简介:自从20世纪90年代中期数字助听器问世以来,助听器在主要性能、外观和处理算法等方面有了更为广泛的选择空间。①与20年前初次问世的一次性助听器不同,现在的耳背式一次性助听器可以根据个体耳道情况定制耳模,提高了佩戴舒适性,选配时间大大缩短,选配当时即可取走助听器;价格低廉;患者更换助听器变得容易。但对于长期使用的患者,购买一次性助听器的花费并不见得比购置“永久性助听器”少:有限的矩阵并不能满足所有类型的听力损失患者;对于某些对于外观要求较高的患者,耳背式助听器并不能满足其需求。
简介:人的耳朵是为正常通讯的听觉的一台精细的感觉仪器,并且它的合适的工作高度依赖于mitochondrialoxidativephosphorylation。为nonsyndromic和aminoglycoside-inducedhearing损失的第一mitochondrial点突变在1993被识别。从那以后,很多个继承mitochondrial变化在听见损失被含有。大多数为联系mitochondrialdisorder的听觉损失负责的分子的缺点是在12SrRNA基因和tRNA基因的变化。在这评论,在对正常听觉机制和mitochondrial的短描述以后,我们构画出在联系聋的mitochondrialmutations的鉴定被做了的最近的进展,并且讨论mitochondrial机能障碍怎么贡献听觉损失。
简介:Objectives:Toassesspostoperativehearinglevel,andfactorsthatmayhaveinfluencehearingimprovementaftermyringoplasty.Methods:Twentysixcasesofsuccessfulmyringoplastywereincludedinthisprospectivestudy.Patientparametersincludingage,gender,sizeandsiteoftheperforation,mastoidstatus,andetiologywereevaluated.Hearinglevelswereassessedasthemeanairconduction(AC),andairbonegap(ABG)at500,1000,and2000Hz,andtheirrelationwithaforementionedparameterswereanalyzed.Results:ThemeanAChearinggainwas22.373dBandmeanABGreductionwas20.733dB.ThemaximumAChearinggainwas25.93dBforsubtotalperforationand26.24dBforbigcentralperforation,andthemaximumABGreductionwas25.63dBforsubtotalperforationand24.20forbigcentralperforation.MeanAChearinggainwas23.01dB,22.72dB,and21.39dBfor500,1000,and2000Hz,respectively,andmeanABGreductionwas21.52dB,20.79dB,and19.86dBfor500,1000,and2000Hz,respectively.Patientage,gender,mastoidstatusandetiologydidnotseemtohaveanybearingonpostoperativehearingimprovement.Conclusion:Whilepatientparametersdonotseemtocorrelatewithhearingimprovementfollowingmyringoplasty,thesizeandlocationofperforationappeartohaveanimpactonpostoperativehearingoutcomes.Mosthearingimprovementappearstooccurat500Hz.
简介:Diabetesmellitus(DM)isachronicsystemicdiseasecharacterizedbyhyperglycemia,withvariouspatho-genicmechanisms.Fromabsoluteorrelativeinsulindeficiency,patientswithDMoftendemonstratevari-ouslevelsofmetabolicdisorders.MajorclinicalmanifestationsofDMincludemetabolicdisorders,vascu-larlesions,circulatorydisturbancesandneurologiccomplications.AlongwithadvancesinDMresearch,re-portsofDMrelatedtinnitusandhearingimpairmenthaveincreasedcontinuously.ResearchonDMrelatedauditorysystemdysfunctionhasfocusedoncochlearmicrocirculation,cellularhomeostasis,geneticsandag-ing.Cochlearmicrocirculationplaysanimportantroleincochlearphysiologyanditsdisordersareassociat-edwithmanyinnereardiseases.Ischemiaandsubsequentreperfusionseenincochlearmicrocirculationdis-ordersareimportantfactorsinhearingdamage.UnderstandingcochlearmicrocirculationandstructuralaswellasfunctionalchangesinDMpatientswithhearinglossandtheircausalfactorswillhelprevealpatho-genicmechanismsindiabetichearinglossandprovidenewideasindevelopinginterventionsandpreventingdamagescausedbydiabetes.
简介:ObjectiveTostudytheauditionandinnerearstructureinanormalswinemodel.MethodsAuditorybrainstemresponses(ABRs)weredeterminedinswineat1dayand1monthafterbirth.Theformofthecochleaandhaircellswereexaminedunderascanningelectronmicroscopeandoncochlearslices.ResultsABRthresholdsat1dayand1monthpost-birthwerebetween40and50dBSPL.ThelatenciesofwavesI,IIIandVin1dayoldswinewere1.97±0.13,3.01±0.16and4.26±0.20ms,respectively.At1month,thelantanciesofwavesI,IIIandVwere2.01±0.05,3.11±0.08and4.65±0.14ms,respectively,slightlylongerthanthoseat1day,althoughnotstatisticallysignificant(p>0.05).Theswinecochleawasconstitutedof3andahalfturnsandthecochlearhaircellslinedupinfourrows.Haircellciliaintheapicalturnwerelongerthanthoseinotherturns.ConclusionsTheswinecochleaismatureatthetimeofbirth.SwineABRthresholdsareslightlyhigherthanhumansandrats.Swineappearstobeaprecocialanimalspecies.
简介:Infantswithcongenitaldeafnesscausedbyseverebilateralinnerearmalformationsfrequentlysufferfromseverehearinglossandpoorbalance.Unfortunately,theuseofhearingaidsisusuallyineffectiveinrecoveringhearing,necessitatingcochlearimplants.Wereportacaseofa6-year-oldboywithcongenitaldeafnessandbilateralinnerearmalformations(rightside,incompletepartitiontypeI[IP-I];leftside,commoncavitydeformity).Hearingaidshadaremarkableeffectinthispatient,enablingsufficientandfavorablehearingrecoverysuchastoallowthepatienttoengageindailyconversations.Per-rotatorynystagmuswasrecordedonanelectronystagmogramforbothrightandleftrotationsinadampedrotationalchairtest.Itisrarefordeafchildrenwithseverebilateralinnerearmalformationtodemonstratefavorabledevelopmentinhearingandgoodequilibriumfunction.OurfindingssuggestthatauditoryevestibularhaircellsinthispatientmayhavebeenpartiallypreserveddespiteIP-Iintherightearandcommoncavitydeformityoftheleftear.
简介:随着临床听力学、实验听力学和计算机技术的不断发展,助听器基本上完成了从模拟线路到全数字线路的转换。开放式选配、多频段声处理、高效率降噪、多环境不同放大、反馈抑制或者仿生技术的应用,大大提高了助听器清晰度和适应性。而十几年前的深耳道式助听器技术早已基本解决了外观隐蔽的问题。技术的发展使更多的听障者受益,但同时我们还有许多的问题有待解决。