简介:AIM:ToexplorethemolecularmechanismsinlensdevelopmentandthepathogenesisofPetersanomalyinSmad4defectivemice.METHODS:Le-CretransgenicmouselinewasemployedtoinactivateSmad4inthesurfaceectodermselectively.PathologicaltechniqueswereusedtorevealthemorphologicalchangesoftheanteriorsegmentinSmad4defectiveeye.ImmunohistochemicalstainingwasemployedtoobservetheexpressionofE-cadherin,Ncadherinanda-SMAinanteriorsegmentofSmad4defectivemiceandcontrolmiceatembryonic(E)day16.5.Real-timequantitativepolymerasechainreaction(qPCR)wasperformedtodetecttheexpressionofSnail,Zeb1,Zeb2andTwist2inlensofSmad4defectivemiceandcontrolmiceatE16.5.RESULTS:ConditionaldeletionofSmad4oneyesurfaceectodermresultedincorneaidysplasia,iridocornealangleclosure,corneolenticularadhesionsandcataractresemblingPetersanomaly.LossofSmad4functioninhibitedE-cadherinexpressioninthelensepitheliumcellsandcorneaiepitheliumcellsinSmad4defectiveeye.ExpressionofN-cadherinwasupregulatedincorneaiepitheliumandcorneaistroma.BothE-cadherinandN-cadherinweredown-regulatedatthefuturetrabecularmeshworkregioninmutanteye.TheqPCRresultsshowedthattheexpressionofTwist2wasincreasedsignificantlyinthemutantlens(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Smad4isessentialtoeyedevelopmentandlikelyacandidatepathogenicgenetoPetersanomalybyregulatingepithelial-mesenchymaltransition.Twist2canberegulatedbySmad4andplaysanessentialroleinlensdevelopment.
简介:Asamemberof1Dnanostructuredmaterials,theferromagneticandnonmagneticmultilayernanowiresexhibittremendouspotentialapplicationsinmanyfieldsduetotheiruniquemagneticandelectricalproperties.Thebasicpropertyofmultilayernanowirearrays,suchascoercivity,iscrucialimportantforthefutureapplication.Inordertoobtainthecoercivityinformation,besidesdirectlymeasuringitthroughexperiment,theoreticalcalculationalsoprovidesausefulandfastwaytoevaluatethemultilayer’scoervicity.Fig.1(a)and(b)demonstrateasinglemultilayernanowireandnanowirearraysembodiedinamatrix,respectively.Inthiswork,byimprovingPant’smodel,wedevelopedthenewmodelandsuccessfullypredictedtherelationshipbetweenthecoercivitychangingofCu/Nimultilayernanowirearraysandstructualparameters.Fig.
简介:摘要随着科学技术的不断发展,人们开始对于数据通信和多媒体需求也越来越大,自第四代移动通信技术的诞生,4G通信发展较快的速度和应用领域更加广泛,它在各个领域发展有着良好的前景,同时也将成为移动通信技术发展的领导者。特别是在光传输通信技术作为4G网络,研发创新和不断发展具有着非常重要的意义。
简介:摘要目的探究手术切除T4期肺癌的临床疗效。方法选择我院2011年5月至2015年12月收治的40例手术切除T4期肺癌患者为研究对象,总结这40例患者的资料,并且统计对患者生存率造成影响的因素,主要是治疗因素、病理因素以及临床因素等,对其进行统计、整理、分析以及比较。结果这40例手术切除T4期肺癌患者,年龄小于63岁的患者在手术之后三年或者是五年里存活率明显高于大于63岁的患者的存活率,手术中全部切除的患者在手术之后三年或者是五年里存活率明显高于手术中部分切除患者的存活率,根治切除的患者在手术之后三年或者是五年里存活率明显高于手术中没有根治切除患者的存活率,有淋巴结转移现象的患者在手术之后三年或者是五年里存活率明显高于手术中没有淋巴结转移现象患者的存活率。结论手术切除T4期肺癌患者预后直接和根治切除与否、淋巴结手否转移、手术切除的范围以及患者的年龄有关系。