简介：Themagneticimprovisedexplosivedevices(IEDs),alsocommonlyknownasatypeofastickybomb,issimplyconstructeddevicesyetverylethal.Thispaperputsforwardtheideaofanelectroniccompassthatiscapableofsensingthechangeofamagneticfieldgeneratedbyamagnetandtranslatingitintointerpretabledata,whichcouldactasthebaseforthefurtherstudiesandassistindevelopingagreenerautomatedsystemfordetectingthisdevice.Theelectroniccompassisspecificallychosenforreducingpowerconsumptionofsystemsinadditiontothefactthatitisavailableatalowcost.

简介：Byintroducingamobilityanchorpoint(MAP),hierarchicalmobileIPv6(HMIPv6)reducesthebindingupdatesignalingcostassociatedwithmobileIPv6,buttherestillexistdeficiencies.Forinstance,amobilenode(MN)needstoorderlyaccomplishtwobindingupdateswiththeMAPandhomeagent(HA)whentheMNperformsinter-MAPmobility.Thisresultsinahighsignalingcost,thusaffectingnetworkperformance.Toreducetheinter-MAPbindingupdatecostofidleMNinHMIPv6,anoptimizationschemebasedonpointerforwardingwithathresholdisproposed.TheschemecanreducesthebindingupdatecostofidleMNbyusingthebindingupdatebetweenMAPtoreplaceseveralhomebindingupdates.Thesignalingcostdifferenceisderivedbyanalyzingthecostofthebasicschemeandtheoptimizationschemebetweentwosuccessivesessions.Simulationresultsshowthat,theoptimizationschemecanreducethebindingupdatesignalingcostandimprovethenetworkperformanceaslongasasuitablethresholdischosen.Thediscussionsonthesensitivityoftele-parametersarealsogiven.

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简介：摘要: 围绕美国学者Edward William Dolch归纳总结的sight words展开探究，通过在小学六年级开展专门的sight words教学，把实验班和对照班在实验前后阅读效率测试的结果进行对比，旨在探究开展sight words教学对小学低年段学生英语阅读效率的影响。研究结果表明，在接受sight words教学后，学生的英语阅读效率得到提升。

简介：AbstractBackground:Nucleic acid test (NAT) could effectively control the spread of COVID-19 caused by large-scale sports competitions. However, quantitative analysis on the appropriate frequency of NAT is scarce, and the cost-effectiveness and necessity of high-frequency NAT remain to be fully explored and validated. This study aims to optimize the COVID-19 surveillance strategies through cost-effectiveness analysis for the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games and the upcoming Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games.Methods:A total of 18 scenarios were designed regarding the NAT frequency, symptom monitoring, and strengthening close-contact control. An agent-based stochastic dynamic model was used to compare the cost-effectiveness of different NAT scenarios and optimize the surveillance strategies. The dynamics of the proposed model included the arrival and departure of agents, transmission of the disease according to Poisson processes, and quarantine of agents based on regular NATs and symptom onset. Accumulative infections, cost, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) were simulated in the frame of the model. ICER was used to compare the cost-effectiveness of different scenarios. Univariate sensitivity analysis was performed to test the robustness of the results.Results:In Scenario 16, where the competition-related personnel (CRP) received NAT daily and national sports delegation (NSD) with quarantined infections accepted an additional NAT daily, accumulative infection was 320.90 (90 initial infections), the total cost was (United States Dollar) USD 8 920 000, and the cost of detecting out each infection was USD 27 800. Scenario 16 would reduce the total cost by USD 22 570 000 (avoid 569.61 infections), USD 1 420 000 (avoid 47.2 infections) compared with Scenario 10 (weekly NAT, strengthened close contact control) and Scenario 7 (daily NAT, no strengthened close contact control), respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed that the result was most sensitive to the change in basic reproductive number.Conclusions:High-frequency NATs such as bidaily, daily, and twice a day were cost-effective. NAT daily for CRP with strengthening close-contact control could be prioritized in defense against COVID-19 at large-scale sports competitions. This study could assist policymakers by assessing the cost-effectiveness of NAT scenarios and provide the host country with an optimal COVID-19 surveillance strategy.

简介：Afewclassesoforganiccompoundsarepromisingelectrode-activematerialsduetotheirhighpowerandenergydensities,lowcost,environmentalfriendliness,andfunctionality.Inthepresentwork,thepossibilityofusingKlasonligninextractedfrombuckwheathusksasacathode-activematerialforaprimarylithiumbatteryhasbeeninvestigatedforthefirsttime.Thereactionmechanisminthelithium/ligninelectrochemicalcellwassuggestedbasedonthedeepgalvanostaticdischarge(upto0.005V)dataandcyclicvoltammetryresults.ThedependenceoftheelectrochemicalbehavioroftheKlasonligninonthemillingdegreewasevaluated.Themaximumspecificcapacityoftheligninisequalto600mAhg-1atadischargecurrentdensityof75μAcm-2.BeneficialeffectofthethermaltreatmentoftheKlasonlignincathodeat250°Conthecellperformancewasestablished.Itwasfoundthatthedischargecapacityofthecellincreasedby30%intherangefrom3.3to0.9Vforthetreatedcathodematerial.TheseresultsdemonstratetheprospectsofusingKlasonlignin-basedelectrochemicalcellsaslow-rateprimarypowersources.

简介：EllipticPDE-constrainedoptimalcontrolproblemswithL^1-controlcost(L^1-EOCP)areconsidered.TosolveL^1-EOCP,theprimal-dualactiveset(PDAS)method,whichisaspecialsemismoothNewton(SSN)method,usedtobeapriority.However,ingeneralsolvingNewtonequationsisexpensive.Motivatedbythesuccessofalternatingdirectionmethodofmultipliers(ADMM),weconsiderextendingtheADMMtoL^1-EOCP.TodiscretizeL^1-EOCP,thepiecewiselinearfiniteelement(FE)isconsidered.However,differentfromthefinitedimensionalL^1-norm,thediscretizedL^1-normdoesnothaveadecoupledform.Toovercomethisdifficulty,aneffectiveapproachisutilizingnodalquadratureformulastoapproximatelydiscretizetheL^1-normandL^2-norm.Itisprovedthattheseapproximationstepswillnotchangetheorderoferrorestimates.Tosolvethediscretizedproblem,aninexactheterogeneousADMM(ihADMM)isproposed.DifferentfromtheclassicalADMM,theihADMMadoptstwodifferentweightedinnerproductstodefinetheaugmentedLagrangianfunctionintwosubproblems,respectively.Benefitingfromsuchdifferentweightedtechniques,twosubproblemsofihADMMcanbeefficientlyimplemented.Furthermore,theoreticalresultsontheglobalconvergenceaswellastheiterationcomplexityresultso(1/k)forihADMMaregiven.Inordertoobtainmoreaccuratesolution,atwo-phasestrategyisalsopresented,inwhichtheprimal-dualactiveset(PDAS)methodisusedasapostprocessoroftheihADMM.Numericalresultsnotonlyconfirmerrorestimates,butalsoshowthattheihADMMandthetwo-phasestrategyarehighlyefficient.

简介：Here,wereportthesynthesisofhardcarbonmaterials(RH)madefromnaturalricehuskthroughasinglepyrolysisprocessandtheirapplicationasananodeinsodium-ionbatteries.ThestudiesshowthattheelectrochemicalpropertiesofRHsareaffectedbythetreatmenttemperatures,whichdeterminethematerialsmorphology,inparticular,theirdegreeofgraphitizationandextentofcontinuouschannels(nanovoids).Thelatterareaccessibletosodiumionsandsignificantlycontributetochargestoragecapacityoftheproducedanodes.TheRHsobtainedat1600°Cdeliverthehighestreversiblecapacityof276mAhg-1mainlyduetoinsertionofsodiumionsintothenanovoids.Thisworkdeepensthebasicunderstandingoftheinfluenceofthecarbonizationtemperatureonthesodiumstoragemechanism.

简介：Withthemulti-tierpricingschemeprovidedbymostofthecloudserviceproviders（CSPs）,theclouduserstypicallyselectahighenoughtransmissionserviceleveltoensurethequalityofservice（QoS）,duetotheseverepenaltyofmissingthetransmissiondeadline.Thisleadstotheso-calledover-provisioningproblem,whichincreasesthetransmissioncostoftheclouduser.Giventhefactthatcloudusersmaynotbeawareoftheirtrafficdemandbeforeaccessingthenetwork,theover-provisioningproblembecomesmoreserious.Inthispaper,weinvestigatehowtoreducethetransmissioncostfromtheperspectiveofcloudusers,especiallywhentheyarenotawareoftheirtrafficdemandbeforethetransmissiondeadline.Thekeyideaistosplitalong-termtransmissionrequestintoseveralshortones.Byselectingthemostsuitabletransmissionservicelevelforeachshort-termrequest,acost-efiqcientinter-datacentertransmissionservicelevelselectionframeworkisobtained.Wefurtherformulatethetransmissionservicelevelselectionproblemasalinearprogrammingproblemandresolveitinanon-linestylewithLyapunovoptimization.Weevaluatetheproposedapproachwithrealtrafficdata.Theexperimentalresultsshowthatourmethodcanreducethetransmissioncostbyupto65.04%.

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简介：这篇论文与时间延期和一个给定的二次的费用函数为不明确的分离T-S模糊系统的一个类考虑保证费用控制问题。为如此的控制器的存在的足够的条件基于不平等(LMI)由构造功能的特定的非二次的Lyapunov-Krasovskii和一条非线性的象PDC一样控制法律接近的线性矩阵被导出。一个凸的优化问题也被提出选择最小化靠近环的费用功能的上面的界限的最佳的保证费用控制器。最后，数字例子被举表明建议途径的有效性。

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简介：Thispaperproposesanonmonotonicbacktrackingtrustregionalgorithmviabilevellinearprogrammingforsolvingthegeneralmulticommodityminimalcostflowproblems.Usingthedualitytheoryofthelinearprogrammingandconvextheory,thegeneralizeddirectionalderivativeofthegeneralmulticommodityminimalcostflowproblemsisderived.Theglobalconvergenceandsuperlinearconvergencerateoftheproposedalgorithmareestablishedundersomemildconditions.

简介：WedescribeandexperimentallydemonstrateameasuringtechniqueforMach–Zehnderinterferometer（MZI）basedintegratedphotonicbiochemicalsensors.OurtechniqueisbasedonthedirectmeasurementofphasechangesbetweenthearmsoftheMZI,achievedbysignalmodulationononeofthearmsoftheinterferometertogetherwithpseudoheterodynedetection,anditallowsustoavoidtheuseofcostlyequipmentsuchastunablelightsourcesorspectrumanalyzers.Theobtainedoutputsignalisintrinsicallyindependentofwavelength,powervariations,andglobalthermalvariations,makingitextremelyrobustandadequateforuseinrealconditions.Usingasilicon-on-insulatorMZI,wedemonstratethereal-timemonitoringofrefractiveindexvariationsandachieveadetectionlimitof4.1×10-6refractiveindexunits（RIU）.

简介：当岁月洗净铅华，斑驳的往事早已褪色，却依旧有一些人、一些事、一些物在记忆中留下了痕迹。任时光变迁，它们仍然无法轻易被埋葬。老院几乎承载了我所有的童年时光，在我记忆的扉页上渲染着生动的色彩。

简介：他和她之间的距离，最多不过三米。可他已足足走了五分钟。从姿态上看，他始终都在迈进；而从位置上看，他的缓慢就像阳光下的树影一般。一只大白猫甚至就把他当作了树，从窗台上蹦下，伸长雪白的脖子，缱绻地眯眼、抻腿，在他脚踝间穿来蹭去。

简介：瞄准：用液体血管注射剂硅酮与阴茎尺寸扩大报导我们的经验。方法：在2003年8月和2006年7月之间，324个人(意味着年龄35年，range19-65年)在阴茎柄的背面、侧面的方面上收到了在阴茎皮肤和阴茎海绵体之间的一系列液体硅酮皮下注射，在局部麻醉下面。数字相片拿的过程前并且过程以后(n=324)，并且阴茎轮廓大小(n=30)产出的客观结果。主观结果从病人和满足的搭挡证词被导出。后续平均20个月(范围1-36月)。结果：Threehundred和24个过程是主要扩大。大多数人(61%)结婚了，7%被他们的搭挡伴随，并且93%被割除。吝啬的测量阴茎圆周was9.5厘米(7.5-11.5厘米)预告的处理和12.1厘米(10.3-15.3厘米)处理以后(在直径的圆周和0.84厘米的27%的吝啬的增加)。病人和搭挡满足已经在开始的二治疗以后被表示。性欲活动能在8h以后被恢复。复杂并发症(温和檫伤)容易被解决。结论：阴茎尺寸扩大使用液体血管注射剂硅酮没有立即或短期的复杂并发症产出很令人满意的短期的结果。