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简介：Medicaltherapyfortype2diabetesmellitusisineffectiveinthelongtermduetotheprogressivenatureofthedisease,whichrequiresincreasingmedicationdosesandpolypharmacy.Conversely,bariatricsurgeryhasemergedasacost-effectivestrategyforobesediabeticindividuals;ithaslowcomplicationratesandresultsindurableweightloss,glycemiccontrolandimprovementsinthequalityoflife,obesity-relatedco-morbidityandoverallsurvival.Thefindingthatglucosehomeostasiscanbeachievedwithaweightloss-independentmechanismimmediatelyafterbariatricsurgery,especiallygastricbypass,hasledtotheparadigmofmetabolicsurgery.However,theprimaryfocusofmetabolicsurgeryisthealterationofthephysio-anatomyofthegastrointestinaltracttoachieveglycemiccontrol,metaboliccontrolandcardio-metabolicriskreduction.Todate,metabolicsurgeryisstillnotwelldefined,asitisusedmostfrequentlyforlessobesepatientswithpoorlycontrolleddiabetes.Themechanismofglycemiccontrolisstillincompletelyunderstood.Publishedresearchfindingsonmetabolicsurgeryarepromising,butmanyaspectsstillneedtobedefined.Thispaperexaminestheproposedmechanismofdiabetesremission,theefficacyofdifferenttypesofmetabolicprocedures,thedurabilityofglucosecontrol,andtherisksandcomplicationsassociatedwiththisprocedure.Weproposeatailoredapproachfortheselectionoftheidealmetabolicprocedurefordifferentgroupsofpatients,consideringtheindicationsandprognosticfactorsfordiabetesremission.

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简介：Gapinducedpie-pulseinhibition(Gap-PPI)ofacousticstartlereflexhasbeenusedasameasurementoftinnitusinanimalmodels.However,whetherthistestissensitivetodetecttinnitusinhumansisstillunclear.Basedonthetestingprocedureusedinanimalstudies,ahumansubjecttestingmethodwasformulatedandconductedtoinvestigateifasimilarresultcouldbefoundintinnituspatients.Audiologicandtinnitusassessmentsandacousticstartlereflexmeasurementswereperformedonseventinnitussubjectsandnineagematchedsubjectswithouttinnitus.TherewasnosignificantdifferencefoundbetweenthecontrolandtinnitusgroupontheGap-PPlacrossthefrequenciesevaluated.Theamplitudeofthestartleresponseinthetinnitusgroupwithnormalhearingthresholdswassignificantlyhigherthanthecontrolgroupandthosewithtinnitusandhearingloss.Thispreliminaryresultsuggeststhathyperexcitabilityinthecentralauditorysystemmaybeinvolvedintinnitus.Therewasnocorrelationbetweenhearingthresholdsandtheincreasedamplitudeofstartleresponse.

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简介：Thefirstexperimentalmeasurementsofintense(～7×1019Wcm-2)laser-driventerahertz(THz)radiationfromasolidtargetwhichispreheatedbyanintensepulseoflaser-acceleratedprotonsisreported.ThetotalenergyoftheTHzradiationisfoundtodecreasebyapproximatelyafactorof2comparedtoacoldtargetreference.Thisisattributedtoanincreaseinthescalelengthofthepreformedplasma,drivenbyprotonheating,atthefrontsurfaceofthetarget,wheretheTHzradiationisgenerated.TheresultsshowtheimportanceofcontrollingthepreplasmascalelengthforTHzproduction.

简介：在与有一致基因背景的植物的一个玉米领域里的黄麴毒素污染的关系的昆虫损坏的空间、时间的模式很好没被理解。在昆虫损坏和黄麴毒素在的空间模式的以前的考试以后预先收获玉米地，我们进一步与二采样检验了喂圆块、喂核的昆虫损坏，和黄麴毒素水平的空间、时间的模式在在2008和2009预先收获。由每ear/kernel-feeding昆虫的喂的损坏(即，丝绸/圆块上的玉米一种有害幼虫/秋天粟蚕损坏，和玉米核由的褪色坏透臭虫)并且玉米象鼻虫人口用五只耳朵在每个格子点被估计。采样数据在两年里处于昆虫损坏和黄麴毒素污染显示出域边效果。玉米象鼻虫比任何一个玉米一种有害幼虫更经常向聚集的分布趋于或坏透两年里的臭虫损坏。为黄麴毒素水平检测聚集的分发的频率是昆虫损坏评价的不到任何东西。坏透臭虫损坏和玉米象鼻虫数字更仔细比是玉米一种有害幼虫的与黄麴毒素水平被联系损坏。另外，空间时间的协会(χ)的索引证明玉米象鼻虫的数字被联系在之间第一(4个星期预先收获)并且秒(1个星期预先收获)所有地上的两年里的采样。相反，在来自Belflower农场上的地的第一和第二采样之间的玉米一种有害幼虫损坏，和黄麴毒素水平和玉米一种有害幼虫在Lang农场上从这块地损坏在2009被分裂。

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简介：每每听到有人说英语，总会觉得英国人的英语发音比其他国家人的英语发音更有味道，听英国人讲英文，总能听到每一个单词、每一个音节的清晰发音，单词的收尾又有独特而浓重的腔音。这种说英文的口音，就是闻名遐迩的英国腔，一直被世界公认为最纯正的英语发音腔调，近年来在中国也发展出了学习英国腔发音的群体。可见，无论在国外还是在国内，英国腔都被人们推崇备至。