简介：Thepaperdescribestherecentdevelopingsituationandthelatestresearchachievementsofrefractoryforhotmetalpretreatment.Therelationshipamongdesiliconization,dephosphorizationanddesulphurizationtechniquesandthemaincorrosionreactionsbyvarioustreatingagentsisanalyzed.Someimprovingmeasuresforseveralproblemsinpracticeareputforwardwhileweanticipatethefuturedevelopingdirectionofrefractoryforhotmetalpretreatment.

简介：ThepurecubicGaN(c-GaN)hasbeengrownon(001)GaAssubstratesbyECR-PAMOCVDtechniqueatlowtemperatureusingTMGaandhighpureN2asGaandNsources,respectively.TheeffectsofsubstratepretreatmentconditionsonqualityofcubicGaNepilayerareinvestigatedbythemeasurementsofTEMandXRD.Itisfoundthathydrogenplasmacleaning,nitridationandbufferlayergrowthareveryimportantforqualityofcubicGaNepilayer.

简介：凝结絮凝过程在diosgenin废水的预告的处理被使用。当主要凝结剂和cationicpolyacrylamide(CPAM)被用作凝结剂帮助，Polyferric硫酸盐被使用。用罐测试过程，主要操作参数的影响，例如在凝结的自河pH和凝结剂剂量，性能被调查。有效pH被发现在6.58.0的范围，凝结剂剂量是100mg/L。在最佳的条件下面，15%化学的氧需求(货到付款)移动效率被完成，剩余混浊是不到20NTU。CPAM的存在实质地在25mg/L的范围与适当CPAM剂量支持了剩余混浊的减小。

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简介：Biocharisapotentialcarrierfornutrientsduetoitsporousnatureandabundantfunctionalgroups.However,rawbiocharhasalimitedorevennegativecapacitytoadsorbphosphate.Toenhancephosphateremovalandreducephosphatereleases,acidic,alkaline,andsurfactantpretreatments,followedbygranulationandferricoxideloading,wereappliedtorawbiocharpowder(Bp).Thealkalinepretreatmentprovedtobethemosteffectivemethodandexhibitedsignificantporeexpansionandsurfaceoxidation.Bg-OH-FOshowedthehighestphosphateremovalefficiencyat99.2%(initialphosphateconcentrationof20mg/L)aftergranulationandferricoxideloading.StaticadsorptionresultsindicatedthatapHvalueof4wasthemostsuitableforphosphateadsorptionbecauseofthesurfacepropertiesofBg-OH-FOandthedistributionofP(V)inwater.Highertemperaturesandalargerinitialphosphateconcentrationledtobetteradsorption;theadsorptioncapacityofBg-OH-FOwas1.91mg/gat313Kwithaninitialphosphateconcentrationof50mg/L.TheBg-OH-FOadsorptionprocesswasendothermicinnature.TheFreundlichmodelseemedtobetheoptimumisothermmodelforBg-OH-FO.Undercontinuousadsorption,theflowrateandbeddepthwerechangedtooptimizetheoperationconditions.Theresultsindicatethataslowflowrateandhighbeddepthhelpedincreasetheremovalefficiency(g)ofthefixedbed.ThebreakthroughcurvesfittedwellwiththeYoonNelsonmodel.

简介：AbstractBackground:After the scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV infected people, increasing numbers of patients have pretreatment drug resistance (PDR). In this study, the prevalence of PDR was evaluated in adults initiating antiretroviral therapy in China.Methods:Blood samples were obtained from 1943 patients who initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 2017 from 13 provinces or cities in China. Pol sequences were used to analyze drug resistance and construct transmission networks. Logistic regression model was used to estimate the potential factors associated with PDR.Results:In total, 1711 eligible patients (76.0% male; 87.8% aged ≥ 25 years) were included, of which 117 (6.8%) had PDR. The highest rates of PDR were 12.2% in Liangshan Prefecture of Sichuan and 9.3 and 8.9% in Dehong and Lincang Prefecture of Yunnan. A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that PDR was significantly higher among intravenous drug users (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) = 2.64, 95% CI: 1.57–4.44) and individuals from Liangshan, Dehong, and Lincang (aOR= 2.04, 95% CI: 1.26–3.30). In total, 754 sequences were used to generate 164 transmission networks. Five transmission networks had two or three sequences containing the same mutations, two networks contained subjects from Liangshan, and one network contained subjects from Dehong.Conclusions:Overall, the PDR prevalence was moderate, with a particularly high prevalence in areas with severe HIV epidemics. These results indicate the importance of continuous PDR monitoring in patients initiating antiretroviral therapy.

简介：Thechloridizingsegregationandmagneticseparationoflow-gradenickellateritesfromYunnanprovinceofChinawasinvestigated.Thenickellateriteswerecharacterizedbymicroscopicinvestigations,usingX-raydiffractometry(XRD)andenergydispersivespectrometry(EDS)techniques.Thepellets,whichwerepreparedwithmagnesiumchlorideandcokeaschlorideagentandreductantrespectively,wereheatedtoahightemperature,andthepelletsaftercoolingwerecrushedformagneticseparation.Aseriesofexperimentswereconductedtoexaminetheeffectofchlorinatingagentdosage,reductantdosage,chloridizingtemperatureandchloridizingtimeonenrichmentgradeofNiandCo.TheresultsindicatethatthefourfactorshavesignificanteffectsontheextractionsofNiandCo.Theoptimumconditionsareasfollows:theamountsofmagnesiumchlorideandcokeare6%and2%,respectively,chloridizingtemperatureis1253K,andchloridizingtimeis90min.Undertheconditions,extractionsofNiandCoreach91.5%and82.3%,respectively.

简介：Theobjectiveofthispaperistodemonstratewhetherairplasmacanchangetheseedgerminationcharacteristics,seedlingemergence,aswellasbiochemicalreactivity,inAndrographispaniculata(A.paniculata)seedlingsbymodifyingtheseedcoatandfindingabeneficialtreatmentdose.Eighttreatmentdosesandonecontrolwereusedtoconductelectricalconductivitydetermination,agerminationtest,aseedlingemergencetestandabiochemicalassay.Theresultsshowedthatafterbeingtreatedwithairplasmaexcitedat5950Vfor10s,thepermeabilityoftheseedswasimprovedsignificantly,resultingintheaccelerationofseedgerminationandseedlingemergence.Inthemeantime,thecatalaseactivityandcatalaseisoenzymeexpressionwerealsoimproved,whilethemalondialdehydecontentintheseedlingswasdecreased(whichmeansgreatercounteractionwithenvironmentalstress).Afterbeingtreatedwith4250Vfor10sand5950Vfor20s,theseedgerminationwasenhanced,butwithoutanobviouschangeinseedlingemergence.However,aftertreatmentwith3400Vfor20sand5100Vfor10s,thepermeabilityoftheseedswasdecreased,resultinginadelayinseedlingemergence.TheseresultsindicatethatairplasmacanchangethephysiologicalandbiochemicalcharacteristicsofAndrographispaniculataseedsbymodifyingtheseedcoat,combinedwiththeeffectsoftheactiveplasmaspecies,andthatdifferenttreatingdoseshavedifferenteffects.

简介：Chloramphenicolisanantibioticandoneofthepotentialcontaminantsinhoney.Solid-phaseextractionisthekeypretreatmentprocedureforanalysisofchloramphenicolinhoney.Inthiswork,anon-linepretreatmentliquidchromatography-tandemmassspectrometersystemforsensitive,reliableandhigherthroughputanalysiswasdeveloped.Withthemethylcellulose-immobilizedreversed-phasecolumn,sugarsinahoneysamplewereefficientlyremovedin1min.Asaresult,thelimitofquantitationofchloramphenicolwas20pg/mL(0.2μg/kghoney).

简介：Cd忍耐和米饭幼苗的translocation上的H2O2预告的处理的效果用在Cd忍耐不同的二米饭栽培变种(N07-6和N07-63)被学习。malondialdehyde(MDA)的内容，减少的谷胱甘肽(GSH)，非蛋白质thiols(NPT)，phytochelatins(PC)和谷胱甘肽S-transferase(GST)的活动在暴露于各种各样的处理的二栽培变种之间被比较。结果证明50mol/LCd暴露显著地禁止了米饭生长，提高了GSH，NPT，PC和MDA的生产，并且增加了GST的活动，并且二栽培变种之间有重要差别。更多的Cd被搬运进N07-6的射击。H2O2预告的处理由进一步在根增加GSH，NPT和PC内容，以及GST活动减轻了Cd毒性。在N07-63的这些参数的增加度比在N07-6的那些高，建议N07-63的忍耐比N07-6更显著地被提高。氢过氧化物把Cdtranslocation归结为米饭射击，但是不同地在根影响了Cd内容。从上述结果，在到在二栽培变种之间的H2O2预告的处理的Cddetoxification和反应有显著差别，这可以被推测。

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简介：Twofamiliesofcatalysts,basedonPdnanoparticlessupportedonceramicasymmetrictubularaluminamembranes,arestudiesinthedirectsynthesisofH_2O_2.TheyarepreparedbydepositingPdintwoways:(i)reductionwithN_2H_4inanultrasonicbathand(ii)byimpregnation-deposition.Thefirstpreparationleadstolargerparticles,withaveragesizeofaround11nm,whilethesecondpreparationleadstosmallerparticles,withaveragesizearound4nm.Thecatalyticmembranesweretestedasprepared,afterthermaltreatmentinairandafterfurtherpre-reductionwithH_2inmild(100℃)conditions.SampleswerecharacterizedbyTEM,CO-chemisorptionmonitoredbyDRIFTSmethodandTPR,whilecatalytictestshavebeenperformedinasemi-batchrecirculationmembranereactor.Experimentalcatalyticresultswereanalysedusingtwokineticsmodelstoderivethereactionconstantsfortheparallelandconsecutivereactionsofthekineticnetwork.SmallerparticlesofPdshowlowerselectivityduetothehigherrateofparallelcombustion,evenifthebetterdispersionofPdandthushighermetalsurfaceareainthesampleleadtoaproductivityinH_2O_2similarorevenhigherthanthesamplewiththelargerPdparticles.IndependentlyonthepresenceofsmallerorlargerPdnanoparticles,anoxidationtreatmentleadstoasignificantenhancementintheproductivity,althoughthecatalystprogressivelyreducesduringthecatalyticprocess.Theinhibitionoftheparallelcombustionreaction(towater)inducedfromthecalcinationtreatmentremainsafterthein-situreductionoftheoxidizedPdspeciesformedduringthepre-treatment.Thisislikelyduetotheeliminationofdefectsiteswhichdissociativelyactivateoxygen,andtentativelyattributedtoPdsitesabletogivethree-andfour-foldcoordinationofCO.

简介：Variousagriculturalcropresiduesincludingcornstover,corncob,andsorghumstalkwithamoisturecontentof75wt%weresubjectedtoalongpretreatment(12-60h)withsupercriticalCO2(scCO2),atlowtemperature(50-80℃)andapressureof17.5-25.0Mpa.Thesugaryieldsfromtheenzymatichydrolysis(EH)ofthepretreatedsampleswereasmuchasthree-tofourfoldgreaterthanthoseaffordedbytherawmaterials.However,whenpretreatmentwasconductedwithinashorttime(e.g.0.5h),aspreviouslyreportedintheliterature,onlyaslightincreaseintheEHsugaryieldswasobserved.TheproposedscCO2pretreatmentmechanismdemonstratedtheroleofmoistureinthesystem.Wetting,softening,andswellingwereobservedtomainlyaffectthelignocellulosewhenasuitableamountofwaterwasadded.Finally,thesampleswereanalysedbyX-raydiffractionandscanningelectronmicroscopy,beforeandafterpretreatment,toinvestigatethechangesinthemicroscopicstructureofthebiomass.

简介：AIMTo估计intravitrealtriamcinoloneacetonide(IVTA)的可能的好处注射作为为在有糖尿病的有斑点的浮肿(DME)的病人的有斑点的激光光致疑结(MLP)的预告的处理，.METHODSPublished使随机化有关MLP与或没有为DME的IVTA预告的处理的控制试用(RCT)从数据库CNKI被检索，Medline，EMbase，科学的网，和Cochrane图书馆。合格研究上的元分析用RevMan5.0软件被进行。二个调查者独立地估计了试用的质量并且提取了数据。主要结果措施在最好改正的视觉尖酸(BCVA)包括了变化，在中央有斑点的厚度(CMT)的差别并且不利事件报导特别地在后续时期以内提高了intraocular压力。结果用重量平均数差别(WMD)或机会风险被分享(或)与他们的相应95%信心间隔(CI)。改正效果或随机效果的模型被采用trials.RESULTSFinally取决于包括的异质，五独立RCT被识别并且使用了独自与MLP把MLP与IVTA预告的处理(131只眼睛)作比较(133只眼睛，控制组)。全面学习质量根据修改Jadad规模是相对更高的。元分析证明有IVTA预告的处理的MLP显著地在一，三和六个月减少了CMT(P=0.002，0.0003和0.04，分别地)，与MLP相比独自一个。IVTA预告的处理组证明在在一个月的BCVA的统计上重要的改进列在后面在上面作为与控制组(P=0.03)相比。在三月、六月列在后面在上面，向没有在组之间的统计意义，在IVTA预告的处理组改进视觉尖酸有一个有益的趋势(P=0.06并且0.20，分别地)。intraocular压力的举起的发生比在控制组在IVTA预告的处理组是显著地更高的(P<；0.0001)。出版偏爱的证据都不根据Begg的测试和Egger的测试是在场的。有在包括的studies.CONCLUSIONThis元分析的异质的底层显示有IVTA预告的处理的MLP以CMT有更好治疗学的效果减小并且更早(1mo)为有DME的病人的视觉改进

简介：BACKGROUND:Nerveallograftrejectionisanunavoidableproblemfornerveallografts.Traumaticperipheralnerveinjuriesarecommonlyreconstructedusingautogenousnervegrafts.However,thisformofreconstructionislimitedbyinsufficientautologousnervesforlargegaprepairsandbymorbidityatthenervedonorsite.OBJECTIVE:ToexaminesciaticnerveregenerationandimmunetolerancereactionafterintragastricadministrationofultravioletB-irradiated(UVB)donorsplenocytes.DESIGN,TIMEANDSETTING:Acompleterandomizedgroupingdesignandcontrolledexperiment.TheexperimentswereconductedintheDepartmentofOrthopedics,theFirstAffiliatedHospitaltoShanxiMedicalUniversity,China,betweenMarchandOctober2007.MATERIALS:FourteenadultmaleSDratsandfourteenmaleWistarrats,weighing250–300g,wererandomlymatchedasdonorsandacceptors.AfurthersevenmaleSDrats(weight250–300g,age12–16weeks)wereusedfornerveisografts.ImmunepreparationsandtheEpicsXLflowcytometerwerepurchasedfromB-DCompany,USA.Acomputer-assistedelectromyographmachinewasprovidedbyKeypointP,DantelCompany,Denmark.METHODS:SplenocytesfromWistarratswereisolated,purified,andcultured,andthenirradiatedwithultravioletB.Inthefirstcontrolgroup(Group1),theSDratsreceivedasyngeneicSDnerveisograft.Inthesecondcontrolgroup(Group2),theSDratsreceivedanerveallograftfromWistarratswithoutpretreatment.Intheoral-tolerancetreatedgroup(Group3),theSDrecipientratswereinoculatedwith2.5×107LewisUVB-irradiateddonorsplenocytecellsbyintestinaltractadministrationatsevendaysbeforetransplantation.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:(1)Therecentendandthemiddleanddistalendofthetransplantednervewerecutat8and12weeksafteroperation.RecoveryofnerveregenerationwasmeasuredwithHEstainingusingthetotalnumber,density,anddiameterofthenervefibers.(2)ThelevelofCD25+Tlymphocytesinperipheralbloodwasdetec