简介：摘要卒中是全球范围内的重大公共卫生问题，其治疗关键在于早期诊断和及时治疗。微RNAs(microRNAs, miRNAs)是一类由20～25个核苷酸组成的非编码RNAs，通过与靶mRNAs的非翻译区结合，在细胞分化和发育的不同阶段起着关键的基因调控作用。miRNAs参与了几乎所有的生物学过程，与包括缺血性卒中在内的多种疾病密切相关。文章就miRNAs在缺血性卒中病理生理学过程中的作用进行综述。

简介：AsanewlydiscoveredtypeofRNA,circularRNAs(circRNAs)arewidespreadthroughouttheeukaryoticgenome.TheexpressionofcircRNAsisregulatedbybothcis-elementsandtrans-factors,andtheexpressionpatternofcircRNAsiscelltype-anddiseasespecific.Similartoothertypesofnon-codingRNAs,functionsofcircRNAsarealsoversatile.CircRNAshavebeenreportedpreviouslytofunctionasmicroRNA(miRNA)sponges,proteinsponges,codingRNAsorscaffoldsforproteincomplexes.Recently,severalcircRNAshavebeenreportedtoplayimportantrolesinhumanmalignancies,includingglioma.Here,wereviewedseveralreportsrelatedtocircRNAsandglioma,aswellasthepotentialdiagnosticandtherapeuticapplicationsofcircRNAsinbraincancer.Ingeneral,somecircRNAs,suchascircSMARCA5andcircCFH,arefoundtobeexpressedinagliomaspecificpattern,thesecircRNAsmaybeusedastumorbiomarkers.Inaddition,somecircRNAshavebeenfoundtoplayoncogenicrolesinglioma(e.g.,circNFIXandcircNT5E),whereasothershavebeenreportedtofunctionastumorsuppressors(e.g.,circFBXW7andcircSHPRH).Furthermore,circRNAisagoodtoolforproteinexpressionbecauseofitshigherstabilitycomparedtolinearRNAs.Thus,circRNAsmayalsobeanidealchoiceforgene/proteindeliveryinfuturebraincancertherapies.TherearesomechallengesincircRNAresearchingliomaandotherdiseases.ResearchrelatedtocircRNAsingliomaiscomparativelynewandmanymysteriesremaintobesolved.

简介：摘要缺血性卒中是导致残疾和死亡的主要原因之一。虽然静脉溶栓和血管内机械血栓切除术能实现脑血管再通，但大部分缺血性卒中患者因错过治疗时间窗而遗留严重神经功能缺损。神经可塑性是神经功能修复的基础。近年来的研究显示，微RNAs在调控神经可塑性方面具有不可或缺的作用。文章对微RNAs对缺血性卒中神经可塑性的调控作用进行了综述，以期为缺血性卒中的治疗提供参考。

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简介：AIM:ToscreenmicroRNAs（miRNAs）andsetuptargetmiRNAsinpterygium.METHODS:PrimaryfibroblastswereisolatedfrompterygiumandTenon’scapsuleandcultured.ImmunocytochemicalanalysisandWesternblottingwereperformedtoconfirmthecultureoffibroblasts.Inall,1733miRNAswerescreenedinthefirststepbyusingGeneChip?miRNA3.0Array.SpecificmiRNAsinvolvedinthepathogenesisofpterygiumweresubsequentlydeterminedusingthefollowingcriteria:1)highreproducibilityinarepetitivetest;2)baselogvalueof>7.0forbothcontrolandpterygialfibroblasts;and3)logratioof>1.0betweenpterygialfibroblastsandcontrolfibroblasts.RESULTS:Primaryscreeningshowedthat887/1733miRNAswereup-regulatedand846/1733miRNAsweredown-regulatedinpterygialfibroblastscomparedwiththoseincontrolfibroblasts.Ofthe1733miRNAsscreened,4miRNAs,namely,miRNA-143a-3p,miRNA-181a-2-3p,miRNA-377-5pandmiRNA-411a-5p,mettheabove-mentionedcriteria.Primaryscreeningshowedthatthese4miRNAswereup-regulatedinpterygialfibroblastscomparedwithcontrolfibroblastsandthatmiRNA-143a-3phadthehighestmeanratiocomparedwiththemiRNAsincontrolfibroblasts.CONCLUSION:miRNA-143a-3p,miRNA-181a-2-3p,miRNA-377-5pandmiRNA-411a-5pareup-regulatedinpterygialfibroblastscomparedwithcontrolfibroblasts,suggestingtheirinvolvementinthepathogenesisofpterygium.

简介：活动过度的雄激素受体(AR)活动仍然是前列腺癌症和电阻的发作和前进的一个关键决定因素到当前的治疗。管理的机制阉割抵抗前列腺癌症糟糕被理解，但是定义这些分子的事件是必要的以便从前列腺癌症影响死亡。杨等。表明知道是在治疗的overexpressed的那二lnc-RNAs抵抗前列腺癌症，PRNCR1(也作为PCAT8知道)并且PCGEM1，跳到AR提高ligand依赖、ligand独立的AR基因表示和这些相互作用的顺序包含了的前列腺癌症cells.1的增长到acetylatedAR和DOT1L的一个随后的协会的PRNCR1的绑定，为lncRNAPCGEM1的顺序的招募被要求到AR氨基的终点，它接着被遇见

简介：AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) constitute a novel class of endogenous noncoding RNAs characterized by a covalently closed structure and involved in multiple biological processes. The main biological functions and properties of circRNAs can be defined by five features: a "sponging" effect on other RNA species, post-transcriptional regulation, rolling circle translation, generation of pseudogenes, and splicing interference. Although circRNAs were first detected decades ago, the role of circRNAs and the mechanisms underlying their actions remain incompletely characterized. Recently, circRNAs were reported to play indispensable roles in regulating metabolic and signal transduction events controlling the proliferation, migration, and survival of cells. Importantly, many studies demonstrated that dysregulated circRNA expression is associated with the development of multiple diseases, including cancer. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the roles and mechanisms of circRNAs in cancer and discuss their functions as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in different tumor types.

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简介：BackgroundCircularRNAs(circRNAs)areendogenousnon-codingRNAsthatparticipateinregulatinggeneexpressionindiversebiologicalandpathologicalprocesses.TherolesofcircRNAsinatrialfibrillation(AF)havenotbeenwellelucidated.Inthepresentstudy,circRNAsprofileintheatrialappendagesofpatientswithAFwasexamined.MethodsHematoxylin-eosin(HE)andMassontrichromestainingwasperformedontheatrialappendagesofpatientswithsinusrhythm(SR)orAF.Expressionsoffibrosis,rennin-angiotensin-aldosteronesystem(RAAS)andinflammation-associatedgenesweredeterminedbyquantitativereversetranscriptionPCR(qRT-PCR).CircRNAsexpressionprofileinatrialappendageswasdetectedbycircRNAsmicroarray.qRT-PCRwasalsousedtodeterminetheexpressionof6representativedys-regulatedcircRNAs.PCRproductsofconcernedcircRNAswerefurtheridentifiedbygelelectrophoresisandDNAsequencingassay.ResultsMassontrichromestainingresultshowedthatfibrosiswasincreasedintheatrialappendagesofAFpatients.Thelevelsofcol1a1,Col3a1,fibrinectin-1(FN1),IL1-βandCRPmRNAexpressionweresignificantlyup-regulatedintheatrialappendagesofAFpatients.AcircRNAsarrayrevealedthatcircRNAsweredysregulatedintheatrialappendagesofAFpatients.qRT-PCRresultsdemonstratedthatcircRNA_100395wasup-regulated,circRNA_101270,circRNA_103820,circRNA_104168andcircRNA_100782weredown-regulatedsignificantlyintheatrialappendagesofAFpatientscomparedtoSRpatients.ConclusionsFibrosisandinflammationoccurintheatrialappendagesofAFpatients,whichcouldrelatetocircRNAsdysregulation.

简介：Livercancer,primarilyhepatocellularcarcinoma(HCC),isamajorcauseofcancer-relateddeathworldwide.HCCisasuitablemodelofinflammation-inducedcancerbecausemorethan90%ofHCCcasesarecausedbyliverdamageandchronicinflammation.Severalinflammatoryresponsepathways,suchasNF-κBandJAK/STAT3signalingpathways,playrolesinthecrosstalkbetweeninflammationandHCC.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)areevolutionarilyconserved,shortendogenous,non-codingsingle-strandedRNAsthatareinvolvedinvariousbiologicalandpathologicalprocessesbyregulatinggeneexpressionandproteintranslation.EvidenceshowedthatmiRNAsplayapivotalroleinhepatitisvirusinfectionandserveaspromotersorinhibitorsofinflammatoryresponse.AberrantmiRNAwasobservedduringliverinflammationandHCC.ManydysregulatedmiRNAsmodulatetheinitiationandprogressionofinflammation-inducedHCC.ThisreviewsummarizestheroleandfunctionsofmiRNAsininflammation-associatedHCC,aswellasthedesignedtherapeuticstargetingmiRNAstotreatliverinflammationandHCC.

简介：AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are of vital importance for various biological processes, and dysregulation of lncRNAs is frequently associated with various diseases such as psoriasis. LncRNAs modulate gene expression at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and translational levels; however, the specific regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs in psoriasis remain largely unexplored. This review provides an overview of recent studies investigating mechanisms and functions of lncRNAs in psoriasis, especially focusing on the role of lncRNAs in keratinocytes, T cells, and dendritic cells.

简介：AbstractBackground:Circular RNA (circRNA) is a type of closed circular noncoding RNA (ncRNA), mostly formed by back-splicing or alternative splicing of pre-messenger RNA (mRNA). The aim of this study was to explore the expression profile of circRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and discover potential molecular markers of AS.Methods:The circRNA microarray technology was used to detect the expression of circRNAs in the peripheral blood of 6 patients with AS and 6 healthy controls (HC). To screen the differentially expressed circRNAs by fold change (FC) and P value, these differentially expressed circRNAs were analyzed by bioinformatics. In 60 cases of AS and 30 cases of HC, 4 circRNAs were subjected to real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and their correlation with various clinical indicators was analyzed. Finally, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze their potential as AS diagnostic markers.Results:The microarray results showed that there were 1369 significantly differently expressed (P < 0.05, FC > 1.5) circRNAs between the AS and HC groups (675 upregulated and 694 downregulated). The results of bioinformatics analysis suggested that they were mainly involved in "enzyme binding," "adenosine ribonucleotide binding," "MAPK signaling pathway" , etc. The RT-qPCR results showed that the expressions of hsa_circRNA_001544 (U = 486.5, P < 0.05) and hsa_circRNA_102532 (U = 645, P < 0.05) were significantly different between the AS group and the HC group. The AS group was further divided into two subgroups: active AS (ASA) and stable AS (ASS). After analysis, it was found that compared with the HC group, hsa_circRNA_001544 was significantly increased in both ASA (U = 214, P < 0.05) and ASS groups (U = 273, P < 0.05), while hsa_circRNA_008961 (U = 250, P < 0.05) and hsa_circRNA_102532 (U = 295, P < 0.05) were only significantly increased in the ASA group. Furthermore, hsa_circRNA_012732 was significantly different between the ASA and ASS groups (U = 194, P < 0.05), and there was no statistical significance among the remaining groups. Correlation analysis results showed that hsa_circRNA_012732 was negatively correlated with Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and globulin (GLOB) and positively correlated with lymphocyte count (LY), mean corpusular volume, and albumin (ALB), and hsa_circRNA_008961 was negatively correlated with platelet (PLT) count. ROC curve analysis showed that hsa_circRNA_001544 (95% CI = 0.610-0.831, P < 0.05) and hsa_circRNA_102532 (95% CI = 0.521-0.762, P < 0.05) were statistically significant, and their area under curve (AUC) values were 0.720 and 0.642, respectively.Conclusions:There are differentially expressed circRNAs in PBMCs of AS patients, and they may be involved in the occurrence and development of AS. Among these differentially expressed circRNAs, hsa_circRNA_012732 has the potential to become an indicator of disease activity, and hsa_circRNA_001544 has the potential to become a molecular marker for AS diagnosis.

简介：AbstractEndometriosis (EM) is a benign gynecological disease that affects the fertility and health of women of reproductive age; it is characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity. Although several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the underlying cause of EM, its pathogenesis remains obscure. Recently, non-coding RNAs were reported to be involved in the occurrence and development of EM. MicroRNAs and long non-coding RNAs are the main members of the non-coding RNA family that contribute to EM progression in various aspects, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and angiogenesis. Angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in the initiation and development of EM and provides a substantial background for the invasion, proliferation, and long-term growth of endometriotic implants. This review aimed to investigate the role of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in regulating angiogenesis in EM and discuss how this mechanism can be used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in EM.

简介：微小RNAs（MicroRNAs，简称miRNAs）是长度为18～25个核苷酸的内源性非编码小分子RNA，通过剪切mRNA、调节靶基因、抑制蛋白质翻译，进而调控多种生物学行为，如发育进程、干细胞分化、细胞凋亡、疾病以及肿瘤的发生。本文将介绍miRNAs作为原癌基因或抑癌基因参与人类乳腺癌发生、发展及扩散转移的研究进展，并对人类现有miRNAs作为肿瘤基因诊治的应用情况作一简述。

简介：小RNA(sRNAs)是非编码的规章的元素在多样的有机体发现了的18-30nt，它是在Caenorhabditiselegans的开始识别的同样小的双strandedRNA。与新、改进的技术的发展，sRNAs也在植物系统被识别了并且描绘。在他们之中，微RNA(miRNAs)和小介入RNA(siRNAs)被发现是在植物的很重要的riboregulators。sRNAs的各种各样的类型在他们生物的续生说的模式并且在他们基因规定的功能不同。sRNAs在transcriptional和post-transcriptional层次涉及基因规定。他们被知道调整植物的生长和开发。而且，特别植物miRNAs被发现了涉及各种各样的压力回答的sRNAs，例如氧化，矿物质营养素缺乏，脱水，和甚至机械的刺激。在现在的评论，因此，我们集中于生物的续生说的当前的理解和到各种各样的不能生活的压力的植物sRNAs和他们的回答的规章的机制。

简介：AbstractBackground:Recent studies have reported circular RNA (circRNA) expression profiles in various tissue types; however, circRNA expression profile in human epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) remains undefined. This work aimed to compare circRNA expression patterns in EAT between the heart failure (HF) and non-HF groups.Methods:RNA-sequencing was carried out to compare circRNA expression patterns in EAT specimens from coronary artery disease cases between the HF and non-HF groups. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed for validation. Comparisons of patient characteristics between the two groups were using t test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Chi-squared test.Results:A total of 141 circRNAs substantially different between the HF and non-HF groups (P < 0.05; fold change >2) were detected, including 56 up-regulated and 85 down-regulated. Among them, hsa_circ_0005565 stood out, for it had the highest fold change and was significantly increased in HF patients in quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction validation. The top highly expressed EAT circRNAs corresponded to genes involved in cell proliferation and inflammatory response, including GSE1, RHOBTB3, HIPK3, UBXN7, PCMTD1, N4BP2L2, CFLAR, EPB41L2, FCHO2, FNDC3B, and SPECC1. The top enriched Gene Ontology term and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway were positive regulation of metabolic processes and insulin resistance, respectively.Conclusion:These data indicate EAT circRNAs may contribute to the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders causing HF.

简介：摘要近年来，与卒中相关的环状RNAs(circular RNAs, circRNAs)被广泛研究，其变化涉及卒中的多个病理生理学环节，包括血管生成、神经可塑性、细胞凋亡和神经炎症等。进一步探明特定circRNAs在急性缺血性卒中后的变化及其涉及的分子生物学机制，有助于开发可能的新型药物靶点进而改善患者预后。文章对急性缺血性卒中后发生变化的主要circRNAs以及circRNAs的作用机制、功能检测方法及目前研究所面临的挑战进行了综述。

简介：AbstractLong non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays a contributory role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this review, we summarized the current findings of lncRNAs in RA, including cellular function and the potential mechanisms. Serum lncRNA levels are associated with serum proinflammatory cytokines and disease activity. LncRNAs regulate proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs), modulate the differentiation of T lymphocytes and macrophages, and affect bone formationdestruction balance of chondrocytes. Besides, lncRNAs are involved in inflammation and cell motivation signaling pathways. Indepth research on lncRNAs may help elucidate the pathogenesis of RA and provides clues for novel treatment targets.

简介：Sincethefailureoftraditionaltherapy,genetherapyusingfunctionalDNAsequenceandsmallRNA/DNAmolecules(oligonucleotide)hasbecomeapromisingavenueforcancertreatment.ThediscoveryofRNAmoleculeshasimpelledresearcherstoinvestigatesmallregulatoryRNAfromvariousnaturalandartificialsourcesanddetermineacogenttargetforcontrollingtumorprogression.SmallregulatoryRNAsareusedfortherapeuticsilencingofoncogenesandaberrantDNArepairresponsegenes.Despitetheiradvantages,therapiesbasedonsmallRNAsexhibitlimitationsintermsofstabilityoftherapeuticdrugs,precisionbaseddeliveryintissues,precision-basedintercellularandintracellulartargeting,andtumorheterogeneity-basedresponses.Inthisstudy,wesummarizethepotentialanddrawbacksofsmallRNAsinnucleicacidtherapeuticsforcancer.

简介：微小RNA（microRNA，miRNA）是来源于内源性发卡型转录本的单链非编码RNA，长度约22nt，通过抑制或降解靶信使RNA（mRNA）的方式执行转录后基因调控作用。有研究表明，miRNA与生物的发育进程[1]、造血过程[2]、细胞生长分化与凋亡[3]、脂肪代谢H等生命过程有密切关系。