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简介：AbstractBackground:The CHA2DS2–VASc score was initially applied to stratify stroke risk in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and was found to be effective in predicting all-cause mortality outcomes. To date, it is still unclear whether circulating long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as emerging biomarkers, can improve the predictive power of the CHA2DS2–VASc score in stroke and all-cause mortality.Methods:Candidate lncRNAs were screened by searching the literature and analyzing previous RNA sequencing results. After preliminary verification in 29 patients with AF, the final selected lncRNAs were evaluated by Cox proportional hazards regression in 192 patients to determine whether their relative expression levels were associated with stroke and all-cause mortality. The c-statistic, net reclassification improvement (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement of the patients were calculated to evaluate the discrimination and reclassification power for stroke and all-cause mortality when adding lncRNA expression levels to the CHA2DS2–VASc score model.Results:Five plasma lncRNAs associated with stroke and all-cause mortality in AF patients were selected in our screening process. Patients with elevated H19 levels were found to have a higher risk of stroke (hazard ratio [HR] 3.264, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.364–7.813, P = 0.008). Adding the H19 expression level to the CHA2DS2–VASc score significantly improved the discrimination and reclassification power of the CHA2DS2–VASc score for stroke in AF patients. In addition, the H19 level showed a marginally significant association with all-cause mortality (HR 2.263, 95% CI: 0.889–5.760, P = 0.087), although it appeared to have no significant improvement for the CHA2DS2–VASc model for predicting all-cause mortality.Conclusions:Plasma expression of H19 was associated with stroke risk in AF patients and improved the discriminatory power of the CHA2DS2–VASc score. Therefore, lncRNA H19 served as an emerging non-invasive biomarker for stroke risk prediction in patients with AF.

简介：摘要目的夏科-马里-图斯病/腓骨肌萎缩症（Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease，CMT）是临床和遗传异质性较强的遗传性周围神经病，患病率约为1/2 500。本研究旨在对携带MFN2、BSCL2以及LRSAM1突变中国患者的临床及基因突变特点进行分析。方法收集2012年12月至2020年3月于解放军总医院神经内科临床诊断为CMT的患者共206例，对其进行病史采集、神经系统体格检查、实验室检查、神经传导检查（nerve conduction studies，NCS）以及高通量核苷酸测序和生物信息学分析。结果临床诊断为CMT的206例中，MFN2突变10例，男性7例、女性3例，其中2例有阳性家族史，并发现3个未报道突变：c.475-2A>G（剪切突变）；c.687dupA（p.E230Rfs*16）和 c.558dupT（p.S186fs）；BSCL2突变4例：c.461C>G（p.S154W）、c.461C>T（p.S154L）、c.1309G>C（p.A437P）和c.845C>T（p.A282V），其中c.1309G>C（p.A437P）和c.845C>T（p.A282V）为未报道突变；LRSAM1未报道突变2例：c.1930G>T（p.G644C）和c.1178T>A（p.L393Q）。结论本研究通过对临床诊断为CMT患者进行高通量靶向测序，发现了MFN2、BSCL2和LRSAM1未报道突变，拓展了中国人群CMT这一疾病的基因谱。

简介：【摘要】目的 骨关节炎（Osteoarthritis,OA）是一种累及关节软骨及非软骨组织的骨关节高发病，具有症状进行性加重的特点，严重影响患者生活质量，早期诊断及治疗成为临床工作亟待解决的问题。T2 mapping作为一项磁共振的新技术，可以针对损伤组织中各成分含量的改变进行定量分析，从而检测出早期OA的软骨变性。三维梯度回波T2*加权脂肪抑脂(three-dimensional Gradient recalled echo T2*weighted imaging fat suppression,3D GRE T2*WI fs)是在GRE T2*WI基础上研发的扫描序列，扫描时间较常规PD抑脂像节省了65秒的时间，可大范围、无间隔连续薄层扫描。本研究旨在评估T2 mapping及3D GRE T2*WI抑脂像在髋关节OA诊断中的应用价值及其临床意义。

简介：【摘要】目的 分析2型糖尿病（T2DM）合并非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）的患者应用SGLT-2抑制剂的效果与安全性。方法 选择本院收治52例2型糖尿病（T2DM）合并非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）的患者作为实验对象，实验时间为2020年5月～2022年5月，利用随机、单盲法分为常规组和实验组，各26例。其中26例患者采用接受常规治疗（二甲双胍+格列美脲）的方式，组成常规组；剩余的26例患者接受SGLT-2抑制剂（二甲双胍+格列美脲+达格列净）的治疗，统归为实验组；对比两组患者的治疗效果和不良反应发生率。结果 实验组的治疗有效率为96.15%、不良反应发生率为7.69%，常规组的治疗有效率为73.08%、不良反应发生率为30.77%，差异有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）。结论 当吧SGLT-2抑制剂应用在2型糖尿病（T2DM）合并非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）的患者身上，可以有效改善患者的血糖以及肝功能情况，减少不良反应的出现，提升患者的用药安全性，保证患者的治疗效果，值得在临床中推广。

简介：摘要目的探讨脊髓小脑共济失调2型（SCA2）致病基因ATXN2异常等位基因中间重复个体的表型和分子遗传学特点。方法针对2005—2018年中日友好医院神经科运动障碍与神经遗传病研究中心收集的1 383个常染色体显性遗传共济失调家系的先证者和部分家系成员，采用荧光标记毛细管电泳片段分析方法进行动态突变检测，对携带ATXN2基因中间重复的个体进行临床表型和遗传特征分析。结果共检出163个家系（包含先证者和家系成员共203人）携带异常扩展的ATXN2基因CAG重复序列，其中93个家系中有107例的异常扩展等位基因重复次数在29~34次之间。在其中的20个亲子对中，父系遗传16个，异常等位基因的代间扩展增加0~28次，母系遗传4个，异常等位基因的代间扩展增加0~4次。结论对于临床拟诊SCA2家系患者，需对其亲代或成年子代个体进行ATXN2基因检测，以免漏诊。动态突变基因检测有助于识别中间重复的个体，对明确家系致病基因和遗传咨询至关重要。

简介：摘要目的本实验旨在进一步验证与评价M2BP与M2BPGi在胆道闭锁（biliary atresia，BA）患儿肝纤维化中的作用。方法收集2019年9月至2020年11月天津市儿童医院普外科收治的48例行肝相关手术的患儿肝组织标本，患儿按疾病类型分为实验组（BA组）35例，其中男17例，女18例，年龄为60(30, 60) d；对照组（DC组）13例，其中男7例，女6例，年龄为120(60, 720) d。DC组中包括2例胆汁淤积，7例胆总管囊肿（choledochal cyst，CC），4例胆管发育不良（biliary hypoplasia，BH）。通过免疫组织化学检测肝组织中M2BP蛋白含量，分析其与肝组织纤维化分级的相关性；通过实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction，qRT-PCR），检测肝组织中M2BP mRNA含量，分析其转录、翻译水平是否表达一致。另收集患儿中26例BA、4例BH的血清，检测患儿肝功能相关的生化指标，采用酶联免疫吸附测定（enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay，ELISA）检测其血清M2BPGi浓度。患儿组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U秩和检验；用Spearman相关分析评价M2BP及M2BPGi水平与肝纤维化分级的相关性，建立ROC曲线评价血清M2BPGi浓度在肝纤维化中的作用。结果①免疫组织化学结果显示，M2BP表达于肝细胞、巨噬细胞胞质内；BA组患儿肝组织中M2BP蛋白的含量为0.187(0.116, 0.222），高于DC组的0.122(0.072, 0.141），组间比较，差异有统计学意义（P=0.004）；肝组织中M2BPGi的含量与肝纤维化分级存在正相关（rs=0.847，P< 0.001）。②qRT-PCR结果显示，BA组患儿肝组织中M2BP mRNA水平为0.099(0.059, 0.138），高于DC组的0.036(0.015，0.064），组间比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）；Ⅲ~Ⅳ级肝纤维化中M2BP mRNA水平为0.129(0.093, 0.194），高于Ⅰ~Ⅱ级肝纤维化的0.060 （0.027, 0.098），组间比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）；与肝组织中M2BP蛋白含量表达一致，随着肝纤维化分级增加，M2BP mRNA水平也随之增加。③ELISA结果显示，Ⅲ~Ⅳ级肝纤维化的血清中M2BPGi含量为6.07 （5.03 ，10.33) ng/ml，高于Ⅰ~Ⅱ级肝纤维化的2.70(2.03, 3.68) ng/ml，组间比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。单独建立血清中M2BPGi评估肝纤维化分级的ROC曲线，当评估Ⅲ~Ⅳ级肝纤维化时，显示曲线下面积为0.972 （95%的置信区间为0.918~1.000），敏感度、特异度、准确度、PPV和NPV分别为0.889、1.000、94.45%、100.00%和90.01 %，M2BPGi的临界值4.48 ng/ml。结论M2BP在BA肝组织中高表达且随肝纤维化程度加重而增加，血清中其糖基化异构体M2BPGi在预测BA患儿肝纤维化的严重程度方面有一定价值。

简介：【摘要】目的 探讨达格列净联合二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病的疗效及对氧化-抗氧化平衡的影响。方法 选取2020年7月-2021年8月本院收治的T2DM者84例纳入研究，所分观察组（42例）联合用药（达格列净与二甲双胍），42例对照组（二甲双胍治疗），对比效果。结果 与对照组（有效率）相比，观察组要更高（P

简介：AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to evolve, generating new variants that pose a threat to global health; therefore, it is imperative to obtain safe and broad-spectrum antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. To this end, we screened compounds for their ability to inhibit viral entry, which is a critical step in virus infection. Twenty compounds that have been previously reported to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication were tested by using pseudoviruses containing the spike protein from the original strain (SARS-CoV-2-WH01). The cytotoxicity of these compounds was determined. Furthermore, we identified six compounds with strong antagonistic activity against the WH01 pseudovirus, and low cytotoxicity was identified. These compounds were then evaluated for their efficacy against pseudoviruses expressing the spike protein from B.1.617.2 (Delta) and B.1.1.529 (Omicron), the two most prevalent circulating strains. These assays demonstrated that two phenothiazine compounds, trifluoperazine 2HCl and thioridazine HCl, inhibit the infection of Delta and Omicron pseudoviruses. Finally, we discovered that these two compounds were highly effective against authentic SARS-CoV-2 viruses, including the WH01, Delta, and Omicron strains. Our study identified potential broad-spectrum SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors and provided insights into the development of novel therapeutics.

简介：AbstractOmicron (B.1.1.529), the fifth variant of concern (VOC) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was firstly identified in November 2021 in South Africa. Omicron contains far more genome mutations than any other VOCs ever found, raising significant concerns about its increased transmissibility and immune evasion. Here, we report the importation of the Omicron variant into Beijing, China, in December 2021. Full-length genome sequences of five imported strains were obtained, with their genetic features characterized. Each strain contained 57 to 61 nucleotide substitutions, 39 deletions, and 9 insertions in the genome. Thirty to thirty-two amino acid changes were found in the spike proteins of the five strains. The phylogenetic tree constructed by the maximum likelihood method showed that all five imported genomes belonged to Omicron (BA.1) (alias of B.1.1.529.1), which is leading to the current surge of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases worldwide. The globally increased COVID-19 cases driven by the Omicron variant pose a significant challenge to disease prevention and control in China. Continuous viral genetic surveillance and increased testing among international travellers are required to contain this highly contagious variant.

简介：AbstractAt present, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread worldwide, which has emerged multiple variants and brought a threat to global public health. To analyze the genomic characteristics and variations of SARS-CoV-2 imported into Beijing, we collected the respiratory tract specimens of 112 cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from January to September 2021 in Beijing, China, including 40 local cases and 72 imported cases. The whole-genome sequences of the viruses were sequenced by the next-generation sequencing method. Variant markers and phylogenic features of SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed. Our results showed that in all 112 sequences, the mutations were concentrated in spike protein. D614G was found in all sequences, and mutations including L452R, T478K, P681R/H, and D950N in some cases. Furthermore, 112 sequences belonged to 23 lineages by phylogenetic analysis. B.1.1.7 (Alpha) and B.1.617.2 (Delta) lineages were dominant. Our study drew a variation image of SARS-CoV-2 and could help evaluate the potential risk of COVID-19 for pandemic preparedness and response.

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简介：摘要本文报道2例胎儿Pierre Robin序列征（PRS），由胎儿MRI诊断并在引产或生后得以证实。PRS在胎儿MRI上表现为小下颌、舌根后坠、气道变窄及腭裂。MRI诊断PRS有较高的敏感性，可诊断胎儿PRS伴随的结构畸形，给予围生期咨询提供一定指导建议。

简介：摘要本文报道椎管内孤立性纤维性肿瘤2例。该2例患者分别因双下肢无力伴小便失禁2个月余和右下肢麻木半年就诊，MRI上表现为与椎管平行的椭圆形肿块，边界清晰，T1WI呈等信号，T2WI呈等或稍高信号；增强扫描呈明显均匀或不均匀强化。最终术后病理诊断为椎管内孤立性纤维性肿瘤。

简介：摘要椎动脉外伤后出血量大且凶猛，容易被误诊为颈动脉损伤，临床中颈部外伤单纯伤及椎动脉少见，我们诊治2例椎动脉破裂出血患者。患者1，女性，41岁，颈部外伤4 h，探查后行左侧椎动脉吻合+左侧椎前静脉修补+左侧颈内、颈外静脉结扎术，术后10 d患者出现头晕，颅脑MR检查考虑左侧小脑半球脑梗死，椎动脉闭塞、狭窄，应用抗凝药物治疗4个月后头晕症状消失。患者2，女性，28岁，右侧颈部肿胀10 h，数字减影血管造影（DSA）检查示椎动脉起始段假性动脉瘤，介入手术止血困难，暂行颈部填塞后予抗感染治疗，术后4 d行颈部探查+气管切开术，术后18 d再行介入手术，患者出院前气管套管拔除，右上肢肌力0级。

简介：摘要患儿 男，11月龄，以频繁成簇抽搐发作起病，予地西泮、苯巴比妥及丙戊酸钠联合治疗无效，每天抽搐发作数十次，起病第4天因癫痫持续状态入住重症监护病房治疗，并出现嗜睡、意识模糊、不能认人、不自主动作、偶兴奋尖叫、夜间睡眠时间减少，脑电图背景活动慢化，监测到频繁后头部起源的临床发作及电发作，脑脊液抗AMPA2受体IgG抗体阳性，诊断抗AMPA2受体脑炎。予人免疫球蛋白及激素冲击免疫治疗，加用拉考沙胺并减停丙戊酸后抽搐缓解，意识转清。临床上以频繁局灶抽搐发作伴有意识水平下降为主要表现的婴儿，应注意鉴别抗AMPA2受体脑炎，尽早启用免疫治疗改善预后至关重要。