简介:InthispaperitturnsoutthataBanachlatticeXisorderisomorphictol~1(Γ)forsomenonemptysetΓiffitisaSchurspaceandalltheinfinitelydimensional,separableandclosedidealsofXareorderisomorphic.
简介:摘要:组织结构是企业管理存在的基础,是企业管理系统总体框架,是企业经营发展实现战略目标的载体和手段,承载着企业运营过程中各种流程的落地。如果企业的组织结构不能适应内外部环境,不能适应企业文化,不能适应企业战略、人员素质以及企业规模和企业生活周期及技术水平,将难以长久良性的经营和发展下去。本文以L公司组织结构作为研究对象,系统地分析了L公司现行组织结构运营过程中存在的问题及其原因,有针对的提出了取舍部门简化大组织结构、选择矩阵式组织结构优化品牌管理部门、销售大区选择事业部制组织结构提升区域管理水平等组织结构优化方案有效实施的保障措施,更好地适应环境变化、提升组织效率、促进企业健康良性发展。
简介:采用热甩尾测痛法观察全身应用非特异性一氧化氮合酶(nitricoxidesynthase,NOS)抑制剂-N^ω-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯(L—NAME)对吗啡镇痛耐受形成的影响,并通过观察脊髓和中脑神经元型NOS(nNOS)和N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)受体亚单位表达的变化来阐释一氧化氮(nitricoxide,NO)/NMDA受体在吗啡镇痛耐受形成中的作用。将36只健康成年SD大鼠平均分为6组(每组6只):1组为对照组,皮下注射生理盐水1ml;2组、3组、4组、5组和6组为处理组,分别皮下注射L—NAME10mg/kg、L—NAME20mg/kg、吗啡10ms/kg、L—NAME10mg/kg和吗啡10mg/kg、L—NAME20mg/kg和吗啡10mg/kg,每天2次。在注射前测量大鼠的热甩尾潜伏期(tail—flicklatency,TFL)基础值,随后每天第一次给药后50min测量其TFL。第8天最后一次给药后80min(除2组和5组之外)断头取脊髓和中脑,采用RT—PCR技术测量nNOS以及NMDA受体1A和2A亚单位的表达。结果显示,2组大鼠第1天至第7天的TFL与基础值相比无显著差异;第7天时3组的TFL仍显著性高于基础值;4组的TFL在第1天时最高,在第2至第6天期间逐渐降低,第6天时与基础值相比无显著性差异;5组的TFL在实验过程中呈下降趋势,虽然第7天时较第1天有所降低,但是仍然显著性高于基础值;6组的TFL变化趋势与5组相同。PT—PCR分析结果显示,与1组相比,3组脊髓和中脑的nNOSmRNA表达显著性降低,但NR1AmRNA和NR2AmRNA表达无显著性改变;
简介:AbstractObjective:To investigate the relationship between the concentration of L-carnitine in semen and sperm parameters and investigate the epigenetic profile in sperm cell after L-carnitine usage.Methods:From February 2017 to February 2018, 46 semen samples from asthenospermic males and 41 semen samples from healthy donors were acquired. Motility parameters were assessed using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA, n = 78) and the DNA fragmentation index (DFI) was evaluated through flow cytometry (n = 86), %DFI = % cells outside main population. Other oxidative stress markers, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels (n = 86) and the mitochondria DNA copy numbers, were detected (n = 78). The concentration of L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine was detected (n = 82), and methylation was analyzed (n = 30). After that, we collected 13 fresh semen samples from asthenospermic males and 23 fresh semen samples from healthy donors. These samples were used in a freeze-thaw model that was used to determine whether adding L-carnitine could change sperm progressive motility (n = 23), apoptosis index (n = 9), and methylation analysis (n = 7). In total, we have done 13 asthenospermia samples for Western blot, and except for the poor Western result, we analyzed 6 samples for H3K9ac detection, 7 samples for H3K9m3 and H3K27m3 detection, and immunofluorescence (n = 3). Finally, we had recruited 30 volunteers, and they were given oral administration of L-carnitine for 3 months and then collected semen samples at different time points for methylation analysis.Results:The concentration of acetyl-L-carnitine is negatively correlated with the %DFI value (r2 = 0.1090; P = 0.0026), and the concentration of acetyl-L-carnitine is positively correlated with sperm forward motility (r2 = 0.0543; P = 0.0458) and ROS (r2 = 0.1854; P < 0.0001), and the acetyl-L-carnitine level is negatively correlated with %DFI in asthenospermia (r2 = 0.1701; P = 0.0066), and the level of acetyl-L-carnitine in asthenospermic semen is significantly lower than the normal group (P = 0.0419). In addition, this study indicates that adding L-carnitine significantly improved sperm motility (P = 0.0325) and reduced sperm apoptosis (P = 0.0032). Importantly, Western blotting (P = 0.0429) and immunofluorescence staining results showed that the addition of L-carnitine reduced H3K9Me3 methylation level in sperm, respectively. Furthermore, semen samples from asthenospermic patients had reduced methylation levels in a specific region (16thP= 0.0003; 17thP= 0.0016) of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promoter. The 16th methylation decreased with age (r2 = 0.1564; P = 0.0306), and the 17th methylation was decreased after treatment with L-carnitine for 28 days (P = 0.0341).Conclusion:L-carnitine can reduce the %DFI and also affect the methylation of the histone modification marker in sperm as a possible epigenetic regulator.
简介:GivenacontinuousfunctionfdefinedontheunitcubeofRnandaconvexfunctiont,t(0)-0,t(x)>0,forx>0,weprovethatthesetofbestLt-approximationsbymonotonefunctionshasexactlyoneelementft,whichisalsoacontinuousfunction.Moreoverifthefamilyofconvexfunctions{t}t>0convergesuniformlyoncompactsetstoafunction0,thenthebestapproximationft→f0uniformly,ast→0,wherefoisthebestapproximationoffwithintheOrliczspaceL0Thebestapproxima-tions{ft}areobtainedaswellasminimizingintegralsortheLuxemburgnorm