简介:Thesimplelinearrelationshipbetweenclear-skyplanetaryandsurfacealbedocanbeadoptedforcertainaccuracy.Therearedifferentparameterizationschemesofatmosphericcorrectionfordifferentretrievalmodels.Inthispaper,severalrepresentativeretrievalmodelsarecomparedandtestedwithobservationaldatafromHEIhebasinFieldExperiment(HEIFE)inwesternChina.Someevaluationsandsuggestionsonimprovementareproposedformodelswhichwouldbemoreapplicabletoplateauandaridareas.
简介:在弄平的粒子水动力学(SPH)方法,一个无网孔的插值计划为未知功能被需要以便discretize管理方程。一个粒子近似方法到目前为止被用于这个目的。传统的粒子插值(TPI)简单、容易做,但是它的低精确性成为了一个障碍到它的更宽的申请。这能在粒子混乱安排和衍生物计算的情况中被看见。有许多不同方法改进精确性,与动人的最少的平方(MLS)方法一最重要的无网孔的插值方法。不幸地,它要求复杂矩阵计算那么是相当费时间的。作者开发了一个更简单的计划,叫的高顺序的粒子插值(HPI)。这个计划能比MLS方法,和它的函数值得到更精确的衍生物,衍生物能同时被获得。尽管这个计划为SPH方法被开发,它为另外的无网孔的方法被发现有用。
简介:Pre-mRNAsplicingisafundamentalprocessrequiredfortheexpressionofmostmetazoangenes.Itiscarriedoutbythespliceosomethatcatalyzestheremovalofnon-codingintronsequencestoligateexonsintomaturemRNApriortotransportandtranslation.Thepurposeofourstudyistoexplorewhethertheinvitrounlabeledpre-mRNAsplicingassaycouldbeperformedasanalternativemethodofsplicingreactionotherthantheradiolabeledone.Twodifferentsplicingmethodsinvitro,Plabeledandunlabeledpre-mRNAasthesubstratesinthereaction,wereinvestigated.TheradiolabeledproductswerevisualizedbyautoradiographywhiletheunlabeledproductswereobservedbyEthidiumBromide(EB)staining.Asaresult,althoughtherearemoreunspecificbandsintheEBstainingassaythan32Plabeledone,theRNAproductsofinvitrosplicingcouldbeobservedclearly.Thissuggeststhattheunlabeledpre-mRNAsplicingassaycanbeanoptionalsubstitutionfortheisotope-labeledassay.
简介:Threeextractionmethods,ultrasonicassistedextraction(USE),microwaveassistedextraction(MSE),andconventionalsingleextraction(CSE),inconjunctionwiththemodifiedthree-stageBCRsequentialextractionprocedure(SEP)wereappliedtoexaminethecontentsofCd,Cu,Cr,Ni,PbandZnfromlakesedimentsamples,toknowwhetherthesetechniquescanreduceextractiontimeandimprovereproducibility.TheSEPanddevelopedalternativesingleextrac-tionmethodswerevalidatedbytheanalysisofcertifiedreferencematerialBCR601.Bytheuseofoptimizedsonicationandmicrowaveconditions,steps1,2and3oftheBCRsequentialextractionmethods(excludingthehydrogenperoxidedigestioninstep3,whichwasnotperformedwithsonicationandmicrowave)couldbecompletedin15-30minand60-150s,respectively.TherecoveriesoftotalextractablemetalcontentsinBCR601,obtainedbythreesingleextractionsrangedfrom93.3%-102%,88.9%-104%and81.2%-96.2%forCSE,USEandMSE,respectively.Theprecisionofthesingleextractionmethodswasfoundintherangeof3.7%-9.4%forallmetals(n=6).
简介:InordertocompareandevaluatethreeanimalmodelsforstudyingthepathogenicityofStaphylococcusepidermidisstrains,threeexperimentalanimalmodels,namely,murineintra-venousLD50,mouseforeignbodyinfectionandratcentralvenouscatheter(CVC)infectionmodelswereusedtoassesstherelativevirulenceoftwoS.epidermidisstrains,ATCC12228and97-337.Theresultsfromthreeanimalmodelswerecomparable,indicatingS.epidermidis97-337wasmorevirulentthanstrainATCC12228.TheratCVCinfectionmodelbestmimickedtheconditionsofclinicalpatientswithintmvenonscatheters,andmoreinformationcouldbeobtainedfromthismodel.Weconcludethatdifferentinvivomodelsservefordif-ferentpurposes,andtheratCVCinfectionmodelismostsuitableforstudyingspecificcharacteristicsofcatheterrelatedinfectionscausedbyS.epidermidisstratus.
简介:最近,新大气的总环流大气环流当模特儿(GAMIL:国际机场LASG的格子点大气的模型)在大气的物理(国际机场)的研究所被开发了,中国科学院(CAS),它基于社区大气的模型版本2(CAM2)大气的研究(NCAR)的国家中心。自从二,模型有一样的物理过程但是不同动态核心,内部二个模型的年度可变性模拟表演被比较。整体途径被用来减少模型内部可变性。一般来说,二个模型的模拟表演是类似的。两个模型在模仿全部的时空可变性和南部的摆动索引有好性能。GAMIL比GAMIL的内部可变性有的CAM2,和模型在东方亚洲冬季发行量模拟更好表现对比CAM2的外部强迫的更好的回答。这些显示动态核心的改进是很重要的。比在低纬度在中间和高纬度有更少的可预测性,这也被验证。
简介:Objective:Toprovideanewmethodtoestimatetheeffectivenessofthoracolumbarvertebralfiniteelementmodel.Methods:amechanicalmodelofhumanthoracolumbarvertebraemotionsegmentwasmadeusingthree-dimensionalfiniteelementmethodandthestressdistributionofverticallycompressedthoracolumbarvertebraewasanalyzed,meanwhile,20patientswithburstfractureofthoracolumbarvertebraeweretestedbyCTtocalculatedaverageCTvalueatascertaineddifferentpointsofthoracolumbarvertebrae.Thecalculatedresultsandeffectivestressatthesamepositionwereanalyzedwithstraightlinecorrelation.Results:ThestresslevelofdifferentpositionofthoracolumbarvertebraeunderverticalcompressiveforcewaspositivelycorrelatedwiththecorrelativeCTvalue,andtheregressivestyle,Y-214.028±45.268x,r=0.7386,P<0.05(N=8)showedastatisticalsignificance.Conclusions:Tostudymechanismofthoracolumbarvertebraeinjuriesunderdifferentforceshasclinicalsignificance.
简介:SequencevariationofpartialcytochromebgenesbetweentwoCoiliaspecies,C.ectenesandC.mystus,wasinvestigated.Ofthe402nucleotides,twenty-seven(6.72%)arepolymorphicandallaresynonymoussubstitutions.Atthethirdpositionsofgeneticcondonofcytochromebgene,thetwospeciesshowanextremeanti-Gbias(<4%)andapronouncedbiastowardsAandC(>68%).Thereisnoaminoacidsequencedivergencebetweenthepartialcytochromebgenesofthetwospecies,indicatingaclosegeneticrelationshipbetweenthem.Thek-2pgeneticdistanceofpartialcytochromebsegmentofthetwospeciesis0.072,suggestingthatthespecieswereseparated3.6Maago,inthemiddlePliocene.Ourresultrevealsthatthecytochromebgeneisanappropriatemarkerforstudiesofpopulationgeneticstructuresandphylogeographicpatternsofthetwospecies.
简介:AIM:Todeterminethecorrelationbetweenthehepaticvenouspressuregradientandtheendoscopicgradeofesophagealvarices.METHODS:FromSeptember2009toMarch2013,atotalof176measurementsofhepaticvenouspressuregradient(HVPG)weredonein146patients.EachtransjugularHVPGwasmeasuredtwice,firstusinganendwholecatheter(EH-HVPG),andthenusingaballooncatheter(B-HVPG).TheHVPGwascomparedwiththeendoscopicgradeofesophagealvarices(accordingtothegeneralrulesforrecordingendoscopicfindingsofesophagogastricvarices),whichwasrecordedwithinamonthofthemeasurementofHVPG.RESULTS:Thestudyincluded110menand36women,withameanageof56.1years(range,43-76years).Thetechnicalsuccessrateofthepressuremeasurementswas100%andtherewerenocomplicationrelatedtotheprocedures.MeanHVPGwas15.3mmHgasmeasuredusingtheendholecathetermethodand16.5mmHgasmeasuredusingtheballooncathetermethod.MeanHVPG(bothEHHVPGandB-HVPG)wasnotsignificantlydifferentamongpatientswithdifferentcharacteristics,includingsexandcomorbidfactors,exceptforcaseswithhepatocellularcarcinoma(B-HVPG,P=0.01;EH-HVPG,P=0.02).Portalhypertension(>12mmHgHVPG)occurredin66%ofpatientsaccordingtoEH-HVPGand83%ofpatientsaccordingtoB-HVGP,andsignificantlycorrelatedwithChild’sstatus(B-HVPG,P<0.000;EHHVGP,P<0.000)andesophagealvariesobserveduponendoscopy(EH-HVGP,P=0.003;B-HVGP,P=0.006).Onehundredandthirty-fiveendoscopieswereperformed,ofwhich15showednormalfindings,27showedgrade1endoscopicesophagealvarices,49showedgrade2varices,and44showedgrade3varices.WhencomparingendoscopicesophagealvaricealgradesandHVPGusingunivariateanalysis,thePvaluewas0.004forEH-HVPGand0.002forB-HVPG.CONCLUSION:BothEH-HVPGandB-HVPGshowedapositivecorrelationwiththeendoscopicgradeofesophagealvarices,withB-HVPGshowingastrongercorrelationthanEH-HVPG.
简介:瞄准:与胆汁的病理为pyogenic肝脓肿(PLA)调查可行性和laparoscopic外科的治疗学的效果。方法:从2004年1月到2010年10月,有与胆汁的病理会议入口标准相结合的PLA的31个病人在我们的医院里收到了外科的管理。31个病人,13经历了laparoscopic外科(LS组),18经历了开的外科(OS组)。包括操作时间,intraoperative血损失,手术后的复杂并发症率,一些手术后的医院停留,和脓肿复发率的临床的数据回顾地在二个组之间被分析并且比较。结果:所有病人收到了全身的抗菌素治疗。四个病人在手术前经历了指导超声的经皮的导管排水。手术后的复杂并发症发生在5个病人(16.1%,5/31)在LS组包括2并且3在OS组。一个病人在OS组在普通胆汁管和另一吃的肝脓肿复发保留了演算。没有保留的演算和肝脓肿复发发生在LS组。在二个组,在perioperative时期期间没有死亡。在时间,intraoperative血损失和输送,手术后的复杂并发症率和脓肿复发在二个组之间评估的操作没有重要差别。口头的吸入更早(1.9
简介:Hausdorffdistancebetweentwocompactsets,definedasthemaximumdistancefromapointofonesettoanotherset,hasmanyapplicationincomputerscience.Itisagoodmeasureforthesimilarityoftwosets.ThispaperprovesthattheshapedistancebetweentwocompactsetsinR~ndefinedbyminimumHausdorffdistanceunderrigidmotionsisadistance.Theauthorsintroducesimilaritycomparisonproblemsinproteinscience,andproposethatthismeasuremayhavegoodapplicationtocomparisonofproteinstructureaswell.Forcalculationofthisdistance,theauthorsgiveonedimensionalformulasforproblems(2,n),(3,3),and(3,4).Theseformulascanreducetimeneededforsolvingtheseproblems.Theauthorsdidsomenumericalexperimentsfor(2,n).Onthesesetsofdata,thisformulacanreducetimeneededtoonefifteenthofthebestalgorithmsknownonaverage.Asnincreases,itwouldsavemoretime.
简介:Onthebasisofthetechnologicalrouteofseismichazardanalysis,themethodsfordeterminingseismicityparameters,suchasbvalue,annualoccurrencerate,andtheseismicspatialdistributionfunction,arediscussed.Then,theseismicintensityzoninginPanxiareainSouthwestChinaiscarriedoutbyapplyingthe"logical-tree,"whichismadeupofmulti-parameterschemes.Itisclearlyshownfromtheresultsthatseismicintensityzoningisinfluencedbymanyuncertainfactorsanditisnecessarytoseekacertainbalancebetweenseismicsafetyandinvestmentinterestandagoodway,withthepresentlimitedknowledgelevel,toobtainseismicintensityzoningisthroughthe"logical-tree"method.
简介:Litopenaeusvannamei,aeuryhalinespecies,canbeculturedatawiderangeofsalinities.Theemergenceoffreshwaterpond-cultureofL.vannameiisanimportantpreludetothecontinueddevelopmentofshrimpcultureinChina.Inthisstudy,wecomparedtherespiratorymetabolismofjuvenileL.vannameiculturedinfreshwaterandsaltwaterbymeasuringtheiroxygenconsumptionrate(OCR),ammonium-typenitrogenexcretionrate(AER)andpyruvatekinase(PK)andlactatedehydrogenase(LDH)activitiesatdifferentmoltingstagesinordertophysiecologicallycharacterizejuvenileL.vannameiunderfreshwaterconditions.TheresultsshowedthatOCRwassignificantlyhigherinsaltwaterthaninfreshwateratallstagesofmoltingcycle.However,variationofOCRamongmoltingstagesinsaltwaterwassimilarwiththatinfreshwater,andthehighestOCRwasobservedatpost-moltingstage.Atallstagesofmoltingcycle,AERwassignificantlyhigherinfreshwaterthaninsaltwater,andthehighestwasobservedatpost-moltingstage.TheactivityofPKwassignificantlyhigherinsaltwaterthaninfreshwater.Conversely,theactivityofLDHwashigherinfreshwaterthaninsaltwateringeneral.SignificantvariationofPKandLDHactivitiesinmoltingcyclewasobservedinsaltwaterandfreshwater.TheresultsindicatedthataerobicmetabolismofjuvenileL.vannameiwasmoreactiveinsaltwaterthaninfreshwater;whileitsproteinmetabolismwasmoreactiveinfreshwaterthaninsaltwater.
简介:Brassinosteroid(BR)andgibberellin(GA)aretwopredominantplanthormonesthatregulateplantcellelongation.Mutantsdisruptthebiosynthesisofthesehormonesanddisplaydifferentdegreesofdwarfphenotypesinrice.Althoughtheroleofeachplanthormoneinpromotingthelongitudinalgrowthofplantshasbeenextensivelystudiedusinggeneticmethods,theirrelationshipisstillpoorlyunderstood.Inthisstudy,weusedtwospecificinhibitorstargetingBRandGAbiosynthesistoinvestigatetherolesofBRandGAingrowthofriceseedlings.Yucaizol,aspecificinhibitorofBRbiosynthesis,andTrinexapac-ethyl,acommerciallyavailableinhibitorofGAbiosynthesis,wereused.TheeffectofYucaizolonriceseedlingsindicatedthatYucaizolsignificantlyretardedstemelongation.TheIC50valuewasfoundtobeapproximately0.8μmol/L.Yucaizolalsoinducedsmallleafanglephenocopyinriceseedlings,similarlytoBR-deficientrice,whileTrinexapac-ethyldidnot.WhenYucaizolcombinedwithTrinexapac-ethylwasappliedtothericeplants,themixtureofthesetwoinhibitorsretardedstemelongationofriceatlowerdoses.OurresultssuggestthattheuseofaBRbiosynthesisinhibitorcombinedwithaGAbiosynthesisinhibitormaybeusefulinthedevelopmentofnewtechnologiesforcontrollingriceplantheight.
简介:Inrecentyears,ChineseprivateinvestmentinSHP(smallhydropower)hasbeenboominglikemushroomsafterrain.Globally,manydevelopingcountrieshaveformulatedaseriesofincentivepoliciestoencouragethemobilizationofprivatecapitalforSHP,buttherecentenforcementisfarfrommeetingexpectation.ThisarticleoverviewsprivateenterprisesinvestinginSHPdomestically,analyzessimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenChinaandinternationalcommunities,aswellasthecomparabilityandmutualreferentialvalues,andalsoexploressomeapproachesforimprovementFurthermore,thisarticlepresentsseveralparticularissuesinthisrespect,withahopetofurtherpromotethesounddevelopmentofSHPprivatelyfinanced.Attachedhereare2tablesand2figures.