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  • 简介:摘要:Sight Words视觉词还可以叫做高频词,意思是英语读物里面出现次数最多的词汇,在英语教科书以及图书里面的出现率可以达到60%-85%。若是没有掌握Sight Words视觉词,学生通常会由于不了解的单词过多而不能进入阅读,从而也就无法提升英语口语能力。

  • 标签: Sight Words 英语口语 提升策略
  • 作者: 张娜
  • 学科: 文化科学 > 教育学
  • 创建时间:2023-02-13
  • 出处:《中国教师》 2022年第19期
  • 机构:Abstract: According to Nida’s classification of culture, the thesis analyzes the translation methods Lin Yutang in his masterpiece Moment in Peking adopts when confronting special Chinese items in ecological, material, social, regional and linguistic culture. The author of the paper, based on considerable examples, reaches the conclusion: To disseminate Chinese culture more effectively, Lin employs transliteration and literal translation methods in most cases, with free translation as an aid. The paper would guide the students major in translation to choose proper translation methods as they go in for the translation of culture.
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  • 简介:摘要:国内国有大型工程建设项目EPC总承包通常为固定总价合同,由于目前招标市场主观及客观的原因,该模式存在一定风险分摊不均问题。本文介绍澳大利亚某项目独特的计价模式,为国有大型工程建设项目EPC总承包合同计价调整措施提供思路,以降低自然、法律、政策和经济方面的风险,推进造价管理机制创新。

  • 标签: 风险分摊 固定总价激励(Incentivized Target Cost) 计价模式 大型工程建设项目
  • 简介:AbstractBackground:Nucleic acid test (NAT) could effectively control the spread of COVID-19 caused by large-scale sports competitions. However, quantitative analysis on the appropriate frequency of NAT is scarce, and the cost-effectiveness and necessity of high-frequency NAT remain to be fully explored and validated. This study aims to optimize the COVID-19 surveillance strategies through cost-effectiveness analysis for the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games and the upcoming Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games.Methods:A total of 18 scenarios were designed regarding the NAT frequency, symptom monitoring, and strengthening close-contact control. An agent-based stochastic dynamic model was used to compare the cost-effectiveness of different NAT scenarios and optimize the surveillance strategies. The dynamics of the proposed model included the arrival and departure of agents, transmission of the disease according to Poisson processes, and quarantine of agents based on regular NATs and symptom onset. Accumulative infections, cost, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) were simulated in the frame of the model. ICER was used to compare the cost-effectiveness of different scenarios. Univariate sensitivity analysis was performed to test the robustness of the results.Results:In Scenario 16, where the competition-related personnel (CRP) received NAT daily and national sports delegation (NSD) with quarantined infections accepted an additional NAT daily, accumulative infection was 320.90 (90 initial infections), the total cost was (United States Dollar) USD 8 920 000, and the cost of detecting out each infection was USD 27 800. Scenario 16 would reduce the total cost by USD 22 570 000 (avoid 569.61 infections), USD 1 420 000 (avoid 47.2 infections) compared with Scenario 10 (weekly NAT, strengthened close contact control) and Scenario 7 (daily NAT, no strengthened close contact control), respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed that the result was most sensitive to the change in basic reproductive number.Conclusions:High-frequency NATs such as bidaily, daily, and twice a day were cost-effective. NAT daily for CRP with strengthening close-contact control could be prioritized in defense against COVID-19 at large-scale sports competitions. This study could assist policymakers by assessing the cost-effectiveness of NAT scenarios and provide the host country with an optimal COVID-19 surveillance strategy.

  • 标签: Cost-effectiveness Sports competition Surveillance COVID-19 Nucleic acid test Stochastic dynamic model
  • 简介:AbstractBackground:Continuing progress in the global pediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) response depends on timely identification and care of infants with HIV. As countries scale-out improvements to HIV early infant diagnosis (EID), economic evaluations are needed to inform program design and implementation. This scoping review aimed to summarize the available evidence and discuss practical implications of cost and cost-effectiveness analyses of HIV EID.Methods:We systematically searched bibliographic databases (Embase, MEDLINE and EconLit) and grey literature for economic analyses of HIV EID in low- and middle-income countries published between January 2008 and June 2021. We extracted data on unit costs, cost savings, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios as well as outcomes related to health and the HIV EID care process and summarized results in narrative and tabular formats. We converted unit costs to 2021 USD for easier comparison of costs across studies.Results:After title and abstract screening of 1278 records and full-text review of 99 records, we included 29 studies: 17 cost analyses and 12 model-based cost-effectiveness analyses. Unit costs were 21.46-51.80 USD for point-of-care EID tests and 16.21-42.73 USD for laboratory-based EID tests. All cost-effectiveness analyses stated at least one of the interventions evaluated to be cost-effective. Most studies reported costs of EID testing strategies; however, few studies assessed the same intervention or reported costs in the same way, making comparison of costs across studies challenging. Limited data availability of context-appropriate costs and outcomes of children with HIV as well as structural heterogeneity of cost-effectiveness modelling studies limits generalizability of economic analyses of HIV EID.Conclusions:The available cost and cost-effectiveness evidence for EID of HIV, while not directly comparable across studies, covers a broad range of interventions and suggests most interventions designed to improve EID are cost-effective or cost-saving. Further studies capturing costs and benefits of EID services as they are delivered in real-world settings are needed.

  • 标签: Cost effectiveness Diagnostics Low- and middle-income countries Point of care Early infant diagnosis Health systems
  • 简介:摘 要:随着工程造价市场的不断深化改革,定额和工程造价资质的取消,工程造价咨询企业要“破茧重生”,工程造价数据库的建立显得十分重要。论文将工程造价咨询企业数据库的建立作为核心进行探究,首先简要介绍了工程造价数据库, 然后指出了数据库建立中存在的问题,最后提出了做好数据库建设的措施,希望能够为此类项目提供一定参考。

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  • 简介:【摘要】:前急救是急诊患者临床救治中的重要环节之一,在急救护理时,医护人员需要尽快完善病史询问、体征检查等,从而协助临床救助,为后续院内急救提供支持。但是由于急诊患者突然发病,发病场所不固定,加上部分患者出现意识不清、语言障碍、昏迷等症状,医护人员很难获得患者相关信息,影响救治效率。前急救护理流程的应用,可以提前做好急救准备,妥善安排救助措施,确保临床救治措施的有序开展,缩短急救时间,降低患者的死亡风险。文章主要针对前急救护理流程在前急救中的作用展开分析。

  • 标签: 院前急救护理 护理流程 院前急救
  • 简介:摘要目的探讨加强前急救护理管理在前救护中的应用效果。方法选取深圳市急救中心2020年10月至2021年5月304例前急救患者资料进行回顾性研究,随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组152例。观察组男80例、女72例,年龄(38.49±2.47)岁;对照组男78例、女74例,年龄(39.28±2.64)岁。对照组采取常规前急救护理管理,观察组采取加强前急救护理管理。对比两组急救所需时间、病死率以及护理满意度。统计学方法采用独立样本t检验、χ2检验。结果观察组转移回时间、达到患者处时间、出车反应时间均低于对照组[(6.28±2.12)min比(12.26±2.84)min、(7.64±2.18)min比(13.51±3.51)min、(2.12±0.57)min比(3.20±0.68)min],两组比较差异均有统计学意义(t=5.201、4.632、5.102,P=0.016、0.013、0.024);观察组病死率显著低于对照组[5.92%(9/152)比27.63%(42/152)](χ2=25.657,P<0.001);观察组护理满意度高于对照组[98.68%(150/152)比75.66%(115/152)](χ2=36.033,P<0.001)。结论通过加强前急救护理管理可有效缩短急救所需时间,降低病死率,提升家属的护理满意度。

  • 标签: 院前急救 急救所需时间 护理管理 应用效果 病死率 护理满意度
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  • 简介:【摘要】目的:探讨前急救护理在脑卒中患者前急救中的运用价值和意义。方法:80例行院前抢救的急性脑卒中患者按数字表法被分为观察组和对照组各40例。对照组实施常规护理,而观察组实施前急救护理,对比两组患者抢救有效率及并发症发生情况。结果:观察组抢救总有效率明显高于对照组(P

  • 标签: 院前急救护理 急性脑卒中 院前急救 有效率 并发症
  • 简介:摘要:前急救是对病危、重病、急病患者实施的紧急抢救,为患者提供特别的治疗,保证患者的生命安全,但在医院的急诊过程中,如果急救人员对急救过程中的操作和注意事项不熟悉,不仅不能及时进行抢救,还会延误抢救的时机。前急救在急诊医疗系统中占有举足轻重的地位,尤其是在突发疾病、意外创伤时,更是重中之重。那么,前急救原则和特点是什么?医院的急诊护理应怎样进行?下文将详细说明。

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  • 简介:摘要:目的 探讨前急救护理模式在脑卒中患者前急救中的影响。方法 选取2021.3~2022.3期间我院急诊科接收的50例脑卒中患者,根据来院方式的不同进行分组,对照组由家属送至急诊科,应用常规护理,研究组为120接诊,应用前急救护理模式,观察两组救治成功率和致残率。结果 救治成功率:研究组更高(P<0.05);致残率:研究组更低(P<0.05)。结论 脑卒中患者应用前急救护理模式效果显著,可促使救治成功率得到有效提升,并可降低致残率。

  • 标签: 脑卒中 院前急救护理模式 常规护理 救治成功率 致残率
  • 简介:【摘要】目的:研究脑卒中患者前急救中应用前急救护理路径的效果。方法:根据护理方式的不同将我院2020年1月-2022年6月收治的80例脑卒中患者分为两组,对照组(40例)行常规护理,研究组(40例)行院前急救护理路径干预,观察比较两组护理效果。结果:研究组前急救各环节所用时间均短于对照组,患者残疾率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:前急救护理路径可缩短前急救时间,降低患者残疾风险。

  • 标签: 院前急救 护理路径 脑卒中
  • 简介:【摘要】:目的:研究优化前急诊护理流程对急性脑梗死患者前延迟的影响。方法:在本文研究中将急性脑梗死患者作为研究对象,100例收治时间在2019年度12月-2020年度12月,根据随机抽签分组原则分为观察组50例、对照组50例,分别采取常规急诊护理方式、优化前急诊护理流程方式,分析并且对比两组各项指标。结果:观察组各项指标优于对照组的指标(P<0.05)。结论:优化前急诊护理流程对急性脑梗死患者前延迟具有明显的减少作用。

  • 标签: 优化院前急诊护理流程 急性脑梗死 院前延迟 影响
  • 简介:摘要:现代房地产市场已经不像过去那样粗犷发展,作为全国房企 TOP4 的融创

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  • 简介:摘要:目的:探讨心源性猝死急救成功影响因素。方法:对我院2020年1月至12月间18例心源性猝死患者前急救资料进行分析,观察患者的抢救成功率。结果:18例患者经过心脏按压、电除颤、球囊面罩辅助呼吸等急救措施,复苏成功4例(循环恢复),抢救成功率22.22%,无后遗症出院2例,占比11.11%。结论:对心源性猝死患者及时予以早期及高质量的心脏按压、早期电除颤,可有效提高抢救成功率。

  • 标签: 心源性猝死 院前急救 心肺复苏 抢救成功率
  • 简介:摘要目的探讨出院前培训结合出院后居家发音功能训练对喉癌患者术后喉功能重建的影响。方法选取2016年10月至2019年9月在无锡市第二人民医院进行喉癌术后喉功能重建患者80例,依照入院时间将患者分为研究组和对照组各40例。研究组患者采用出院前培训结合出院后居家发音功能训练,对照组患者采用常规喉癌术后喉功能重建护理。比较两组患者的临床效果。结果研究组术后并发症发生率为5.00%,显著低于对照组的25.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者干预前基频(Fo),基频微扰(Jitter)、振幅微扰(Shimmer)比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);干预后1个月、3个月研究组患者Fo、Jitter、Shimmer指标显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);研究组患者在干预后改良华盛顿大学生活质量量表(UWQOL)各项评分显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论出院前培训结合出院后居家发音功能训练对喉癌患者术后喉功能重建具有良好的应用价值,可显著降低患者的并发症发生率,提升患者喉部发音功能,显著提高患者的生活质量。

  • 标签: 院前培训 院后发音功能训练 喉癌术后 喉功能重建
  • 简介:【摘要】目的:观察优化前急诊护理流程对急性脑梗死患者前延迟影响的改善效果及临床影响。方法:抽选本院急诊2021年3月~12月期间收治急性脑梗死患者60例为研究对象,将21年3月~7月收治者设为对照组(n=31)行常规前急诊护理,21年8月~12月收治者设为观察组(n=29)行优化前急诊护理。比较患者前延迟时间、救治用时、住院时间、救治成功率、不良预后发生率。结果:观察组前延迟时间、院内急救用时、入院至静脉溶栓用时、入院至血运重建用时、住院时间及不良预后发生率均低于对照组,观察组救治成功率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义,P<0.05。结论:优化前急诊护理流程的实施可有效缩短患者前延迟时间,为其院内救治、专科治疗的快速实施争取救治时间,在提升救治成功率同时降低临床不良预后风险。

  • 标签: 优化院前急诊护理流程 急性脑梗死 院前延迟 临床效果
  • 简介:摘要:本文以某甲级设计为例,对设计开展EPC总承包管理进行探讨。因设计管理人员的施工管理经验少、EPC项目经理不能及早介入项目谈判及合同签订、设计与施工阶段融合度不高等原因,造成EPC项目不能起到节省工期、高效施工的目的,本文对此现象进行探讨,并提出适当的措施,以期提高设计EPC项目管理效率,为设计开展EPC项目管理献言献策、抛砖引玉。

  • 标签: EPC 设计院 项目管理