简介：2005年5月29日，法国为第一个欧盟成员国以公投的方式反对欧盟宪法：三天后，6月1日荷兰也以公投方式反对了欧盟宪法。这结果震撼了欧盟其他国家，但并非是不可预料的。本文简介欧盟现有的法制之后，会将焦点放在分析宪法主要的改变，说明宪法被反对之原因与宪法本身是没有太大的关系。

简介：ThepartialoxidationofethanoltohydrogenwasinvestigatedoverNi/Fe/Lacatalystspreparedbytheco-precipitationmethod.TheeffectsofintroductionofLapromoterandthereactiontemperatureonthecatalyticperformancewerestudied.ItwasfoundthattheintroductionofLaintoNi/Fecatalystsishelpfultoincreasetheselectivitytohydrogenandthestabilityofthecatalysts.TheresultsofXRDandXPScharacterizationshowthatthestructureofthecatalystwaschangedduringthereaction.TheexistenceofLaFeO3speciesispossiblythemainreasonoftheincreaseofthecatalyststability.

简介：统计、典型年的作文方法被用来与ElNino和LaNifia事件在关系学习西北太平洋台风活动。结果显示台风趋于在ElNifio年里不活跃并且在拉·尼娜年和它里活跃也依赖于事件的发作和台风的开始的区域。与在频率和海面温度(SST)之间的ElNifio和拉·尼娜年和时间落后关联里的台风活动的频率的统计特征。有用信息被为台风出现的预言提供。另外，单个价值拆卸(SVD)方法被使用学习在重力势领域和SST地之间的关联。结果证明在ElNino年里的由空至海的联合是相反的让台风发展，它与一个更小的数字发生。相反的状况与拉·尼娜年被发现。

简介：ThesolidsolubilityofCe、La、SmandNdinFeorNiatvarioustemperaturewasdeterminedbymeansofadiffusion-couplemethodwiththeaidofanelectronprobemicroanalyzer.Twomethods,namelyareamethodandwholerangemethod,wereproposedfordataprocessinginthepresentpaper.Theprincipleandre-latedproblemsintheexperimentaldeterminationofthesolidsolubilityofrare-earthelementsinFeorNibyuseoftheabovementionedmethodswerealsodiscussed.

简介：TheeffectofLaelementonthemechanicalpropertiesandconstitutionnearbygrainboundaryinaCo-basesuperalloyCo-22Ni-22Cr-14kduring760℃ageinghasbeeninvestigatedbyAESandmaterialtesting.ResultsshowthatelementLacanbeinastateofsolidsolutionandsegregatesmainlyatthevicinityofgrainboundaries.ThepriorsegregationofLaatomscanaffectsegregationbehaviourofotherelements,sothatexertsinfluenceonmicrostructureofthealloy,ParticularlyincreasingofLacontentcandecreasePconcentrationatthevicinityofgrainboundariesbutnotdecreaseSconcentration.StogetherwithLaproducecosegregationeffect.ThecontentofLahasnoobviouseffectonhightemperaturestrength.WhenthecontentofLacomesupto0.02wt-％,itcanobviouslyimprovethehightemperatureductility.

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简介：Inthiswork,boththethermalexpansionandelectricalconductivityofnanocrystallineLa2Mo2O9werestudied.ThenanocrystallinepowderofLa2Mo2O9wasobtainedbysol-gelmethod,andwiththehelpofSHP(superhighpressure)upto4.5×104atmat700℃forashorttime,andthenanocrystallinepowderwasdensifiedwithoutobviousparticlesizegrowth.TheelectricalconductivityofnanocrystallineLa2Mo2O9wasoneorderofmagnitudelowerthanthatofthemicrocrystallinesampleatthesametemperature.Owingtothephasetransition,themicrocrystallineLa2Mo2O9hasanabruptincreaseofthermalexpansionwithapeakvalueof48×10-6K-1at556℃.Forthenanocrystallinematerial,thepeakvalueincreasesto112×10-6K-1at520℃.Ontheotherhand,above600℃thesignificantgrowthofparticlesizeofthenanocrystallineLa2Mo2O9wasobserved,accompanyingbyatremendousincreaseofthermalexpansionwithapeakvalueofthirdhigherthanthatofLa2Mo2O9.

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简介：Thebilayerorganiclight-emittingdiode(OLED)withabluefluorescentlanthanumcomplex,tris(1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-isobutyryl-5-pyrazolone)-(2,2′-dipyridyl)lanthanum[La(PMIP)3(Bipy)],asalightemittingmaterialandN,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine(TPD)asaholetransportingmaterialemitsbrightgreenlightinsteadofbluelight.Thedataoftheabsorption,thephotoluminescence(PL)andthephotoluminescenceexcitation(PLE)spectraofTPD,La(PMIP)3(Bipy)andthemixtureofTPDandLa(PMIP)3(Bipy)(molarratio1∶1)provethattheelectroluminescentemissionoriginatesfromtheexciplexontheinterfacebetweenTPDandLa(PMIP)3(Bipy).Byimprovingdeviceconfigurationwithtris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum(ALQ)asanelectrontransportingmaterial,amaximumluminanceof800cd/m2wasobtained.

简介：在语言和文化二者的关系上。我国高等院校法语专业的教学始终直面着一个双重矛盾：一方面。受传统语法一翻译法的影响。文化似乎在法语专业教学中占有相当的比重，但事实上，教员、学生都嫌不够；另一方面，尽管业内人士早已认识到，成功的语言交际既需要交际双方具备坚实的语言基础。也取决于各自拥有的相关社会文化知识，但事实上，我们对目的语国家社会文化知识的教学扣科研始终重视不够。本史以法国当代语言和文化教学法专家RobertGALISSON及其DidactologiedesLangues-Cultures理论为指导。着重剖析前述矛盾现象并提出改进措施。

简介：<正>EnChine,plusde500enseignantsdefran?aislangueétrangèredispersésdans150universitésontencharge10,000étudiantsquiapprennentl’anglaiscommepremièrelangueétrangèreetlefran?aiscommesecondelangue.Parmanqued’unprogrammenational,l’enseignementduF.L.E.nepouvaitpasatteindrelaqualitédeceluidel’anglaisrégiparunprogrammenationaldepuis1986.L’anglaisrégiparunprogrammenationald’enseignementduF.L.E.nesouffreaucundélai,nousnoussommesmisàl’oeuvreen1988sousladirectionduComiténationalpourl’Educationetavonsmenénotreentrepriseàtermeen1990.

简介：本文作者在对当代著名作家朱利安·格拉克的名作《西尔特的沙岸》进行了详细的分析之后认为,格拉克通过一个在旧日总督统治下的古老的城市中发生的离奇的故事,使读者看到了一幅无论是历史事件和地理环境都完全变了形的古威尼斯和那里发生过的历史故事;在这面“镜子”(小说)里,读者没有看到任何历史事件和人物的“反映”,而是一幅严重变形的,梦幻一般的景象。然而,小说家通过超现实主义式的隐喻手法,使这变了形的景象与历史上确曾发生过的景象之间产生了一种“内在的同一性”于是,残酷的历史变成了艺术,变成了诗;但这诗中蕴含着真实,一种诗意化了的真实。

简介：此文作者综合运用修辞学、叙述学、精神分析学及结构主义批评方法分析了著名导演爱森斯坦的著名影片《战舰波将金号》,通过这一实例阐述了有关电影隐喻的多种理论问题。作者指出:一、任何电影画面都是多义的,而且由于明喻的句法标志和语言标志过于繁琐,所以电影中隐喻过程压倒了明喻过程。二、画面的多义性可以通过蒙太奇表现,但也可以通过孤立的画面表现,孤立的画面由于配音而产生隐喻效果。三、蒙太奇式的隐喻过程和孤立画面的隐喻过程在电影中同时存在,它们被电影语法组织起来,而电影语法的基础则是对应。四、不论是类比还是对应都同属于隐喻过程,这种隐喻过程是人类理性思维、政治思维或艺术思维的共同基础。

简介：AseriesofLa2O3/MCnylonnanocompositeswerepreparedviainsitupolymerization.Theeffectsofcontentofnano-La2O3onthemechanicalpropertiesofnanocompositeswerestudied.Dispersionofnano-La2O3inMCnylonmatrixwasobservedwithSEM.ThecrystalstructureofnanocompositeswascharacterizedbymeansofXRD.SEManalysisshowsthatLa2O3nanoparticlesareuniformlydispersedinMCnylonmatrixandlittleclusteringexistswhenthecontentofnano-La2O3islowerthan1%,however,whenthecontentofnano-La2O3ismorethan1%,itbeginstocluster.XRDanalysisindicatsthatnano-La2O3doesnotchangethecrystalstructureofMCnylon.Mechanicalpropertiestestsshowthatthetensilestrength,elongationatbreak,impactstrength,flexuralstrength,andflexuralmodulusofnanocompositesfirstincreasethendecreaseasthecontentofnano-La2O3isincreased.Whenthecontentofnano-La2O3is0.5%,thetensilestrengthandelongationatbreakofnanocompositesreachmaximum,whichare17.9%and52.1%higherrespectivelythanthoseofMCnylon.Whenthecontentofnano-La2O3is1.0%,theimpactstrength,flexuralstrengthandflexuralmodulusofnanocompositesreachmaximum,whichare36.6%,12.7%and16.3%higherrespectivelythanthoseofMCnylon.

简介：Inthispaper,varioustechniquesincludingBET,XRD,SEMandXPSwereusedtostudythesinteringofpureandLa2O3-dopedtitania.Theexperimentalresultsshowthatsinteringoftitaniaproceedsviavolumediffu-sion.Addingoflanthanumoxidedecreasestherateofsinteringandhindersthephasetransitionfromanatasetorutilecrystalbystrongsurfaceinteractionbetweenthemixedcrystals(La4Ti9O24,La0.66TiO2.99)andTiO2.

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简介：ThemeasurementsoftemperaturedependenceofthemagneticsusceptibilityofLa1-xSrxCoO3perovskiteoxidesatdifferentSrdoping(0≤x≤0.5)andannealingtemperaturewerepresented.Forthesamplewithx=0.1,ashoulderwasobservedaround150K,andapeakwhichisonefeatureofspinglassappearedaround50Kinthecurveofsusceptibilityversustemperature.Thehigh-temperature(250～420K)susceptibilityfitswellwithCurie-Weisslawforallsamples.WeissconstantandeffectivemagneticmomentweredeterminedandtheirvariationswithSrdopingandoxygenannealingconditionwereobtained.TheWeissconstantincreasesmonotonouslywithSrcontentforx>0.2.Thevaluesofeffectivemomentswereinterpretedwiththespinstateofcobaltions.Studiesonthesusceptibilitiesofthesampleswithx=0.2underdifferentpreparationtemperaturesandannealingtemperaturesshowthattherisingofsinteringtemperatureandannealingtemperaturewillincreasethepara-ferromagnetictransitiontemperature,andreducetheeffectivemomenttonormalvalue.OurresultshowsthatbothCo3+andCo4+ionsshouldbeinISstateafterannealingandtheoxygenannealingcausesthetransitionofCo3+spinstatefromHStoIS.

简介：作为La-Mg-Y系统的一个例子，方法怎么建立单个阶段的热力学的模型在热力学的优化的过程被介绍。答案阶段(液体，以身体为中心立方，以脸为中心立方、包装hexagonalclose、双六角形拥挤不堪)与Redlich-Kister方程被建模。Thecompound精力模型被用来在La-Mg-Y系统描述金属间化合的混合物的热力学的函数。在La-Mg-Y系统的混合物Mg_2Y，Mg_(24)Y_5，Mg_(12)La，Mg_(17)La_2，Mg_(41)La_5，Mg_3La和Mg_2La被当作公式(Mg，Y)_2(La，Mg，Y)，Mg_(24)(La，Mg，Y)_4Y，Mg_(12)(La，Y)，Mg_(17)(La，Y)_2，Mg_(41)(La，Y)_5，Mg_3(La，Mg，Y)并且Mg_2(La，Y)分别地。一个模型(La，Mg，Y)_(0.5)(La，Mg，Y)_(0.5)被使用由MgLa和MgY描述复合MgMformed以便在La-Mg-Y系统与CsCl类型结构(B2)应付在body-centeredcubic答案(A2)和MgM之间的顺序混乱转变。单个阶段的吉布斯精力在La-Mg被优化，躺并且由CALPHAD的La-Mg-Y系统技术。液体的Theprojection我们为La-Mg-Y系统的表面被预言。包括Mg，艾尔，Cu，Ni，Mn，Zn和稀土元素形成的36二进制代码和15三元系统的基于Mg的合金数据库元素在SGTE被安装标准。