简介：AbstractPurpose:Firefighters are exposed to high levels of occupational risk factors, such as safety risks, chemical, ergonomic, and physical hazards that may jeopardize their lives. To overcome these hazards, firefighters must be physically, mentally, and personally fit to work. This study aimed to explore the criteria and factors affecting firefighters' resilience based on stakeholders’ experiences.Methods:This qualitative study was carried out using conventional content analysis. In total, 21 face-to-face interviews were conducted by firefighters who were experienced in the field. The interviews were carried out from July 2019 to January 2020. The data were collected using 3 unstructured interviews and then resumed by 18 semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was done using Graneheim method.Results:The participants had more than 5 years of experience in the field of search and rescue. The extracted codes through data analysis were classified into 3 main categories (individual, organizational, and social factors), 9 sub-categories (mental, physical, occupational, managerial, colleagues-related, equipment-related, environmental, community-related, and family-related factors), as well as 19 sub-sub-categories and 570 codes.Conclusion:Firefighters' personality, physical condition, behavior and psychological characteristics can affect their resilience along with organizational and management factors that play significant role in people's safety. Developing a tool for assessing resilience can help decision makers to have a real depict of firefighters' job qualifications.

简介：AbstractIn December of 2019, several cases of atypical pneumonia caused by an unknown agent were reported in Wuhan, the capital city of Hubei Province in China. In early January 2020, it was announced that these cases were caused by a novel coronavirus. The virus was later named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes a disease associated with atypical pneumonia termed Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Several respiratory viruses, including coronaviruses and influenza viruses tend to have prominent peaks of infection during colder seasons, especially in temperate regions. The cold temperatures, along with accompanying dry conditions can drive respiratory tract infections by assisting with viral transmission, weakening the human immune system, and increasing viral molecular stability. Though the topic of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and warm weather has been associated with misinformation campaigns, it is worth investigating since an informative answer may give an indication of the future behavior of SARS-CoV-2.

简介：AbstractObjective:To investigate the roles of transcription factors (TFs) in the etiology of complex human birth defects, including neural tube defects (NTDs), congenital heart diseases (CHDs), and hypospadias.Methods:We examined the overlap of genetically associated genes among NTDs, CHDs, and hypospadias. We then compared the expression profiles of these diseases based on all the detected genes and disease-associated TFs. The differentially expressed TFs that we obtained were further subjected to functional enrichment analysis to elucidate their role in the development of these birth defects.Results:TF genes were significantly enriched in complex birth defects (P= 5.95 × 10-24). NTDs, CHDs, and hypospadias showed distinct gene expression profiles compared with the controls. Although TFs could not efficiently separate CHDs from normal subjects, distinct gene expression profiles of TFs could distinguish NTDs and hypospadias from controls. Differentially expressed TFs can be used to characterize NTDs, hypospadias, and controls. The enriched TFs in biological processes (BPs) reflected the different morphological processes of NTDs, CHDs, and hypospadias.Conclusions:This study indicates that abnormal expression patterns of specific TFs may disrupt the normal requirements for developmental equilibrium through the related BPs. The investigation of genetically associated genes and gene expression profiles for the three different complex birth defects provides new insights into how the dysregulation of TFs influences their developmental process.

简介：AbstractPreterm labor (before 37 weeks’ gestation) is the leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity, which can be divided into iatrogenic preterm labor, infectious preterm labor, and spontaneous preterm labor (sPTL). Up to now, there continue to be great difficulties in prediction and prevention of sPTL, owing to multiple risk factors, pathogenesis, and pathologic processes contributing to the event, which have not been fully clarified. Pregnancy maintenance and parturition is a complicated process with continuous maternal-fetal dialogue, in which both maternal and fetal factors participate and affect the outcome of pregnancy, including sPTL. Besides, external factors can also participate in sPTL, individually or through the interaction with internal factors. In this article, we summarize recent studies regarding sPTL from our and other groups, and discuss the risk factors and pathogenesis of preterm birth from both external and internal (maternal and fetal) aspects, so as to provide theoretical evidences for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of sPTL in the future.

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简介：AIM:Toevaluatetheshort-andlong-termoutcomesofliverresectionforcaudatelobehepatocellularcarcinoma(HCC).METHODS:Weretrospectivelyanalyzed114consecutivepatientswithHCC,originatingfromthecaudatelobe,whounderwentresectionbetweenJanuary2001andJanuary2007.Univariateandmultivariateanalyseswereperformedonseveralclinicopathologicvariablestodeterminethefactorsaffectinglong-termoutcomeandintrahepaticrecurrence.RESULTS:Overallmortalityandmorbiditywere0%and18%,respectively.Afteramedianfollow-upof31mo(interquartilerange,11-66mo),tumorrecurrencehadoccurredin76patients(66.7%).The1-,3-,and5-yeardisease-freesurvivalrateswere65.7%,38.1%,and18.4%,respectively.The1-,3-,and5-yearoverallsurvivalrateswere76.1%,54.7%,and31.8%,respectively.Univariateanalysisshowedthatsubsegmentallocationofthetumor(45.7%vs16.2%,P=0.01),livercirrhosis(12.3%vs47.9%,P=0.03),surgicalmargin(18.5%vs54.6%,P=0.04),vascularinvasion(37.9%vs23.2%,P=0.04)andextendedcaudateresection(42.1%vs15.4%,P=0.04)wererelatedtopoorerlong-termsurvival.Multivariateanalysisshowedthatonlysubsegmentallocationofthetumor,livercirrhosisandsurgicalmarginweresignificantindependentprognosticfactors.CONCLUSION:HepatectomywasaneffectivetreatmentforHCCinthecaudatelobe.Thesubsegmentallocationofthetumor,livercirrhosisandsurgicalmarginaffectedlong-termsurvival.

简介：MolecularmechanismsoftheKru?ppel-likefamilyoftranscriptionfactors(KLFs)havebeenstudiedmoreinproliferatingcellsthaninpost-mitoticcellssuchasneurons.WerecentlyfoundthatKLFsregulateintrinsicaxongrowthabilityincentralnervoussystem(CNS)neuronsincludingretinalganglioncells,andhippocampalandcorticalneurons.Withatleast15of17KLFfamilymembersexpressedinneuronsandatleast5structurallyuniquesubfamilies,itisimportanttodeterminehowthiscomplexfamilyfunctionsinneuronstoregulatetheintricategeneticprogramsofaxongrowthandregeneration.BycharacterizingthemolecularmechanismsoftheKLFfamilyinthenervoussystem,includingbindingpartnersandgenetargets,andcomparingthemtodefinedmechanismsdefinedoutsidethenervoussystem,wemaybetterunderstandhowKLFsregulateneuritegrowthandaxonregeneration.

简介：AIM:TodescribetheprevalenceanddemographiccharacteristicsofcornealblindnessinanurbanandruralregionofNingxia,locatedinthenorthwestpartofChina.METHODS:Astratified,randomizedsamplingprocedurewasemployedinthestudy,includingurbanandruralareaofallagegroup.Visualacuity,anteriorsegmentandocularfunduswerechecked.Relatedfactorofcornealdisease,includingage,gender,educationstatus,ethnicgroup,locationandoccupation,wereidentifiedaccordingtouniformcustomizedprotocol.Aneyewasdefinedtobecornealblindnessifthevisualacuitywas<20/400duetoacornealdisease.RESULTS:Threethousandindividuals(1290fromurbanareaand1710fromruralarea)participatedintheinvestigation,witharesponserateof80.380%.Theprevalenceofcornealblindnesswas0.023%inbotheyesand0.733%inatleastoneeye.Theblindnessinatleastoneeyewithvariedcauseswaspresentin106participants(3.533%)andinbilateraleyesin34participants(1.133%).Thecornealdiseasesaccountedfor20.754%ofblindnessinatleastoneeyeand20.588%ofbilateralblindness.TheprevalenceofcornealdiseasewashigherinolderandHanethnicgroup,especiallythosewhooccupiedinagricultureandoutdoorwork.Peoplewithcornealblindnessweremorelikelytobeolderandlowereducation.Ruralpopulationweremorelikelytosufferfrombilateralcornealblindnessthantheurbanpopulationin≥59-yeargroup(χ2=6.716,P=0.019).Infectious,traumaandimmunecornealdiseasewerethethreeleadingcausesofcornealdisease.Traumacornealdiseasewasmorelikelyleadingtoblindnessinoneeye.However,infectiousandimmunecornealdiseasesmakemorecontributiontothebilateralcornealblindness.CONCLUSION:CornealblindnessisasignificantburdenofinNingxiapopulation,encompassingavarietyofcornealinfectionsandtrauma;themajorityofthosewereavoidable.Healthpromotionstrategiesandgoodhygienicconditionshavetobedeveloped.

简介：当我们可能与男不孕的一条对症疗法的途径是舒适的时，我们为生活方式修正和被许多我们的病人使用的整体、互补、其他的治疗的知识也负责。这份报纸提供为几这些治疗把事实与小说分开的基于证据的评论。有足够的文学由饮食和锻练支持重量减小，吸停止，和白酒中等。在小使随机化的控制试用(RCT)上在男富饶上表明了积极效果的补充包括aescin，辅酶Q10,谷胱甘肽，朝鲜红人参，L肉毒碱，nigellasativa，omega-3，硒，锌的联合并且叶酸，并且Menevit抗氧化剂。对维生素C，维生素E，或藏花的使用没有支持。为中国草药的药的数据，针灸，头脑身体实践，阴囊的冷却，并且基于信心的愈合稀少或不确定。

简介：AbstractMore evidences show that microRNAs play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammation and autoimmune diseases including Lichen planus, and are an attractive therapeutic target. MicroRNA family plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression, which involves cell proliferation, apoptosis, growth, differentiation and metabolism, vascularization, immune response and other biological processes. The changes of expression profile and expression level are closely related to the occurrence and development of many diseases, such as tumor, inflammatory disease and autoimmune disease relevant. However, there are few reports on microRNA in the pathogenesis of LP. This review summarizes the research advance of microRNAs (microRNAs -137, microRNAs -125b, microRNAs -138, microRNAs-27b, microRNAs -203) and their downstream proteins in LP.

简介：Inrecentyears'stagedagger'typeshamneedlinghasbeenanticipatedtobeoneofthepossiblesolutionsformaskingpatientsinacupunctureresearch.Inordertoassessthevalidityofthistypeofneedling,weconductedtworandomized,single-blind,cross-overtrialswithacupuncture-experiencedsubjects.

简介：AbstractBackground:Clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis (CADM) is a unique sub-type of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies with a high prevalence of interstitial lung disease (ILD). Poor prognosis of the patients was strongly associated with rapid progressive ILD. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for prediction of different types of ILD in CADM.Methods:In this study, data of 108 inpatients with CADM were collected, including 87 with ILD. The baseline clinical data and laboratory parameters, including myositis-specific and associated antibodies and tumor-associated antigens were analyzed to identify risk factors for acute or subacute interstitial pneumonitis (A/SIP) and chronic interstitial pneumonitis (CIP).Results:In 87 patients with CADM-ILD, 39 (36.1%) were A/SIP, and 48 (44.4%) were CIP. There were 22 (20.4%) patients with asymptomatic ILD who were detected by routine high resolution computed tomography. Cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) was significantly higher in CADM-ILD than that in CADM patients without ILD; carcinoembryonic antigen and neuron-specific enolase were significantly elevated in A/SIP than that in CIP. Patients with A/SIP had a higher positive rate of anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5), while patients with CIP had a higher positive rate of anti PL-12 and anti-Ro-52. Logistic regression analysis indicated that elevation of CYFRA21-1 was a risk factor for ILD, higher titer of anti-MDA5 indicated increased likelihood for A/SIP, and higher titer of anti-Ro-52 was also clearly associated with CIP.Conclusions:This study indicated that the prevalence of ILD was high in CADM. Asymptomatic ILD has been previously underestimated. Anti-MDA5 was a risk factor for the presence of A/SIP, and CYFRA21-1 was a risk factor for ILD.

简介：Abstract5033farmerswereinterviewedtoparticipateinaclustersamplingsurveyonfactorsrelatedtotheHIV/AIDSepidemicinoneruralareainChina.Theresultsshowedthatfemalesattendedschoolforashortertimethanmales,maleshadahigherawarenessofHIV/AIDSandheldmorepositiveattitudestowardPLWHAs.Nearlyequalpercentagesofmenandwomenintheareasurveyed,soldblood.Elevenpercentmorementhanwomenhadahistoryofmigration.Condomusewasquitelowamongthesexuallyactivepopulationsurveyed.ResultsindicatedthataneducationcampaignonHIV/AIDSpreventioninruralareasshouldintegrategenderperspectivesandensurethattheinterventioncoverswomen.Futureinterventionsshouldbedesignedtotargetmaleandfemalemigration,andshouldfocusonmodifyingtheperceptionsofsocialnormsgoverninggenderrolesinadditiontoprovidingHIVpreventioninformationinordertocontaintheHIV/AIDSepidemicatitscurrentstageinChina.

简介：Theaimofthisstudyistoreportandanalyzethefactorsrelatedwithearlieroccurrenceofsiliconeoil(SO)emulsificationinpatientsunderwentparsplanavitrectomyandSOinjectioninourhospital.WeretrospectivelyreviewedconsecutivecaseseriesundergonebothSOinjectionandremovalinourhospital,and182oneswereeligible.Possiblerelatedindependentfactorsincluded:maculastatus(on/off),concomitantphacoemulsificationwiththesurgeryofSOtamponading,concomitantstatusofproliferativevitreoretinopathy,combinedsurgeryofretinotomy,timetohaveemulsification(<6mo/≥6moafterprimarySOinjection),routeofSOinjection(anterior/posterior),lensstatus(aphakic/pseudophakic/phakic),anesthesia(local/general),brandsandtypeofSO,with/withoutepiscleralcryotherapy,with/withouthypertension,with/withoutdiabetes,with/withoutintraoperativeuseoftriamcinoloneacetonide.ThestudyrevealedthatbrandandtypeofSOwasthesignificantfactorrelatedwithearlieremulsificationofSO.Furtherstudywaswarrantedtofindouttheunderlyingcauses.

简介：ObjectiveToexploretherelationshipbetweensuddensensorineuralhearingloss(SSNHL)andvascularriskfactors(includingserumlipidsanduricacid).MethodThisisaretrospectiveanalysisof100casesofSSNHLseenattheDrumTowerHospital,NanjingMedicalUniversity,betweenJan.2007andApr.2008。Patienthistory,bloodtestresultsandimagingscanswereanalyzed.Levelsoftriglyceride(TG),cholesterols(CHO),highdensitylipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-CH),lowdensitylipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-CH),apolipoproteinAI(ApoAI),apolipoproteinB(ApoB)anduricacid(UA)fromthesepatientswerecomparedwithacontrolgroupof56patientstreatedforvocalcordpolypsornasalseptumdeviationduringthesameperiod.Patientswithhypertension,diabetes,heart,brain,liverorkidneydisordersareexcludedfromthepresentinvestigation.ResultsHDLCHlevelwashigherandUAlevellowerinthestudygroupthanthecontrolgroup(P<0.05).HDL-CHandUAshowednosignificantdifferencesamongdifferentage-groups(P>0.05).TherewerenosignificantdifferencesinthelevelsofTG,CHO,LDL-CH,ApoAIandApoB(P>0.05).ConclusionThesedataindicatethatmetabolicdisturbancesofserumlipidsand/oruricacidmaybepotentialriskfactorsforSSNHL

简介：AbstractAlzheimer disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia characterized by the progressive cognitive and social decline. Clinical drug targets have heavily focused on the amyloid hypothesis, with amyloid beta (Aβ), and tau proteins as key pathophysiologic markers of AD. However, no effective treatment has been developed so far, which prompts researchers to focus on other aspects of AD beyond Aβ, and tau proteins. Additionally, there is a mounting epidemiologic evidence that various environmental factors influence the development of dementia and that dementia etiology is likely heterogenous. In the past decades, new risk factors or potential etiologies have been widely studied. Here, we review several novel epidemiologic and clinical research developments that focus on sleep, hypoxia, diet, gut microbiota, and hearing impairment and their links to AD published in recent years. At the frontiers of AD research, these findings and updates could be worthy of further attention.

简介：AbstractBackground:Keloids are benign fibrous growths that are caused by excessive tissue build-up. Severe keloids exert more significant effects on patients’ quality of life than do mild keloids. We aimed to identify factors associated with the progression from mild keloids to severe keloids, as distinct from those associated with the formation of keloids.Methods:In this retrospective case-control study, 251 patients diagnosed with keloids at West China Hospital between November 2018 and April 2021 were grouped according to the severity of lesions (mild [n = 162] or severe [n = 89]). We collected their basic characteristics, living habits, incomes, comorbidities, and keloid characteristics from Electronic Medical Records in the hospital and the patients’ interviews. Conditional multivariable regression was performed to identify the independent risk factors for the progression of keloids.Results:Eighty-nine patients (35.5%) were classified as having severe keloids. We found the distribution of severe keloids varied with sex, age, excessive scrubbing of keloids, family income, the comorbidity of rheumatism, disease duration, characteristics of the location, location in sites of high-stretch tension, the severity and frequency of pain, the severity of pruritus, and infection. Multivariable analysis revealed significant associations between severe keloids and infection (odds ratio [OR], 3.55; P = 0.005), excessive scrubbing of keloids (OR, 8.65; P = 0.001), low or middle family income (OR, 13.44; P = 0.021), comorbidity of rheumatism (OR, 18.97; P = 0.021), multiple keloids located at multiple sites (OR, 3.18; P = 0.033), and disease duration >15 years (OR, 2.98; P = 0.046).Conclusion:Doctors should implement more active and thorough measures to minimize the progression of mild keloids in patients who have any of the following risk factors: infection, excessive scrubbing of keloids, low or middle family income, comorbidity of rheumatism, multiple keloids located at multiple sites, and disease duration >15 years.

简介：AbstractBackground:Asthma is a heterogeneous disease with distinct prevalence and manifestation between sexes. This study was to identify sex-specific features of asthma via metabolomic analysis of sphingolipids.Methods:Forty-two asthma patients (27 women and 15 men) admitted to the Peking University Third Hospital from January 2015 to December 2015 were enrolled. Peripheral venous blood was collected for metabolomic analysis by targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sex hormones(estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, and androstenedione) and multiple inflammatory factors (periostin, leptin, IgE, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, and IFN-γ) were also assessed. The eosinophil percentage in induced sputum was also detected. All these data were applied to comparative analysis between sexes.Results:Testosterone was negatively related to periostin (ρ = -0.420, P = 0.009) and IL-5 (ρ = -0.540, P = 0.012), while estradiol was positively related to the blood eosinophil percentage (ρ = 0.384, P = 0.025). Among the eighteen species of sphingolipids detected in the 42 patients, five ceramide (Cer) species (Cer16:0, Cer:20:0, Cer22:0, Cer24:0, and Cer26:0) and one sphingomyelin (SM) species (SM38:0) were significantly higher in male than in female patients. Further investigation found that the correlation between Cer20:0 and IL-5 was positive in males (ρ = 0.943, P = 0.005) but negative in females (ρ = -0.561, P = 0.030).Conclusions:Testosterone was negatively correlated with eosinophil inflammatory factors, but estradiol was positively correlated. Male asthma patients had higher ceramide and sphingomyelin levels than female patients. Different sexes had opposite correlations with ceramide and IL-5, respectively, suggesting that therapeutic strategies targeting ceramide should be different between sexes.

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简介：男富饶上的精索静脉曲张修理的效果仍然保持争论。它将对有用决定了哪个人将从精索静脉曲张修理有益于大多数，并且在那些个人指向修理努力。为精索静脉曲张修理的预示的因素上的文学的详细评论用PubMedNLM数据库被执行。我们发现postvaricocelectomy精液参数的最好的预言者是外科手术前的精液参数。在精液参数的最大的改进与更大的精索静脉曲张在人被发现。当有争吵，更高的睾丸激素，更年轻的年龄和更大的睾丸尺寸时，在一些，研究在精液参数postvaricocelectomy为改进预言。一张诺模图被开发了基于外科手术前的精液参数，精索静脉曲张等级和这个人(www.fertilitytreatmentresults.com)的年龄预言postvaricocelectomy精液参数。有限数据一致地与更高的基线DNA破碎率在人处于DNA破碎率表明最大的改进。关于繁殖结果，更高的基线精子密度一致地为自然怀孕或帮助繁殖技术(艺术)怀孕率预言。另外，精索静脉曲张修理确实似乎为艺术的更侵略的形式减少需要。在结论，我们现在能开始使用象预言跟随varicocelectomy的修理以后的精液质量和富饶潜力的基线精液质量，精索静脉曲张等级和耐心的年龄那样的特定的参数。