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简介：Thisworkdealswiththecoolingofhigh-speedelectricmachines,suchasmotorsandgenerators,throughanairgap.Itconsistsofnumericalandexperimentalmodelingofgasflowandheattransferinanannularchannel.Velocityandtemperatureprofilesaremodeledintheairgapofahigh-speedtestmachine.Frictionandheattransfercoefficientsarepresentedinalargevelocityrange.Thegoalsarereachedacceptablyusingnumericalandexperimentalresearch.Thevelocityfieldbythenumericalmethoddoesnotmatchineveryrespecttheestimatedflowmode.TheabsenceofsecondaryTaylorvorticesisevidentwhenusingtimeaveragednumericalsimulation.

简介：Inthispaper,wepresentathreedimensionalnumericalinvestigationofheattransferinaparabolictroughcollectorreceiverwithlongitudinalfinsusingdifferentkindsofnanofluid,withanoperationaltemperatureof573Kandnanoparticleconcentrationof1%involume.Theoutersurfaceoftheabsorberreceivesanon-uniformheatflux,whichisobtainedbyusingtheMonteCarloraytracingtechnique.Thenumericalresultsarecontrastedwithempiricalresultsavailableintheopenliterature.AsignificantimprovementofheattransferisderivedwhentheReynoldsnumbervariesintherange2.57×104≤Re≤2.57×105,thetube-sideNusseltnumberincreasesfrom1.3to1.8times,alsothemetallicnanoparticlesimproveheattransfergreatlythanothernanoparticles,combiningbothmechanismsprovidesbetterheattransferandhigherthermo-hydraulicperformance.

简介：Micro-depositionofanaluminumfilmof500-nmthicknessonaquartzsubstratewasdemonstratedbylaser-inducedforwardtransfer(LIFT)usingafemtosecondlaserpulse.Withthehelpofatomicforcemicroscopy(AFM)andscanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM),thedependenceofthemorphologyofdepositedaluminumfilmontheirradiatedlaserpulseenergywasinvestigated.Asthelaserfluencewasslightlyabovethethresholdfluence,thehigherpressureofplasmaforthethickerfilmmadethefreesurfaceofsolidphaseburstout,whichresultedinthatnotonlythesolidmaterialwassputteredbutalsothedepositedfilmintheliquidstatewasmadeirregularly.

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简介：Theanodicdischargeofwatertoproduceadsorbedhydroxylfreeradicals(*OH)isconsideredtobeaprerequisitetoanodicO-transferreactionsataPbO2electrode.Inthiswork,amethodwasstudiedbymeansofhigh-performanceliquidchromatography(HPLC)combinedwithelectrochemicaldetection(ED)soastoinvestigatetheproductionofhydroxylfreeradicals(*OH)intheprocessoftheanodicdischargeofH2OataPbO2electrode.ThevoltammetricdataobtainedatthePbO2electrodefortheoxidationofsalicylicacidtosalicylatehydroxylationproducts(DHBAs)andthedetectionofDHBAsbymeansofHPLC-EDconfirmtheproposedmechanism.

简介：Laminarheattransferproblemisanalyzedforadiskrotatingwiththeangularspeedωinaco-rotatingfluid(withtheangularspeedΩ).Thefluidisswirledinaccordancewithaforced-vortexlaw,itrotatesasasolidbodyatβ=Ω/ω=const.Radialvariationofthedisk’ssurfacetemperaturefollowsapowerlaw.Anexactnumericalsolutionoftheproblemisobtainedbasingontheself-similarprofilesofthelocaltemperatureoffluid,itsstaticpressureandvelocitycomponents.NumericalcomputationsweredoneatthePrandtlnumbersPr=1(?)0.71.Itisshownthatwithincreasingβbothradialandtangentialcomponentsofshearstressesdecrease,andtozerovalueatβ=1.Nusseltnumberispracticallyconstantatβ=0(?)0.3(andevenhasapointofamaximuminthisregion);Nudecreasenoticeablyforlargerβvalues.

简介：轧了nanorods用诱导地联合的血浆与Ninano岛面具蚀刻被制作。poly[2-methoxy-5-(2乙醇)hexoxy-1,4-phenylenevinylene](MEH-PPV)/GaN-nanorod混血儿结构被扔MEH-PPV电影在上制作由使用纺纱涂层过程轧了nanorods。在混合结构，空间分离被最小化完成高效率的非放射的反响的精力转移。由MEH-PPV/GaN-nanorod混合结构组成的一台新奇设备的光性质被分析光致发光(PL)学习系列。与相比纯轧了nanorods，乐队边排放的PL紧张在MEH-PPV/GaN-nanorods轧了像黄乐队的三次，和紧张稍微被压制一样，被提高。获得的结果被精力转移在之间分析轧了nanorods和MEH-PPV。一个精力转移模型被建议解释现象。

简介：Inthisstudywastoinvestigate,byphase-transfercatalysis,theactivityofsingleandmixedammoniumandphosphoniumsaltsgraftedona"gel-type"styrene-7%divinylbenzenecopolymerintheoxidationofbenzylalcoholwithhydrogenperoxide.Awidevarietyofcatalystswithdifferentquaternarygroupsanddifferentquaternarychainlengthsubstituentswereexamined.Theactivityofsingle"onium"saltsincreasesasaconsequenceoftheassociationofammoniumandphosphoniumsaltsgraftedonthesamepolymericsupport.Theactivityofpolymer-supportedammoniumandphosphoniumsaltsincreaseswiththenumberofcarbonatomscontainedinthealkylradicalsofthe-oniumandofthefunctionalizationdegreewithphosphoniumgroups.

简介：一个非谐的振荡器代数学模型被用来学习二个两价的分子的在同一直线上的碰撞。为颤动颤动精力转移的转变概率被介绍。为方法的应用，我们谈论N2+CO，N2+O2，和N2+N2的碰撞。整个平均的长时间，转变概率改变到系统的全部的精力的函数。把结果与量作比较结果，我们能看到代数学的方法是的动态谎言为描述非谐的两价的分子的碰撞有用。

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简介：Inthispaper,theannularflowmodelforin-tubecompletedcondensationisemployedtopredictthesteadyflowcondensationheattransfercharactersticsinatubeunderzero-gravitation.Inthiscase,itisproposedthatvaporcondensesontheliquidfilmsurface.Duetotheeffectofsurfacetension.Thelituidexistsintheformofliquidfilmringcontactingwall;whenthevelocityofvaporcoredecreasestozero,thecondensationprocessends.Puttingforwardthephysicalandmathematicalmodels,theproblemissolvedandthemulti-orderequationofthethicknessofliquidfilmisobtained.Whichincludestermsofthepressuregradientalongaxialdirection.thefrictionforcebetweenvaporandliquidoninterface.Bycomputationalcalculation,thismodelcanbeusednotonlytopredictthethicknessofliquidfilm,thecondensationpressuregradientalongtheaxialdirection,butalsotodeterminetheNusseltnumber,thecondensationleagthandthetotalflowprssuredropofcondensationetc.Attheend,thecalculationresultsofthenecessarycondensationlengtharecomparedapproximatelywiththosefromtheexperiments,whichareobtainedonthetestset-upplacedhorizontallyingravitationfield.andthedeviationisanalyzed.

简介：热转移设备的表演评估能在这些设备基于全面的熵生产。在我们的学习，我们因此由于机械精力的驱散并且由于热传导为本地熵生产的系统、详细说明的决心提供方程，两个在狂暴的流动。在当模特儿的骚乱为波动的部分被合并了以后，全面的熵生产能被集成关于整个流动领域决定。然而，从那时起，熵生产率证明很陡峭的坡度关门到墙，数字答案与墙功能是更加有效的熵生产术语。当高级雷纳兹数字骚乱模型被使用时，这些墙功能是强制的。为在有一盘插入的扭曲的磁带的一根管子中的狂暴的流动，作为热转移倡导者，基于全面的熵生产率，从一个热力学的观点的清楚的陈述是可能的，这被显示出。没有，为扭曲力量的某个范围，在与盒子相比的全面的熵生产有减少插入。另外，最佳扭曲力量能是坚定的。当仅仅压力落下和热转移数据被给时，这个信息是无法获得的。关键词熵生产-狂暴的热转移-墙功能CLC数字TK124

简介：Alargenumberofdebrisflowdisasters(calledSeismicdebrisflows)wouldoccurafteranearthquake,whichcancauseagreatamountofdamage.UAVlow-altituderemotesensingtechnologyhasbecomeameansofquicklyobtainingdisasterinformationasithastheadvantageofconvenienceandtimeliness,butthespectralinformationoftheimageissoscarce,makingitdifficulttoaccuratelydetecttheinformationofearthquakedebrisflowdisasters.Basedontheaboveproblems,aseismicdebrisflowdetectionmethodbasedontransferlearning(TL)mechanismisproposed.Onthebasisoftheconstructedseismicdebrisflowdisasterdatabase,thefeaturesacquiredfromthetrainingoftheconvolutionalneuralnetwork(CNN)aretransferredtothedisasterinformationdetectionoftheseismicdebrisflow.Theautomaticdetectionofearthquakedebrisflowdisasterinformationisthencompleted,andtheresultsofobject-orientedseismicdebrisflowdisasterinformationdetectionarecomparedandanalyzedwiththedetectionresultssupportedbytransferlearning.

简介：Accurateestimatesofalbedosarerequiredinclimatemodeling.Accurateandsimpleschemesforradiativetransferwithincanopyarerequiredfortheseestimates,butseverelimitationsexist.Thispaperdevelopedafour-streamsolarradiativetransfermodelandcoupleditwithalandsurfaceprocessmodel.Theradiativemodelusesafour-streamapproximationmethodasintheatmospheretoobtainanalyticsolutionsofthebasicequationofcanopyradiativetransfer.Asananalyticalmodel,thefour-streamradiativetransfermodelcanbeeasilyappliedefficientlytoimprovetheparameterizationoflandsurfaceradiationinclimatemodels.Ourfour-streamsolarradiativetransfermodelisbasedonatwo-streamshortwaveradiativetransfermodel.Itcansimulateshortwavesolarradiativetransferwithincanopyaccordingtotherelevanttheoryintheatmosphere.Eachparameterofthebasicradiativetransferequationofcanopyhasspecialgeometryandopticalcharactersofleavesorcanopy.Theupwardordownwardradiativefluxesarerelatedtothediffusephasefunction,theG-function,leafreflectivityandtransmission,leafareaindex,andthesolarangleoftheincidentbeam.Thefour-streamsimulationiscomparedwiththatofthetwo-streammodel.Thefour-streammodelisprovedsuccessfulthroughitsconsistentmodelingofcanopyalbedoatanysolarincidentangle.Inordertocompareandfinddifferencesbetweentheresultspredictedbythefour-andtwo-streammodels,anumberofnumericalexperimentsareperformedthroughexaminingtheeffectsofdifferentleafareaindices,leafangledistributions,opticalpropertiesofleaves,andgroundsurfaceconditionsonthecanopyalbedo.Parallelexperimentsshowthatthecanopyalbedospredictedbythetwomodelsdiffersignificantlywhentheleafangledistributionissphericalandvertical.Theresultsalsoshowthatthedifferenceisparticularlygreatfordifferentincidentsolarbeams.OneadditionalexperimentiscarriedouttoevaluatethesimulationsoftheBATSla

简介：在现在的纸，我们讨论magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)在在零个雷纳兹数字和长波长近似下面的一条垂直不对称的隧道的一个夸张正切液体模型的蠕动的流动。当驱散术语不在时的温度方程的准确答案被计算了，为流功能和轴的压力坡度的分析表达式被建立。流动在与波浪的速度移动的一个波浪原则被分析。为压力上升的表示数字地被计算了。恰当的参数的物理特征被阴谋图分析并且详细讨论了。

简介：Basedonthetime-averagingequationsandamodifiedengineeringturbulencemodel,themoldfillingandsolidificationprocessesofcastingsareapproximatelydescribed.Thealgorithmforthecontrolequationsisbrieflyintroduced,andsomeproblemsandimprovementmethodsforthetraditionalmethodarealsopresented.Bothcalculationandtestsprovedthat,comparingwiththelaminarfluidflowandheattransfer,thesimulationresultsbyusingtheturbulencemodelareclosertotherealmoldfillingandsolidificationprocessesofcastings.

简介：这份报纸论述对流动结构和热的隧道几何学的影响的学习转，并且也，他们一个光线的冷却段落的所有墙上的关联煤气的汽轮机片当模特儿。调查在隧道集中于热转移和空气动力学的大小，它是在飞机引擎使用的配置的一个精确代表。为热转移系数和在内部冷却段落的设计使用的压力落下的关联经常从简化模型被开发。一个角落切，对真实引擎段落没有完美的矩形的生气的节的笔记重要，但是包括，肋骨与切半径和特殊取向。因此，这个工作为有很现实主义的特征的光线的冷却几何学的一个模型提供详细液体流动和热转移数据。

简介：Toexplorethepossibilityofusingsolid-liquidphasechangecoolingtothoseperiodicallyorintermittentlyoperatedelectronicequipment,adetailofexperimentalstudyoftime-dependentmeltingheattransferinarectangularenclosurewiththreediscreteproturdingheatsourcesispresented.Aseriesofexperimentalmeasurementinanenclosurewithphasechangematerials(PCM)ofn-octadecaneofexperimentalmeasurementinanenclosurewithphasechangematerials(PCM)of-octadecaneheatedbythreediscreteprotrudingheatsourcesataconstantrateononeofitsverticalwallhasbeendescribed.Theoppositewalloftheenclosureiscooledataconstanttemperatureandallotherwallsoftheenclosureareinsulated.Thetime-dependentsolid-liquidshapesoftheinterfaceduringmeltingprocess,thevariationofsurfacetemperatureandtheeffectsofsulbcoolingareinvestigated.Anempiricalcorrelationpredictingtherelationshipbetweentheliquidphasefractionandsubcoolingisgiven.

简介：现在的学习报导R134a流动在微隧道的热水池沸腾特征的热转移的试验性的评估。热水池由30平行组成矩形与500m宽度和深度的代表性的尺寸微隧道，以及全部长度30mm。实验与热流动被进行直到从373.33～1244.44kg/m22,团速度>s，蒸汽质量从0.06～0.9。加热的热水池的墙温度能在约50点被控制