintheYellowRiverDeltaareainviewofcoveragerate,yieldoffruitsandcostofplanting.Generallyspeaking,Nitrariasibiricacouldeffectivelyrefrainsoilfromaccumulationofsaltinthesurfacesoil,decreasesaltcontentandincreasesoilnutrient,andheightensoilcapillaryporerate.

简介：

简介：Aspontaneousmutation,tentativelynamedd63,wasderivedfromthetwin-seedlingprogeniesofricecrossedbydiploidSARIIIandMinghui63.Comparedwithwild-typeplants,thed63mutantshowedmultipleabnormalphenotypes,suchasdwarfism,moretillers,smallerflagleafandreducedseed-settingrateand1000-grainweight.Inthisstudy,twoF2populationsweredevelopedbycrossingbetweend63andNipponbare,d63and93-11.Geneticanalysisindicatedthatd63wascontrolledbyasinglerecessivegene,whichwaslocatedontheshortarmofchromosome8,withinthegeneticdistanceof0.40cMfromRM22195.Hence,D63mightbeanewgeneastherearenodwarfgenesreportedontheshortarmofchromosome8.